簡介概要
山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)門廳(ting)(ting)為3開(kai)間(jian)門廊(lang),高檐(yan)如蓋,8根梭往拔地而(er)(er)起。門廳(ting)(ting)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)中(zhong)葉(xie)(xie),原(yuan)為潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)汪(wang)姓眾廳(ting)(ting)六順(shun)堂(tang)(tang)殘(can)留部分。入(ru)門有(you)一不大(da)的(de)(de)院(yuan)落(luo),中(zhong)間(jian)立有(you)3間(jian)五樓茶園石(shi)(shi)牌坊(fang),為明(ming)(ming)(ming)代嘉(jia)靖(jing)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1552~1566年(nian)(nian))鄭綺(qi)所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。不遠處,有(you)小(xiao)溪(xi)自西向東(dong)環山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而(er)(er)過(guo),溪(xi)上橫跨有(you)單孔(kong)石(shi)(shi)拱小(xiao)橋,名(ming)"蔭秀(xiu)橋",始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉(jia)靖(jing)申寅年(nian)(nian)(1554年(nian)(nian)),原(yuan)坐落(luo)于潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)唐貝村(cun)(cun)口(kou)。過(guo)橋循道登山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),路有(you)一亭,四(si)(si)角高翹,名(ming)"善化亭",建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉(jia)靖(jing)辛亥年(nian)(nian)(1551年(nian)(nian)),原(yuan)坐落(luo)于歙縣(xian)許村(cun)(cun)楊充嶺石(shi)(shi)道旁。順(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢北轉,即(ji)見"樂善堂(tang)(tang)",建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)中(zhong)葉(xie)(xie),原(yuan)系(xi)潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)汪(wang)姓子孫所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)眾廳(ting)(ting),因族中(zhong)老人常娛樂議(yi)事(shi)于此,故又名(ming)"耄(mao)耋廳(ting)(ting)",二進3開(kai)間(jian),無樓。北面毗(pi)連(lian)著(zhu)"曹門廳(ting)(ting)",建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉(jia)靖(jing)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1554年(nian)(nian)),原(yuan)為潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)汪(wang)氏后(hou)裔的(de)(de)支祠,9開(kai)間(jian)的(de)(de)門庭一字(zi)形展開(kai),8根獻柱整齊劃列。入(ru)門有(you)四(si)(si)廊(lang),與(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)正廳(ting)(ting)連(lian)接。穿過(guo)門前石(shi)(shi)坪(ping)順(shun)勢而(er)(er)下(xia),有(you)"司(si)諫第(di)",始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)弘治八(ba)年(nian)(nian)門 (1495年(nian)(nian)),原(yuan)坐落(luo)潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)村(cun)(cun),系(xi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)永樂初進士、吏科給事(shi)汪(wang)善孫輩祭(ji)祖所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)宗(zong)祠,二進明(ming)(ming)(ming)廳(ting)(ting)式,中(zhong)間(jian)天并設(she)池(chi),四(si)(si)周繞以石(shi)(shi)柱,中(zhong)架單孔(kong)石(shi)(shi)拱小(xiao)橋。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)北側為一組宅(zhai)第(di):吳建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)化宅(zhai),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)中(zhong)葉(xie)(xie),系(xi)普通民居,原(yuan)坐落(luo)潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)村(cun)(cun),始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)為3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),后(hou)改(gai)為2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),仍保留明(ming)(ming)(ming)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑特(te)征。方觀田宅(zhai),始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)中(zhong)葉(xie)(xie),原(yuan)坐落(luo)歙縣(xian)坑日鄉淪潭村(cun)(cun),一進2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)3間(jian)兩廂式。方文(wen)泰宅(zhai),始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)中(zhong)后(hou)期,原(yuan)坐落(luo)在坤沙(sha)村(cun)(cun),為3開(kai)間(jian)兩進、上下(xia)對廊(lang)結構(gou)的(de)(de)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)民居。蘇雪痕(hen)宅(zhai),明(ming)(ming)(ming)中(zhong)葉(xie)(xie)遺構(gou),原(yuan)坐落(luo)歙縣(xian)鄭村(cun)(cun),一脊(ji)翻兩堂(tang)(tang)逆(ni)向式3間(jian)二進2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)磚木結構(gou)。
歷史沉淀
潛口(kou)民(min)宅(zhai)是徽(hui)州(zhou)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)民(min)居的(de)(de)(de)縮影(ying)。在一個(ge)小(xiao)山巒上展示(shi)出各類(lei)不同古(gu)民(min)居風(feng)貌,頗具(ju)匠心,首先,潛口(kou)民(min)宅(zhai)很注意它的(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表性。從建筑類(lei)型(xing)看,既有(you)(you)洞(dong)社、宅(zhai)第,也有(you)(you)小(xiao)橋、路(lu)亭、牌(pai)坊。在時間跨度上,從明(ming)(ming)弘治八年延續(xu)到(dao)明(ming)(ming)中晚期。從宅(zhai)主(zhu)看,有(you)(you)商人的(de)(de)(de)是捐建的(de)(de)(de)"善化(hua)(hua)亭",老人議事(shi)娛樂的(de)(de)(de)"樂善堂(tang)",大家旺族的(de)(de)(de)眾廳。其(qi)次(ci),潛口(kou)民(min)宅(zhai)頗縣(xian)典型(xing)性。這里(li)(li)有(you)(you)雕飾精美,能體(ti)現(xian)徽(hui)雕技藝的(de)(de)(de)"方(fang)文泰宅(zhai)",有(you)(you)江南現(xian)存明(ming)(ming)代(dai)最早(zao)磚本結(jie)構建筑之一的(de)(de)(de)"司諫第",亦有(you)(you)保留了元代(dai)營造手法的(de)(de)(de)"吳(wu)建華宅(zhai)"。這里(li)(li),可(ke)以(yi)見到(dao)明(ming)(ming)宅(zhai)起居方(fang)便,簡易而富有(you)(you)實用(yong)價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)營造法,從天井設(she)水池去體(ti)驗聚水如聚財的(de)(de)(de)哲理。再(zai)(zai)次(ci),潛口(kou)民(min)宅(zhai)有(you)(you)統一的(de)(de)(de)藝術風(feng)格。移人的(de)(de)(de)建筑,大都取自潛日村(cun),布局上又參(can)照了徽(hui)州(zhou)古(gu)村(cun)落的(de)(de)(de)固有(you)(you)特點,內部陳設(she)以(yi)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)家具(ju)和其(qi)他生活用(yong)品,再(zai)(zai)現(xian)了徽(hui)州(zhou)古(gu)村(cun)落的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史文化(hua)(hua)風(feng)貌。
景點介紹
蔭秀橋
“蔭秀(xiu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”建于明(ming)嘉(jia)靖三十三年(公(gong)元1554年),為(wei)單孔拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),它由當地尼姑(gu)出(chu)資所建,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)一頭是(shi)尼姑(gu)庵,另(ling)一頭是(shi)雞犬相聞的(de)村莊,“蔭秀(xiu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”三字(zi),一半(ban)(ban)為(wei)陽刻,一半(ban)(ban)為(wei)陰刻,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)中央(yang)成了(le)佛界與人(ren)間的(de)分界線,故(gu)又叫“陰陽橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”,十分有(you)趣的(de)是(shi)該橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)兩(liang)旁護欄砌(qi)筑卻是(shi)羅(luo)漢(han)板。歲月悠悠,小(xiao)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)依然,“師太不知(zhi)何處去,羅(luo)漢(han)依舊(jiu)笑(xiao)春風”。
石牌坊
走過“蔭秀橋”,便是(shi)“石牌(pai)坊”,它建于明(ming)代嘉(jia)靖年間,牌(pai)坊正面無題字,只(zhi)雕著一個齜牙咧嘴的(de)“鬼”,手里拿著一支筆,腳上踏著一只(zhi)方(fang)形大斗,“鬼”與“斗”合(he)起來(lai)為(wei)“魁(kui)”。牌(pai)坊背面刻了(le)月宮(gong)桂樹圖。表(biao)明(ming)立(li)坊者(zhe)方(fang)氏期(qi)望家(jia)族(zu)子弟多出文魁(kui)星(xing),去(qu)蟾宮(gong)折桂,光(guang)宗耀祖。
善化亭
迂回登山,即有(you)一(yi)亭(ting)(ting)(ting),名曰“善化亭(ting)(ting)(ting)”,建于(yu)明(ming)代嘉靖(jing)三十(shi)年(公(gong)元1551年),亭(ting)(ting)(ting)名“善化”,乃取舊時“善化賢良(liang)釋化愚”之(zhi)意。亭(ting)(ting)(ting)為方形,四柱居(ju)空(kong),飛檐翹角,造型美觀,亭(ting)(ting)(ting)頂梁橫木上(shang)刻有(you)對聯(lian):“陰德無(wu)根(gen)方寸地中種出,陽(yang)春有(you)腳九重天上(shang)行來(lai)”,意在勸人(ren)誠心(xin)行善方可(ke)積德。此亭(ting)(ting)(ting)還有(you)一(yi)對聯(lian):“走不(bu)完的(de)前程,停一(yi)停,從容步(bu)出;急不(bu)來(lai)的(de)心(xin)事,想一(yi)想,暫且丟開”,寓意十(shi)分深刻。
樂善堂
步出善化亭,順山而上,即見第一座民(min)宅“樂(le)善堂”,又(you)稱(cheng)“耄耋(die)廳”,建于(yu)明(ming)代(dai)中葉,此堂是供族中80歲以上的(de)老(lao)人娛樂(le)和(he)議(yi)事(shi)的(de)場所。宅高雅古樸,二(er)進(jin)三(san)開(kai)間(jian)(jian),正面(mian)為三(san)開(kai)間(jian)(jian)柱式門(men)廳,廳的(de)兩(liang)側多(duo)有門(men)房(fang),前后進(jin)間(jian)(jian)設有天(tian)(tian)井。明(ming)代(dai)徽州(zhou)民(min)居家家如此,謂之“五岳朝天(tian)(tian),四水(shui)歸堂”。古時徽州(zhou)人聚水(shui)如聚財,選設天(tian)(tian)井,不(bu)(bu)僅是通風(feng)采光的(de)需要(yao),還圖“肥水(shui)不(bu)(bu)外流”之吉利。樂(le)善堂天(tian)(tian)井兩(liang)側都有廊室,正堂20根(gen)大柱巍(wei)然挺立,橫梁雕刻精細,整(zheng)個建筑氣勢不(bu)(bu)凡。
曹門廳
“曹門廳”建于明嘉靖年間。此廳檐罩(zhao)高懸(xuan),門庭(ting)九開間,獻柱八(ba)根,整齊劃一,莊嚴肅穆。曹門廳建造者為潛口(kou)汪曹(其(qi)先(xian)人(ren)曾任宋代漕運使),后裔支祠,建筑宏偉(wei),為一般(ban)祠堂所不及。
方觀田宅
“方觀田宅(zhai)”是(shi)一座明代(dai)(dai)徽州普通農(nong)民(min)(min)住宅(zhai),建于(yu)明代(dai)(dai)中期。該宅(zhai)為(wei)一進三間磚木結(jie)構的樓房,小青瓦、馬頭(tou)墻(qiang)、樓廳、天井、欄(lan)板均采用護縫(feng)制裝飾,樓下(xia)青磚鋪(pu)地,大門在門罩保護,門內罩飾有霸王拳,專家認為(wei)此宅(zhai)是(shi)徽州普通農(nong)民(min)(min)住宅(zhai)的代(dai)(dai)表。
司諫第
“司諫(jian)第”建(jian)于明(ming)(ming)弘治八年(公(gong)元1495年),為明(ming)(ming)廳(ting)(ting)式(shi)的(de)文化(hua)型建(jian)筑。第內(nei)設天井,四周(zhou)繞以(yi)石(shi)柱,中架單(dan)(dan)孔石(shi)拱小橋,直通正廳(ting)(ting),廳(ting)(ting)上(shang)設石(shi)座寢室,供奉(feng)神位,該第構架用料宏大(da),梭柱、月(yue)梁、荷花(hua)墩、叉手、單(dan)(dan)步梁、斗拱雕刻精美,顯(xian)示了明(ming)(ming)代建(jian)筑風格。此第原是(shi)明(ming)(ming)永樂初進士(shi)、諫(jian)官、吏(li)部給事中汪(wang)善(shan)(shan)的(de)孫輩(bei),為祭祖所(suo)建(jian)的(de)家祠(ci)。中堂高懸“敕(chi)諭(yu)匾”,上(shang)書(shu):“皇(huang)帝敕(chi)諭(yu)進士(shi)汪(wang)善(shan)(shan)……特命爾榮歸故里,以(yi)誠德業,副聯(lian)所(suo)期(qi)”。
文峰古塔
從潛口(kou)明(ming)宅前行約5公里,便可見文(wen)峰古(gu)塔傲然立于(yu)巖寺古(gu)鎮(zhen)之(zhi)中(zhong)。該(gai)鎮(zhen)同為(wei)黃(huang)山(shan)市徽州區政(zheng)府所在,舊為(wei)登臨黃(huang)山(shan)的咽喉之(zhi)地。巖寺附近(jin)著名景(jing)觀除潛口(kou)古(gu)民居外,還(huan)有國家級文(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei)呈坎(kan)寶(bao)綸閣以及綠(lv)繞亭、老屋閣等一(yi)大(da)批古(gu)建筑,還(huan)有許海峰國際(ji)射擊(ji)俱樂部、黃(huang)山(shan)垂釣(diao)中(zhong)心等現(xian)(xian)代游樂設施。巖寺是新四(si)軍八省健兒(er)會師之(zhi)所,現(xian)(xian)存有新四(si)軍軍部舊址,留(liu)有陳毅元帥等在此戰斗生(sheng)活的遺(yi)蹤。
唐模村
由呈(cheng)坎(kan)驅車(che)沿鄉道前行,便(bian)可抵唐(tang)模(mo)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。唐(tang)模(mo)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)始(shi)建于宋,以(yi)田園(yuan)、古(gu)建風(feng)光見長。村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)內(nei)檀(tan)干園(yuan)建于清初,有池亭(ting)花木(mu)之勝。傳為(wei)(wei)該村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)許氏(shi)商人(ren),為(wei)(wei)酬老(lao)母(mu)想(xiang)游西湖之愿,在村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)中(zhong)花巨資興建,故俗(su)稱“小西湖”。唐(tang)模(mo)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)口建有“同(tong)(tong)胞翰林(lin)坊”。該坊為(wei)(wei)旌表村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)內(nei)許承宣、許承家兄弟(di)二人(ren)于清康熙(xi)年間上京殿試,同(tong)(tong)時考中(zhong)翰林(lin)而建,實為(wei)(wei)全國罕(han)見。
旅游信息
門票(piao)價(jia)格:60元(yuan)/人(ren)
地(di)理位(wei)置(zhi):潛口民宅位(wei)于徽州(zhou)區(qu)潛口鎮紫霞(xia)山麓,距巖寺(si)5公里(li)。
交通信息:
1、黃(huang)山市汽車客運(yun)總站(黃(huang)山市屯溪區(qu)齊(qi)云大道31號,也叫(jiao)屯溪汽車站)坐直達(da)潛口民宅(zhai)的汽車,每天8:00、10:00、14:00、16:00發車。
2、從黃山市市區出發,乘到巖寺的小(xiao)巴(ba)車,在乘巖寺到潛口民宅(zhai)的小(xiao)巴(ba)車(4元)或打的士(shi)(35元) 到潛口民宅(zhai),進入景區游玩,大約三個小(xiao)時可乘車返回市區。