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歷史典故

清公主府

在呼和浩特市賽罕路東。為清康熙帝第四女恪靖公主的府(fu)(fu)第(di)。恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)俗呼海蚌公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)，傳為(wei)(wei)貴人郭絡羅氏所生，一說(shuo)為(wei)(wei)康(kang)熙(xi)帝第(di)六女。清(qing)朝對蒙古(gu)實(shi)行懷柔政策，將(jiang)恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)下嫁給(gei)喀(ka)爾喀(ka)蒙古(gu)部(bu)土謝圖汗的兒子敦(dun)多(duo)布(bu)多(duo)爾濟，初(chu)封為(wei)(wei)和(he)碩公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)，又封為(wei)(wei)恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)，再封為(wei)(wei)固倫(lun)恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)曾三(san)遷(qian)(qian)，初(chu)居清(qing)水河縣花(hua)園巷(xiang)，后遷(qian)(qian)呼和(he)浩(hao)特市舊城西北的扎達(da)海河西岸，雍正(zheng)年間（1723―1735）又修建了(le)現(xian)存的這座府(fu)(fu)第(di)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)建筑5進，有(you)大(da)(da)門(men)(men)、過廳、大(da)(da)廳和(he)內院，門(men)(men)前立有(you)大(da)(da)照壁，宅(zhai)院東部(bu)有(you)假山和(he)池沼。恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)死后葬東郊(jiao)美岱村(cun)，美岱村(cun)附(fu)近(jin)(jin)的大(da)(da)黑河上四村(cun)水澆(jiao)地盡屬公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)，其后裔多(duo)居住在這里。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)附(fu)近(jin)(jin)為(wei)(wei)其牧(mu)場，后建村(cun)落命(ming)為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)府(fu)(fu)、府(fu)(fu)興營(ying)等。府(fu)(fu)第(di)雖(sui)經(jing)近(jin)(jin)現(xian)代(dai)利(li)用改建，原來(lai)布(bu)局基(ji)本(ben)未變(bian)，現(xian)已辟(pi)為(wei)(wei)呼和(he)浩(hao)特市博物館，利(li)用古(gu)代(dai)建筑舉辦文物陳列和(he)展(zhan)覽。

桃花文化節

舉辦桃花文化節以創建國家園林城市，打造美麗宜居首府為目的，讓更(geng)多的(de)游(you)人深入(ru)了解園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化知識，引導入(ru)園(yuan)游(you)玩的(de)人們做愛綠(lv)護綠(lv)的(de)使(shi)者。該(gai)公園(yuan)是(shi)全市(shi)種(zhong)植桃樹面積最(zui)大(da)、樹種(zhong)最(zui)集中的(de)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)區(qu)，共種(zhong)植山(shan)桃主(zhu)干樹種(zhong)367株，意義是(shi)為了紀念(nian)367名陣亡的(de)中國抗日(ri)戰士(shi)。同時(shi)，園(yuan)內還(huan)有連翹、紫丁香(xiang)、榆葉梅(mei)等。

大規模園(yuan)林綠地建(jian)設，城區內園(yuan)林綠地逐漸增(zeng)多。從去年(nian)開(kai)始，根據園(yuan)區不同(tong)的(de)(de)特點(dian)，對(dui)全市所有的(de)(de)游(you)園(yuan)注(zhu)入(ru)相應的(de)(de)文(wen)化內涵。其中春渡公(gong)園(yuan)已打造(zao)成廉(lian)政主體公(gong)園(yuan)，公(gong)主府公(gong)園(yuan)以桃花(hua)(hua)文(wen)化為載體，集中栽(zai)植(zhi)多品種桃樹，突(tu)出桃花(hua)(hua)文(wen)化主題。今后還將(jiang)針(zhen)對(dui)青城公(gong)園(yuan)、滿都海公(gong)園(yuan)等荷花(hua)(hua)栽(zai)植(zhi)現狀(zhuang)極力舉(ju)(ju)辦荷花(hua)(hua)節，在各個游(you)園(yuan)內逐步注(zhu)入(ru)花(hua)(hua)文(wen)化，并結合公(gong)園(yuan)特點(dian)還將(jiang)舉(ju)(ju)辦與園(yuan)林相關元(yuan)素攝(she)影展活動、

將士紀念碑

74年前的悲壯一幕：1933年5月23日凌晨4時左右，日(ri)本侵略者瘋狂(kuang)向華(hua)北進攻，傅(fu)(fu)作(zuo)義(yi)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)率領華(hua)北軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第五十九(jiu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)士(shi)(shi)在牛欄山(shan)西至昌平一線布防時遭遇敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)襲(xi)擊，五十九(jiu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)士(shi)(shi)與敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)英勇血戰(zhan)15個(ge)小時，367名將(jiang)(jiang)士(shi)(shi)英勇犧牲，最終取得(de)了(le)戰(zhan)斗(dou)的(de)(de)勝(sheng)利。戰(zhan)斗(dou)結(jie)束后，傅(fu)(fu)作(zuo)義(yi)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)為了(le)緬懷陣亡將(jiang)(jiang)士(shi)(shi)，特地派員將(jiang)(jiang)找到的(de)(de) 203具(ju)殉(xun)國官兵遺骸護運回歸綏，安葬于公主府(fu)公園，建立(li)紀念碑。

和碩公主

據史(shi)料記載，和(he)碩恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是康(kang)熙皇帝的(de)(de)第6女，生于康(kang)熙十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)五月，卒于雍正十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)月，終(zhong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)57歲。和(he)碩恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)深(shen)受(shou)康(kang)熙喜愛，曾3次(ci)受(shou)封。第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)是康(kang)熙三(san)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)僅13歲，困“既嫻內治，宜被(bei)殊榮”，即被(bei)封為(wei)(wei)“和(he)碩公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”。第二(er)次(ci)是康(kang)熙三(san)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，這時公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下嫁敦多布多爾濟已9年(nian)(nian)(nian)，因她(ta)“居心柔嘉，婦德無違”，故封“恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”。第三(san)次(ci)是雍正元年(nian)(nian)(nian)，雍正皇帝特(te)賜(si)她(ta)金(jin)冊(ce)，并晉(jin)(jin)封為(wei)(wei)“固(gu)倫(lun)恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”。那么“和(he)碩”和(he)“固(gu)倫(lun)”究竟有(you)何區別(bie)呢？據歷史(shi)學家介紹，二(er)者反映(ying)了公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)級別(bie)，皇后嫡出(chu)的(de)(de)女兒稱“固(gu)倫(lun)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”，“固(gu)倫(lun)”是滿語，意(yi)為(wei)(wei)“國家”或“天下”，是最高級別(bie)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；嬪妃和(he)貴(gui)人等(deng)生的(de)(de)女兒則稱“和(he)碩公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”，“和(he)碩”也(ye)是滿語，意(yi)為(wei)(wei)“一(yi)(yi)方”，后引(yin)申(shen)為(wei)(wei)“旗(qi)”的(de)(de)意(yi)思，和(he)碩公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)因自身出(chu)色或政績斐然可(ke)被(bei)晉(jin)(jin)升為(wei)(wei)固(gu)倫(lun)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。

《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)志(zhi)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)贊(zan)(zan)“恪(ke)(ke)(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)人(ren)恭儉柔(rou)順、不恃(shi)皇家之驕(jiao)、善(shan)敦妯娌、嫻(xian)于禮教。”她在(zai)清(qing)水(shui)河居住時(shi)，康熙皇帝(di)御(yu)賜田地(di)48000多畝(mu)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)這(zhe)里招民種田，開鑿水(shui)渠，引水(shui)灌溉。當(dang)(dang)地(di)百姓自發地(di)為(wei)她刻立了(le)德政碑，盛贊(zan)(zan)她“寬以待民，撫民亦如赤子，其立心也(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，其立政也(ye)(ye)(ye)明”。民間傳(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)恪(ke)(ke)(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)叫“靜宜(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”，民間還稱(cheng)(cheng)“海蚌(bang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”、“四(si)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”。“海蚌(bang)”是(shi)滿語(yu)音(yin)譯，“參謀”之意(yi)。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)恪(ke)(ke)(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)呼(hu)和浩特地(di)區(qu)“事事過(guo)(guo)問”，權力很大，歸化城各級(ji)官吏(li)政事的處理(li)都要請她參政議事。傳(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)恪(ke)(ke)(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)雖然排(pai)行老六，但因(yin)她之前的兩個公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)早夭，所以也(ye)(ye)(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)“四(si)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”。史(shi)學家經(jing)過(guo)(guo)研究認(ren)為(wei)這(zhe)些(xie)說(shuo)(shuo)法是(shi)可信的。有人(ren)甚至從側(ce)面提出了(le)實物證據，即(ji)在(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)院第(di)一進院“轎廳(ting)”檐下的“左戧檐花磚雕(diao)(diao)刻圖”，也(ye)(ye)(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)“吉祥富貴圖”，它(ta)采用雙層(ceng)插(cha)磚鏤(lou)空雕(diao)(diao)刻工(gong)藝，松梅圍簇四(si)周，4只肥美的綿羊(yang)怡然自得，又點綴(zhui)以4只出殼的海螺，寓意(yi)恪(ke)(ke)(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)肖(xiao)屬羊(yang)，排(pai)行第(di)四(si)，吉祥富貴。

“和碩恪靖(jing)(jing)公主(zhu)”或(huo)稱“固倫恪靖(jing)(jing)公主(zhu)”，與蒙古草原的和平安寧息息相關(guan)，她的品級封號以及金(jin)冊訴說著她非同尋常的一生。

清朝對蒙古實行懷柔政策(ce)，將恪靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)主下(xia)嫁給喀爾喀蒙古部(bu)土謝圖汗的兒子敦多布多爾濟，初封為和碩公(gong)(gong)主，又(you)封為恪靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)主，再(zai)封為固倫恪靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)主。公(gong)(gong)主府(fu)曾三(san)遷，初居(ju)清水(shui)河(he)縣花(hua)園巷，后遷呼和浩特市舊(jiu)城西北的扎達海河(he)西岸，雍(yong)正年間（1723-1735）又(you)修(xiu)建了現存的這座府(fu)第。公(gong)(gong)主府(fu)建筑5進，有(you)大(da)(da)門(men)、過廳(ting)、大(da)(da)廳(ting)和內院(yuan)，門(men)前立有(you)大(da)(da)照(zhao)壁，宅(zhai)院(yuan)東部(bu)有(you)假山和池沼。

恪靖公主(zhu)死(si)后葬東郊美岱村(cun)，美岱村(cun)附(fu)近(jin)(jin)的大(da)黑(hei)河(he)上四(si)村(cun)水澆地盡屬公主(zhu)府，其后裔多居住在這(zhe)里(li)。公主(zhu)府附(fu)近(jin)(jin)為(wei)其牧場，后建村(cun)落命為(wei)小府、府興營等(deng)。府第(di)雖經近(jin)(jin)現代利用改建，原來(lai)布局基本(ben)未變(bian)，現已(yi)辟為(wei)呼和浩(hao)特市博物館，利用古代建筑舉辦文物陳列和展覽，供游(you)人(ren)參觀。

保存現狀

固倫恪(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)，是康(kang)熙皇帝六(liu)女兒恪(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)下嫁漠北喀爾喀蒙古(gu)(gu)土謝圖汗部多(duo)布多(duo)爾濟后所建(jian)府(fu)(fu)邸，是清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)滿蒙聯姻國策的產物。府(fu)(fu)邸以大青山為(wei)屏，札達(da)河與艾(ai)不(bu)蓋河環抱(bao)，素有二(er)龍戲珠之美(mei)稱(cheng)。公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)現(xian)占地面(mian)積18000平(ping)方(fang)米，分(fen)四進五重(zhong)院落，為(wei)親(qin)王級(ji)(ji)建(jian)筑品級(ji)(ji)。前(qian)有影壁御道，后有花園馬場，府(fu)(fu)門(men)，儀門(men)，靜宜堂，寢宮，耳房，廂房，配房，后罩房依列分(fen)布，風雨滄桑(sang)三百(bai)年，至(zhi)今保(bao)存完好，是目前(qian)國內(nei)唯一保(bao)留完整的清(qing)(qing)代公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)邸，是古(gu)(gu)代建(jian)筑藝術(shu)重(zhong)要的文化載體。

和碩(shuo)恪靖(jing)公主府(fu)，建(jian)于清代康熙(xi)年(nian)間，距今已有三百(bai)多年(nian)的歷史，是康熙(xi)皇(huang)帝的六女兒和碩(shuo)恪靖(jing)公主居住過的府(fu)邸，公主府(fu)占地18000m2，是賽(sai)外保存最完(wan)整(zheng)的一(yi)處清代四(si)(si)合院(yuan)(yuan)群體建(jian)筑。總(zong)體為4座四(si)(si)合小院(yuan)(yuan)構成，共(gong)有房屋69間，為一(yi)套(tao)四(si)(si)進(jin)六院(yuan)(yuan)的府(fu)第，被(bei)列為全國重點(dian)文物保護單(dan)位，內藏(zang)文物精品1200余件，具(ju)有較高的歷史、藝術(shu)和觀賞價(jia)值。

公主府院(yuan)落(luo)由(you)南向(xiang)北(bei)分組(zu)排列為大照壁(bi)、前殿(dian)、大殿(dian)、儀門、寢(qin)殿(dian)5 重。

現規劃在(zai)此基礎上(shang)擴大(da)保護區(qu)范圍，連(lian)接(jie)展館部分(fen)和公(gong)園部分(fen)，使公(gong)主(zhu)府按(an)原(yuan)貌形成一個獨(du)立的(de)整體，恢復原(yuan)公(gong)主(zhu)府歷(li)史(shi)風貌，挖掘(jue)滿蒙歷(li)史(shi)文化淵(yuan)源(yuan)，以及恪靖(jing)公(gong)主(zhu)與(yu)喀(ka)(ka)爾喀(ka)(ka)蒙古(gu)土謝圖親(qin)王的(de)奇聞軼(yi)事(shi)。

保護工程

公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)不(bu)僅是(shi)民族(zu)美(mei)好的(de)(de)象征，府(fu)內景(jing)色更加別具一(yi)格， 2001年(nian)獲批全(quan)國(guo)重點文物保(bao)護(hu)單位。為保(bao)護(hu)這一(yi)稀有(you)歷史文化遺產，從2004年(nian)起(qi)市(shi)(shi)委，市(shi)(shi)政府(fu)投(tou)入數千萬用(yong)于修繕公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)，歷時5年(nian)，才有(you)了(le)今天(tian)煥然一(yi)新(xin)的(de)(de)面貌，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)的(de)(de)建造全(quan)部(bu)按照皇家督造，油(you)飾工程全(quan)部(bu)使用(yong)礦物質顏料，所(suo)有(you)彩畫可以(yi)保(bao)持20年(nian)至30年(nian)不(bu)會褪色，府(fu)里的(de)(de)金碧(bi)輝(hui)煌之處全(quan)都是(shi)用(yong)98金泊(bo)做成，在陽光底下光彩奪目，熠(yi)熠(yi)生輝(hui)，處處體現著公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)的(de)(de)尊貴等級。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)制作工藝考究，是(shi)呼和浩(hao)特市(shi)(shi)所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)古建筑當中，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)的(de)(de)級別是(shi)最(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)。