簡介
亦稱關(guan)公(gong)館,關(guan)公(gong)廟。位于(yu)荊州(zhou)古(gu)城(cheng)南門關(guan)廟舊址,占地(di)4500平(ping)方(fang)米,關(guan)廟舊址既是關(guan)羽(yu)鎮守荊州(zhou)10余年(nian)(nian)的府邸故(gu)基,也是關(guan)羽(yu)后(hou)代世襲江陵的地(di)方(fang)所在。殿宇(yu)分為儀門、正殿、三(san)義(yi)樓(lou)(lou)和(he)陳(chen)列樓(lou)(lou)等(deng)共(gong)占地(di)四(si)千(qian)五百余平(ping)方(fang)米。正殿和(he)三(san)義(yi)樓(lou)(lou)分別(bie)供奉著(zhu)關(guan)羽(yu)和(he)桃(tao)園結義(yi)劉、關(guan)、張巨塑(su)。廟內現存明萬歷年(nian)(nian)間栽植(zhi)雌雄銀杏兩(liang)株(距今(jin)約六百多年(nian)(nian)),關(guan)羽(yu)青(qing)龍偃月刀、赤兔馬槽等(deng)珍(zhen)稀文物。如今(jin),荊州(zhou)關(guan)帝廟已被(bei)列為國家(jia)三(san)國旅游(you)線重點游(you)覽勝跡。
歷史
荊州(zhou)關帝廟(miao),始建(jian)(jian)于明洪(hong)武二十九(jiu)年(1396年),明萬歷時重建(jian)(jian),清順治七年(1650年)、雍(yong)正十年(1732年)兩次(ci)重修并擴建(jian)(jian)。史料記載(zai),此地乃蜀漢大(da)將(jiang)關羽(yu)鎮(zhen)守荊州(zhou)的(de)府邸故基,關羽(yu)曾在這里總(zong)督(du)荊襄九(jiu)郡諸事十年有(you)余(yu)。關羽(yu)為(wei)三(san)國蜀漢名將(jiang),守荊州(zhou)時,北(bei)伐襄樊(fan)、威震華夏,后為(wei)東吳俘殺。關羽(yu)死后,歷代封謚顯(xian)赫。荊州(zhou)關帝廟(miao)自建(jian)(jian)后,規模不斷(duan)擴大(da)。至清雍(yong)正十年,廟(miao)內除奉祀(si)關羽(yu)外,其曾祖、祖、父亦(yi)受祀(si),其子關平、部將(jiang)周(zhou)倉及楊儀、馬(ma)良皆從祀(si)。一時,荊州(zhou)關帝廟(miao)廟(miao)宇森(sen)嚴、規模宏(hong)偉。遺憾的(de)是,日軍侵華期間,廟(miao)宇遭到了致命一擊,殿宇毀失殆盡(jin)。
結構
1987年(nian),江陵縣(xian)政府按(an)清乾隆縣(xian)志載古(gu)關(guan)廟(miao)(miao)建筑布局圖樣,在原關(guan)廟(miao)(miao)遺址上復(fu)建荊(jing)州關(guan)帝(di)廟(miao)(miao)。
如今的廟宇數經改造(zao),雖早已大非(fei)原貌,但廟內元末(mo)明初所植的“夫妻銀杏”,盡管雄(xiong)樹(shu)已毀,雌樹(shu)依然枝虬葉茂(mao)、蒼(cang)勁挺(ting)拔(ba)。整個廟宇仿原關(guan)廟風(feng)格(ge),殿(dian)宇分儀門(men)、正(zheng)殿(dian)、結義(yi)樓(lou)、陳列館等。所有建筑,一律灰瓦(wa)紅墻、雕(diao)梁畫棟、飛檐翹(qiao)角,氣勢恢弘、獨具魅力。
步(bu)入儀門,上方(fang)高(gao)懸清(qing)(qing)乾隆御(yu)匾“澤安南紀”;大殿正(zheng)門上方(fang),有清(qing)(qing)同治(zhi)皇帝御(yu)賜(si)匾額“威(wei)震華夏”;殿內掛著清(qing)(qing)雍正(zheng)御(yu)賜(si)的“乾坤正(zheng)氣(qi)”匾額。大殿內關羽塑像(xiang)高(gao)丈余,身披(pi)重鎧,長(chang)髯飄飄、威(wei)風凜凜;關公兩側(ce)的關平(ping)、周倉(cang),亦(yi)顯得粗獷矯健(jian)、彪(biao)悍勇猛。
大(da)殿(dian)兩旁內壁(bi)上,有(you)關(guan)羽(yu)“鎮守荊州”、“迎(ying)親救(jiu)主”、“義(yi)釋曹操”、“單刀赴會”、“馳(chi)援當陽”、“水淹七軍”、“刮骨療毒”、“父子(zi)忠(zhong)魂(hun)”等(deng)巨(ju)幅(fu)壁(bi)畫,再(zai)現(xian)了關(guan)羽(yu)忠(zhong)、義(yi)、仁、勇(yong)的(de)高大(da)形象和荊州人對他的(de)景仰(yang)之情。大(da)殿(dian)和結義(yi)樓之間的(de)甬道上,有(you)一尊威嚴的(de)關(guan)帝石雕像。
關帝廟會
每(mei)年正(zheng)月和農(nong)歷5月13,關帝(di)廟都要舉行大型廟會,屆時,荊(jing)州人在這里(li)玩龍燈,劃(hua)采蓮船,騎(qi)馬射箭(jian),吹喇叭(ba)套轎子,把關帝(di)廟內外鬧騰得紅紅火(huo)火(huo)。荊(jing)州人敬仰(yang)、崇(chong)拜關公,已(yi)成了(le)延續千年的(de)習俗。
當年關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)羽(yu)出兵伐吳(wu)獲勝歸來(lai),荊(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)軍(jun)民(min)(min)在(zai)大(da)北門外(wai)敲鑼打鼓放鞭炮,夾(jia)道(dao)歡(huan)迎祝捷。而今,此街(jie)仍名為“得(de)勝街(jie)”。逢年過節,荊(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)人玩龍燈,耍(shua)龍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小伙子們都(dou)要先到關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)帝廟(miao)內拜(bai)拜(bai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),再(zai)沿古城(cheng)(cheng)街(jie)巷舞龍。荊(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)游紀念品,也有以關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文化為主(zhu)要內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),如繡有關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)羽(yu)像(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絲(si)織手(shou)絹,印有關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)致背包,還有關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)畫片、小塑像(xiang)等等。荊(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賓館、商店和許多(duo)民(min)(min)宅,多(duo)喜歡(huan)在(zai)大(da)堂(tang)供奉關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)像(xiang),有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還一日(ri)(ri)一拜(bai)。荊(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)人小孩,幾乎每人都(dou)能(neng)講上幾段關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)羽(yu)鎮守荊(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故事。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)忠義精(jing)(jing)神(shen),已深深根植于荊(jing)(jing)(jing)楚(chu)大(da)地(di)。隨著臺(tai)灣(wan)海峽兩岸(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)日(ri)(ri)漸頻繁(fan),隨著中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)和海外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)往日(ri)(ri)益增多(duo),越來(lai)越多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)港澳和外(wai)國(guo)(guo)朋友來(lai)荊(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)朝拜(bai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),進香還愿(yuan)。來(lai)自世界各地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人,經常聚在(zai)荊(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)帝廟(miao),用不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語言贊(zan)頌關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)忠義精(jing)(jing)神(shen),給(gei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文化賦予了新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代內涵。