韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍廟位于陜西省韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市金城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)東北隅,占(zhan)地1.56萬(wan)平(ping)方米(mi),建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積1576平(ping)方米(mi)。廟始建(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)隆慶五年(nian)(1571年(nian)),明(ming)(ming)(ming)萬(wan)歷五年(nian)(1577年(nian))擴建(jian),后多(duo)次(ci)重(zhong)建(jian)。該廟坐北朝南(nan),平(ping)面分四道院呈“十”字形(xing),以山(shan)門(men)、政(zheng)教坊、威明(ming)(ming)(ming)門(men)、廣薦殿(dian)、德馨(xin)殿(dian)、靈佑殿(dian)、含(han)光殿(dian)等構成南(nan)北中(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)。廟中(zhong)所有建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)構架(jia)均(jun)采用(yong)(yong)徹上明(ming)(ming)(ming)造,梁架(jia)仍保留叉手,前后檐(yan)多(duo)用(yong)(yong)“大額”,山(shan)面用(yong)(yong)闌額和普拍枋。歇(xie)山(shan)頂收山(shan)較大,形(xing)制古樸(pu),反(fan)映(ying)了當(dang)地明(ming)(ming)(ming)初建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的特征。
韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍廟戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)坐西(xi)(xi)向東。原為東西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),現存西(xi)(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),東臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)已毀。創(chuang)建于(yu)明萬歷(li)四(si)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(1616),歷(li)代均有(you)(you)重(zhong)修,現保(bao)持有(you)(you)明代建筑特(te)征,部(bu)分(fen)構(gou)造已改為清代法式。戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)為臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基式建筑,五(wu)架(jia)(jia)梁屋(wu)架(jia)(jia)結構(gou)。重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)十(shi)字歇山(shan)頂(ding),灰色板(ban)(ban)、筒(tong)瓦覆蓋,琉璃牡丹置(zhi)脊。山(shan)花透空,吊(diao)有(you)(you)木(mu)制垂魚。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)隔(ge)扇木(mu)屏(ping)將進(jin)深分(fen)作前(qian)后兩(liang)間(即前(qian)后場)。隔(ge)扇上部(bu)花心(xin)書(shu)有(you)(you)“歌舞臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)”三(san)字。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)面呈長方形(xing)(xing),通面寬九點(dian)三(san)米,總進(jin)深四(si)點(dian)八米,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基高出地面一點(dian)二九米。舞臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上空懸(xuan)以(yi)八角覆斗(dou)形(xing)(xing)藻井,上部(bu)有(you)(you)球形(xing)(xing)蟠龍頂(ding)心(xin),四(si)周施以(yi)水藻彩繪(hui)。前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)置(zhi)方形(xing)(xing)木(mu)柱兩(liang)根,上托大(da)額枋(fang)、平板(ban)(ban)枋(fang)和欄額枋(fang)。平板(ban)(ban)枋(fang)上斗(dou)拱五(wu)朵(duo),中(zhong)為補間如意斗(dou)拱,余為雙斡五(wu)踩四(si)輔作建造。頂(ding)部(bu)枋(fang)上有(you)(you)轉(zhuan)角雙昂五(wu)踩斗(dou)拱兩(liang)輔作,雙昂五(wu)踩補間斗(dou)拱五(wu)輔作,支起上下挑檐(yan)(yan)枋(fang)和隨梁枋(fang),架(jia)(jia)撐四(si)邊(bian)屋(wu)檐(yan)(yan),出跳深遠(yuan)。四(si)角并置(zhi)垂柱與斗(dou)拱斡相(xiang)接(jie),翹起角檐(yan)(yan)。主臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)呈三(san)面觀式,兩(liang)側修有(you)(you)耳房(fang)。每年(nian)農歷(li)八月二十(shi)日為廟會(hui)日期,當地民眾(zhong)須請兩(liang)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)大(da)戲于(yu)此賽臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)演出。
韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟位于韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)金城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)東(dong)北(bei)隅文廟北(bei)鄰,始建于明隆慶(qing)五(wu)年(nian)(公元1571年(nian)),明萬歷五(wu)年(nian)(公元1577年(nian))擴建,此后曾多次重(zhong)建,成為韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)一座(zuo)坐北(bei)朝南的四道(dao)(dao)院道(dao)(dao)教道(dao)(dao)觀。其中主要建筑(zhu)有琉璃九(jiu)龍照壁、東(dong)西(xi)牌坊(fang)、山門(men)、政教坊(fang)、威明門(men)、廣薦殿、德馨(xin)殿、靈(ling)佑殿和含光(guang)殿等。
琉璃(li)九龍壁(bi)(bi)位于廟前,牌坊(fang)位于枝門(men)東西(xi),東牌坊(fang)上書(shu)額“監察幽明”,西(xi)牌坊(fang)上書(shu)額“保安(an)黎庶”。 廟中所(suo)有(you)(you)建筑(zhu)構架均采用徹(che)上明造,梁(liang)架保留叉手,前后(hou)檐多用“大額”,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面用闌額和普柏枋,歇(xie)(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂收山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)較大,形(xing)制(zhi)古樸(pu),具有(you)(you)韓(han)城(cheng)明代(dai)建筑(zhu)特(te)(te)征(zheng)。 廟門(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三門(men)并列的(de)(de)(de)(de)正門(men)和枝門(men),正門(men)額書(shu)“城(cheng)隍(huang)廟”,門(men)外兩(liang)側(ce)各塑(su)金剛神,四(si)墻面磚刻(ke)“彰善癉惡(e)”四(si)字。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)尾頂脊眉(mei),鴟(chi)尾為(wei)琉璃(li)彩色(se),有(you)(you)雕(diao)龍、走獸、獅子等(deng)。 政(zheng)教殿(dian)三間(jian),在儀門(men)前,單(dan)檐懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)卷棚頂抱(bao)廈式(shi)(shi)結(jie)構,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)客商居(ju)貨的(de)(de)(de)(de)場所(suo)。 威(wei)明門(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟的(de)(de)(de)(de)二門(men),門(men)房為(wei)單(dan)檐懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂,面闊3間(jian),明間(jian)辟門(men),次間(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“槽(cao)官”和“憲(xian)天”的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)像(xiang),昭示森嚴。廣薦殿(dian)五(wu)間(jian),具有(you)(you)六楹,單(dan)檐懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi),殿(dian)前現有(you)(you)戲樓(lou),重檐十(shi)字歇(xie)(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂,巍峨(e)壯觀,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)百姓(xing)進獻祭品的(de)(de)(de)(de)場所(suo)。德(de)馨殿(dian)即獻殿(dian)三間(jian),單(dan)檐歇(xie)(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)結(jie)構,具有(you)(you)四(si)楹,角(jiao)飾垂花,斗拱間(jian)封面為(wei)壁(bi)(bi)面,殿(dian)前兩(liang)側(ce)有(you)(you)兩(liang)廡,各12間(jian),斗拱鋪(pu)作奇特(te)(te),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)縣令、縉紳、士大夫拜謁場所(suo)。 靈佑殿(dian)五(wu)間(jian),單(dan)檐歇(xie)(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi),角(jiao)飾垂花,前后(hou)兩(liang)殿(dian)相鄰,形(xing)成勾心斗角(jiao)之勢(shi),為(wei)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟正殿(dian),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)隍(huang)爺(ye)聽(ting)政(zheng)形(xing)貌所(suo)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)大堂,殿(dian)內東西(xi)墻壁(bi)(bi)畫有(you)(you)審判(pan)司(si)(si)、罰(fa)惡(e)司(si)(si)、賞善司(si)(si)和檢察司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)畫像(xiang)。含光殿(dian)又稱寢殿(dian),明太(tai)祖朱元璋于洪武年間(jian)封前漢紀信(xin)為(wei)城(cheng)隍(huang)爺(ye),因此內部供奉紀信(xin)城(cheng)隍(huang)爺(ye)銅坐像(xiang),傳說城(cheng)隍(huang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“剪(jian)惡(e)除(chu)兇,護國保邦(bang),監察幽冥,保安(an)黎庶”的(de)(de)(de)(de)神靈。
隨著全(quan)國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位—韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)成功順(shun)利移交給(gei)當地文(wen)物部門管(guan)理,被學(xue)校(xiao)占用(yong)長達半個多世紀的(de)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)終于(yu)可以重現它的(de)魅力了。韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)是我省大的(de)一。
座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)古廟(miao),占(zhan)地(di)面積15500平方米,規模宏(hong)大,中(zhong)軸(zhou)四進院(yuan)落,是(shi)一組(zu)具有元、明(ming)、清建(jian)筑風(feng)格的(de)古代建(jian)筑群(qun)。由(you)于歷史原因(yin),建(jian)國以來,城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)一直(zhi)被作為(wei)學(xue)校長期占(zhan)用,因(yin)為(wei)地(di)處重點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)內,致使學(xue)校發展(zhan)受(shou)到(dao)很大限制。同時(shi),限于資(zi)金等各方面原因(yin),城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)也是(shi)年久失(shi)修,存(cun)在(zai)很多隱患,對文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)非常不(bu)利。 隨(sui)著城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)移交給當地(di)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)部門管理,韓城(cheng)(cheng)這座(zuo)國家級歷史文(wen)化名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)東區(qu)由(you)南向北依次分布的(de)文(wen)廟(miao)、東營(ying)(ying)廟(miao)、城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)古建(jian)筑將會得到(dao)更(geng)加完整有效的(de)保護(hu),從而使韓城(cheng)(cheng)市博物(wu)(wu)館實施的(de)文(wen)廟(miao)、東營(ying)(ying)廟(miao)、城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)三廟(miao)貫通(tong)工程得到(dao)順利發展(zhan)。