小(xiao)灌木(mu),高30-100厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。莖圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),幼枝有(you)(you)(you)(you)棱(leng),疏(shu)生(sheng)白色(se)(se)(se)丁字毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)復葉(xie)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6-15厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);葉(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(0.5-)1-2.5厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),葉(xie)軸上面(mian)略扁平,有(you)(you)(you)(you)淺槽,被毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)近(jin)(jin)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);托(tuo)葉(xie)披(pi)(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),早落;小(xiao)葉(xie)(2-)3-5對,對生(sheng),闊卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)菱(ling)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-4厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬1-2.3厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端圓(yuan)鈍(dun)或(huo)急尖(jian),具長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)小(xiao)尖(jian)頭(tou),基部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)闊楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)綠色(se)(se)(se),下(xia)(xia)面(mian)粉綠色(se)(se)(se),兩(liang)面(mian)散生(sheng)白色(se)(se)(se)丁字毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),中(zhong)脈(mo)上面(mian)微隆起(qi),下(xia)(xia)面(mian)隆起(qi),側脈(mo)兩(liang)面(mian)明(ming)顯;小(xiao)葉(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密生(sheng)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);小(xiao)托(tuo)葉(xie)鉆(zhan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),宿(su)存(cun)。總狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-12(-20)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),疏(shu)花(hua)(hua);總花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-2.5厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)序軸有(you)(you)(you)(you)棱(leng),疏(shu)生(sheng)白色(se)(se)(se)丁字毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);苞片線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)萼杯狀(zhuang)(zhuang),外(wai)面(mian)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)3.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),萼筒長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),萼齒(chi)披(pi)(pi)針(zhen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)三角形(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)(you)(you)緣(yuan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),最下(xia)(xia)萼齒(chi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達(da)2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)冠淡紅色(se)(se)(se),稀白色(se)(se)(se),花(hua)(hua)瓣近(jin)(jin)等長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),旗瓣橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)12-15(-17)毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬約(yue)7.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),外(wai)面(mian)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),邊(bian)緣(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)短毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),翼瓣邊(bian)緣(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)藥闊卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),兩(liang)端有(you)(you)(you)(you)髯毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);子房無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。莢果(guo)(guo)棕褐色(se)(se)(se),圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5-7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑約(yue)5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),內果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)紫色(se)(se)(se)斑點(dian),有(you)(you)(you)(you)種子10余粒;果(guo)(guo)梗平展;種子赤褐色(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑約(yue)2.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)期5-7月,果(guo)(guo)期8月。
適應性強,耐貧(pin)瘠,耐干旱,抗(kang)病性較(jiao)強,也較(jiao)耐水濕,對土壤要(yao)求(qiu)不嚴。常生于山坡灌(guan)叢及疏林(lin)內或巖縫中。
產吉林、遼寧(ning)、河北(bei)、山(shan)東、江蘇(海(hai)州)。朝鮮、日本也有分布(bu)。
花(hua)(hua)木藍是(shi)北方稀有(you)夏花(hua)(hua)植物,花(hua)(hua)色鮮(xian)艷(yan),花(hua)(hua)量大,有(you)芳香,花(hua)(hua)期(qi)長達50~60d。宜做花(hua)(hua)籬,也適于做公路、鐵路、護(hu)坡、路旁(pang)綠(lv)化,還是(shi)花(hua)(hua)壇、花(hua)(hua)境材料(liao)。
性味歸經
苦,寒。
功能主治
清熱(re)(re)解毒,消腫(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)痛,通便。用于咽(yan)喉腫(zhong)(zhong)痛,肺(fei)熱(re)(re)咳嗽,黃疸,熱(re)(re)結(jie)便秘;外用治痔瘡腫(zhong)(zhong)痛,蛇蟲咬傷。