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簡介

韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟位(wei)于陜西省韓城(cheng)市金城(cheng)區(qu)東北(bei)隅，占地1.56萬(wan)平方(fang)米，建(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)1576平方(fang)米。廟始(shi)建(jian)于明(ming)隆慶五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1571年(nian)(nian)(nian)），明(ming)萬(wan)歷五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1577年(nian)(nian)(nian)）擴建(jian)，后(hou)多次重建(jian)。該廟坐北(bei)朝(chao)南(nan)，平面(mian)分四道院呈(cheng)“十(shi)”字形(xing)，以山門(men)、政教(jiao)坊(fang)、威明(ming)門(men)、廣薦殿、德(de)馨殿、靈佑(you)殿、含光殿等構(gou)成南(nan)北(bei)中軸線。廟中所有(you)建(jian)筑構(gou)架均采用(yong)徹上明(ming)造，梁(liang)架仍保(bao)留叉(cha)手，前后(hou)檐(yan)多用(yong)“大額”，山面(mian)用(yong)闌額和普拍枋。歇山頂收山較大，形(xing)制古樸，反映了當地明(ming)初建(jian)筑的(de)特征。

韓城城隍廟(miao)戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai)坐西向東。原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東西兩(liang)(liang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)，現(xian)存(cun)西臺(tai)(tai)(tai)，東臺(tai)(tai)(tai)已(yi)毀。創建于明萬歷(li)(li)四(si)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)（1616），歷(li)(li)代均(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)，現(xian)保持有(you)(you)(you)(you)明代建筑特征，部分(fen)構造(zao)已(yi)改為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清代法(fa)式(shi)。戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基式(shi)建筑，五(wu)架(jia)(jia)梁屋(wu)架(jia)(jia)結(jie)構。重(zhong)檐十(shi)(shi)字歇(xie)山頂，灰色板、筒瓦(wa)覆蓋，琉璃牡丹置(zhi)脊。山花透空，吊有(you)(you)(you)(you)木制垂魚。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)隔扇木屏將進深分(fen)作前(qian)后兩(liang)(liang)間(jian)(jian)（即前(qian)后場）。隔扇上(shang)(shang)部花心(xin)書有(you)(you)(you)(you)“歌(ge)舞(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”三(san)(san)字。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)面呈長方形(xing)，通(tong)面寬九點(dian)(dian)三(san)(san)米(mi)，總(zong)進深四(si)點(dian)(dian)八米(mi)，臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基高出地面一點(dian)(dian)二九米(mi)。舞(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)空懸以(yi)八角覆斗形(xing)藻(zao)井(jing)，上(shang)(shang)部有(you)(you)(you)(you)球(qiu)形(xing)蟠龍頂心(xin)，四(si)周施以(yi)水藻(zao)彩繪。前(qian)檐置(zhi)方形(xing)木柱兩(liang)(liang)根(gen)，上(shang)(shang)托大額(e)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)、平板枋(fang)(fang)(fang)和欄額(e)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)。平板枋(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)斗拱(gong)(gong)五(wu)朵，中為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)補間(jian)(jian)如意斗拱(gong)(gong)，余為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)斡(wo)五(wu)踩四(si)輔(fu)(fu)作建造(zao)。頂部枋(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)轉(zhuan)角雙(shuang)昂(ang)五(wu)踩斗拱(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)輔(fu)(fu)作，雙(shuang)昂(ang)五(wu)踩補間(jian)(jian)斗拱(gong)(gong)五(wu)輔(fu)(fu)作，支起上(shang)(shang)下(xia)挑檐枋(fang)(fang)(fang)和隨梁枋(fang)(fang)(fang)，架(jia)(jia)撐四(si)邊(bian)屋(wu)檐，出跳深遠(yuan)。四(si)角并置(zhi)垂柱與斗拱(gong)(gong)斡(wo)相接(jie)，翹起角檐。主臺(tai)(tai)(tai)呈三(san)(san)面觀式(shi)，兩(liang)(liang)側修(xiu)(xiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)耳房。每年(nian)農(nong)歷(li)(li)八月二十(shi)(shi)日(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廟(miao)會日(ri)期，當地民(min)眾須請兩(liang)(liang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)大戲于此賽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)演出。

歷史

韓(han)城(cheng)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟位于韓(han)城(cheng)市金城(cheng)區東(dong)北(bei)隅文廟北(bei)鄰，始建(jian)于明(ming)隆慶五(wu)年(nian)（公元1571年(nian)），明(ming)萬歷五(wu)年(nian)（公元1577年(nian)）擴建(jian)，此(ci)后曾多次重(zhong)建(jian)，成為韓(han)城(cheng)市一座(zuo)坐(zuo)北(bei)朝(chao)南的四道院道教道觀(guan)。其中主要(yao)建(jian)筑有琉璃九龍照壁、東(dong)西(xi)牌(pai)坊(fang)、山門(men)、政教坊(fang)、威明(ming)門(men)、廣(guang)薦殿(dian)、德馨殿(dian)、靈佑殿(dian)和含光殿(dian)等(deng)。

琉(liu)璃九(jiu)龍(long)壁位(wei)于廟(miao)前(qian)(qian)，牌坊位(wei)于枝門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)，東(dong)牌坊上書額(e)(e)“監察幽明(ming)”，西(xi)(xi)牌坊上書額(e)(e)“保安黎(li)庶”。 廟(miao)中所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)建筑構(gou)(gou)架(jia)均(jun)采(cai)用(yong)徹上明(ming)造，梁架(jia)保留叉手，前(qian)(qian)后檐(yan)多用(yong)“大(da)額(e)(e)”，山(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)用(yong)闌額(e)(e)和普柏枋(fang)，歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)收(shou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)較大(da)，形制(zhi)古樸，具有(you)(you)(you)韓城(cheng)明(ming)代建筑特征。 廟(miao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)三門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)并(bing)列(lie)的(de)(de)正(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和枝門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，正(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)額(e)(e)書“城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)”，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外兩側各塑金剛神，四墻面(mian)(mian)磚刻“彰善癉惡(e)”四字。山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)尾頂(ding)脊眉，鴟尾為(wei)琉(liu)璃彩(cai)色(se)，有(you)(you)(you)雕龍(long)、走獸(shou)、獅子(zi)等。 政(zheng)教殿(dian)(dian)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)，在儀(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)，單檐(yan)懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)卷棚頂(ding)抱廈(sha)式(shi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，是(shi)客(ke)商(shang)居貨的(de)(de)場所(suo)(suo)。 威明(ming)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)的(de)(de)二門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)房為(wei)單檐(yan)懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)，面(mian)(mian)闊3間(jian)(jian)(jian)，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)辟門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，次間(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)“槽官”和“憲天”的(de)(de)塑像(xiang)，昭示森(sen)嚴。廣薦殿(dian)(dian)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)，具有(you)(you)(you)六楹，單檐(yan)懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)，殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian)現有(you)(you)(you)戲樓，重(zhong)檐(yan)十(shi)字歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)，巍峨壯觀，是(shi)百姓進獻(xian)祭品(pin)的(de)(de)場所(suo)(suo)。德馨殿(dian)(dian)即(ji)獻(xian)殿(dian)(dian)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)，單檐(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，具有(you)(you)(you)四楹，角飾垂(chui)花，斗拱間(jian)(jian)(jian)封面(mian)(mian)為(wei)壁面(mian)(mian)，殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian)兩側有(you)(you)(you)兩廡，各12間(jian)(jian)(jian)，斗拱鋪作奇特，是(shi)縣(xian)令、縉紳、士(shi)大(da)夫(fu)拜謁(ye)場所(suo)(suo)。 靈佑(you)殿(dian)(dian)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)，單檐(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)，角飾垂(chui)花，前(qian)(qian)后兩殿(dian)(dian)相鄰，形成勾心斗角之勢，為(wei)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)，是(shi)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)爺聽政(zheng)形貌所(suo)(suo)在的(de)(de)大(da)堂，殿(dian)(dian)內東(dong)西(xi)(xi)墻壁畫(hua)有(you)(you)(you)審判司(si)、罰惡(e)司(si)、賞善司(si)和檢察司(si)的(de)(de)畫(hua)像(xiang)。含光殿(dian)(dian)又稱寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian)，明(ming)太祖(zu)朱元璋(zhang)于洪武年間(jian)(jian)(jian)封前(qian)(qian)漢紀信為(wei)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)爺，因此內部供(gong)奉紀信城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)爺銅坐像(xiang)，傳說城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)是(shi)“剪惡(e)除兇，護國(guo)保邦，監察幽冥，保安黎(li)庶”的(de)(de)神靈。

保護

隨(sui)著(zhu)全國重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護單位—韓城城隍(huang)廟成功順利(li)移交(jiao)給當地(di)文(wen)物部門管理，被學校占(zhan)用長達(da)半個多世(shi)紀的城隍(huang)廟終(zhong)于可以重(zhong)現(xian)它的魅力了。韓城城隍(huang)廟是我省大的一。

座城(cheng)(cheng)隍古廟(miao)(miao)，占地(di)(di)面(mian)積15500平方(fang)米(mi)，規模宏大(da)，中軸四進院(yuan)落，是一組具有元、明、清建筑風格的(de)古代建筑群(qun)。由于歷史(shi)原(yuan)因，建國以(yi)來，城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)一直被(bei)作(zuo)為學(xue)校長期占用，因為地(di)(di)處(chu)重(zhong)點文物保(bao)護單(dan)位城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)內，致使(shi)學(xue)校發(fa)展受到很大(da)限制(zhi)。同時，限于資(zi)金(jin)等各(ge)方(fang)面(mian)原(yuan)因，城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)也是年(nian)久失修，存在很多隱(yin)患，對(dui)文物保(bao)護非常不利。 隨(sui)著城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)移交給(gei)當地(di)(di)文物部(bu)門管理，韓城(cheng)(cheng)這座國家(jia)級歷史(shi)文化名城(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)區由南向北依次分布的(de)文廟(miao)(miao)、東(dong)營(ying)(ying)廟(miao)(miao)、城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)古建筑將會得(de)到更加完(wan)整有效的(de)保(bao)護，從而使(shi)韓城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)博物館實施(shi)的(de)文廟(miao)(miao)、東(dong)營(ying)(ying)廟(miao)(miao)、城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)三廟(miao)(miao)貫通工程(cheng)得(de)到順利發(fa)展。