韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍廟位于(yu)(yu)陜西省(sheng)韓城(cheng)市金城(cheng)區東北(bei)隅,占地(di)1.56萬平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米,建(jian)筑(zhu)面積1576平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米。廟始建(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)隆慶五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1571年(nian)(nian)(nian)),明(ming)(ming)萬歷五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1577年(nian)(nian)(nian))擴建(jian),后多次(ci)重(zhong)建(jian)。該(gai)廟坐北(bei)朝(chao)南,平(ping)面分四(si)道院(yuan)呈(cheng)“十”字形(xing),以山門、政教坊、威明(ming)(ming)門、廣薦殿、德馨殿、靈佑(you)殿、含光殿等構(gou)成南北(bei)中軸(zhou)線。廟中所有建(jian)筑(zhu)構(gou)架均采用(yong)徹上(shang)明(ming)(ming)造,梁架仍保留叉手,前后檐多用(yong)“大額”,山面用(yong)闌額和普拍(pai)枋(fang)。歇山頂收山較大,形(xing)制古樸,反(fan)映(ying)了(le)當(dang)地(di)明(ming)(ming)初建(jian)筑(zhu)的特征。
韓(han)城城隍(huang)廟(miao)戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai)(tai)坐西向東(dong)。原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)西兩(liang)臺(tai)(tai),現(xian)存西臺(tai)(tai),東(dong)臺(tai)(tai)已(yi)毀(hui)。創建于明(ming)萬歷四(si)(si)十(shi)四(si)(si)年(1616),歷代均有(you)重修,現(xian)保(bao)持有(you)明(ming)代建筑特征(zheng),部(bu)分(fen)(fen)構(gou)造(zao)已(yi)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)清(qing)代法式。戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai)(tai)為(wei)(wei)臺(tai)(tai)基式建筑,五(wu)架梁(liang)屋架結構(gou)。重檐(yan)(yan)十(shi)字歇(xie)山(shan)頂(ding),灰色板、筒瓦覆蓋,琉璃牡丹置(zhi)脊。山(shan)花透空,吊有(you)木制(zhi)垂魚。臺(tai)(tai)以隔(ge)扇(shan)(shan)木屏將(jiang)進(jin)深(shen)(shen)分(fen)(fen)作(zuo)前后兩(liang)間(jian)(即前后場)。隔(ge)扇(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)花心(xin)書有(you)“歌舞臺(tai)(tai)”三字。臺(tai)(tai)面呈(cheng)長(chang)方形(xing),通(tong)面寬九點三米,總進(jin)深(shen)(shen)四(si)(si)點八米,臺(tai)(tai)基高出地(di)面一點二九米。舞臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)空懸(xuan)以八角覆斗(dou)形(xing)藻(zao)井,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)有(you)球形(xing)蟠(pan)龍頂(ding)心(xin),四(si)(si)周施(shi)以水藻(zao)彩(cai)繪。前檐(yan)(yan)置(zhi)方形(xing)木柱兩(liang)根(gen),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)托(tuo)大(da)額(e)枋、平板枋和欄(lan)額(e)枋。平板枋上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)斗(dou)拱五(wu)朵,中為(wei)(wei)補間(jian)如意斗(dou)拱,余為(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)斡(wo)五(wu)踩四(si)(si)輔(fu)(fu)作(zuo)建造(zao)。頂(ding)部(bu)枋上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)轉角雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)昂五(wu)踩斗(dou)拱兩(liang)輔(fu)(fu)作(zuo),雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)昂五(wu)踩補間(jian)斗(dou)拱五(wu)輔(fu)(fu)作(zuo),支起上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下挑檐(yan)(yan)枋和隨梁(liang)枋,架撐四(si)(si)邊屋檐(yan)(yan),出跳深(shen)(shen)遠。四(si)(si)角并置(zhi)垂柱與斗(dou)拱斡(wo)相接,翹(qiao)起角檐(yan)(yan)。主臺(tai)(tai)呈(cheng)三面觀式,兩(liang)側修有(you)耳(er)房。每年農(nong)歷八月二十(shi)日為(wei)(wei)廟(miao)會日期,當地(di)民(min)眾須請(qing)兩(liang)臺(tai)(tai)大(da)戲(xi)(xi)于此(ci)賽臺(tai)(tai)演出。
韓(han)城城隍廟位于(yu)韓(han)城市金城區東(dong)北隅文廟北鄰,始建于(yu)明(ming)隆慶五年(nian)(公(gong)元1571年(nian)),明(ming)萬歷五年(nian)(公(gong)元1577年(nian))擴建,此后曾多次重建,成為韓(han)城市一(yi)座坐北朝南的四道院道教道觀(guan)。其中主(zhu)要建筑有琉璃九龍照壁(bi)、東(dong)西牌坊(fang)、山門(men)、政(zheng)教坊(fang)、威明(ming)門(men)、廣薦殿(dian)、德(de)馨殿(dian)、靈佑殿(dian)和含光殿(dian)等。
琉(liu)(liu)璃九龍(long)壁(bi)位于廟(miao)前(qian),牌坊位于枝(zhi)門(men)(men)(men)東西(xi),東牌坊上書(shu)額(e)(e)“監(jian)察(cha)幽明”,西(xi)牌坊上書(shu)額(e)(e)“保(bao)(bao)安黎(li)庶(shu)”。 廟(miao)中所(suo)(suo)有建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)構架均采用徹上明造,梁架保(bao)(bao)留叉手,前(qian)后檐(yan)多用“大額(e)(e)”,山(shan)面(mian)(mian)用闌額(e)(e)和(he)(he)(he)普(pu)柏枋,歇山(shan)頂(ding)收山(shan)較大,形(xing)制古樸,具有韓城(cheng)明代建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)特(te)征。 廟(miao)門(men)(men)(men)是(shi)三門(men)(men)(men)并列的(de)(de)正(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)(he)枝(zhi)門(men)(men)(men),正(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)額(e)(e)書(shu)“城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)”,門(men)(men)(men)外兩(liang)側各塑金(jin)剛神,四墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)磚(zhuan)刻“彰善癉惡”四字。山(shan)門(men)(men)(men)尾頂(ding)脊眉,鴟尾為(wei)琉(liu)(liu)璃彩(cai)色(se),有雕龍(long)、走(zou)獸、獅子等。 政教殿(dian)(dian)三間(jian)(jian),在儀門(men)(men)(men)前(qian),單(dan)檐(yan)懸山(shan)卷(juan)棚頂(ding)抱(bao)廈式(shi)結構,是(shi)客商居貨的(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo)(suo)。 威明門(men)(men)(men)是(shi)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)的(de)(de)二門(men)(men)(men),門(men)(men)(men)房為(wei)單(dan)檐(yan)懸山(shan)頂(ding),面(mian)(mian)闊3間(jian)(jian),明間(jian)(jian)辟門(men)(men)(men),次間(jian)(jian)是(shi)“槽官”和(he)(he)(he)“憲(xian)天(tian)”的(de)(de)塑像,昭(zhao)示森嚴。廣薦殿(dian)(dian)五間(jian)(jian),具有六楹,單(dan)檐(yan)懸山(shan)式(shi),殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)現有戲樓,重檐(yan)十字歇山(shan)頂(ding),巍峨壯(zhuang)觀,是(shi)百(bai)姓進獻祭品的(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo)(suo)。德馨殿(dian)(dian)即獻殿(dian)(dian)三間(jian)(jian),單(dan)檐(yan)歇山(shan)式(shi)結構,具有四楹,角(jiao)飾垂花,斗(dou)拱間(jian)(jian)封面(mian)(mian)為(wei)壁(bi)面(mian)(mian),殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)兩(liang)側有兩(liang)廡,各12間(jian)(jian),斗(dou)拱鋪(pu)作奇(qi)特(te),是(shi)縣令、縉紳、士大夫拜謁(ye)場(chang)所(suo)(suo)。 靈佑殿(dian)(dian)五間(jian)(jian),單(dan)檐(yan)歇山(shan)式(shi),角(jiao)飾垂花,前(qian)后兩(liang)殿(dian)(dian)相鄰,形(xing)成勾(gou)心(xin)斗(dou)角(jiao)之勢,為(wei)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian),是(shi)城(cheng)隍(huang)爺(ye)聽政形(xing)貌所(suo)(suo)在的(de)(de)大堂,殿(dian)(dian)內東西(xi)墻(qiang)壁(bi)畫有審(shen)判司(si)、罰(fa)惡司(si)、賞(shang)善司(si)和(he)(he)(he)檢察(cha)司(si)的(de)(de)畫像。含光殿(dian)(dian)又稱(cheng)寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian),明太祖朱元璋于洪武年(nian)間(jian)(jian)封前(qian)漢紀(ji)信為(wei)城(cheng)隍(huang)爺(ye),因此(ci)內部供奉紀(ji)信城(cheng)隍(huang)爺(ye)銅坐像,傳說城(cheng)隍(huang)是(shi)“剪惡除(chu)兇,護國保(bao)(bao)邦(bang),監(jian)察(cha)幽冥(ming),保(bao)(bao)安黎(li)庶(shu)”的(de)(de)神靈。
隨(sui)著全國重點文物(wu)保護單位—韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)成功順利移交給當地文物(wu)部(bu)門管理,被學校(xiao)占用長達半(ban)個多世(shi)紀的(de)(de)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)終于可以重現(xian)它的(de)(de)魅力(li)了。韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)是我(wo)省大的(de)(de)一。
座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)古(gu)(gu)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),占地(di)(di)面(mian)積15500平方米,規模(mo)宏大(da),中軸四進院落,是一(yi)組具(ju)有(you)元(yuan)、明、清建筑(zhu)風格的(de)古(gu)(gu)代建筑(zhu)群。由(you)于歷史(shi)原因,建國(guo)以來,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)一(yi)直被作為學(xue)校長(chang)期占用,因為地(di)(di)處重點文(wen)物保護(hu)單位城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)內,致(zhi)使學(xue)校發展受到很(hen)大(da)限制。同時,限于資金等各方面(mian)原因,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也是年久失修,存在很(hen)多隱患,對文(wen)物保護(hu)非常(chang)不利。 隨著城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)移交給(gei)當地(di)(di)文(wen)物部(bu)門管理,韓城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)這座國(guo)家級歷史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東區由(you)南向北依次分(fen)布(bu)的(de)文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、東營(ying)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)古(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)將會得(de)到更(geng)加完整有(you)效的(de)保護(hu),從而使韓城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)博物館實施的(de)文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、東營(ying)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)三廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)貫通工程得(de)到順利發展。