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簡介

韓城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)位(wei)于陜西省韓城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)金城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)東北隅(yu)，占地(di)1.56萬平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)，建(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積1576平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)。廟(miao)始建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)隆慶五年（1571年），明(ming)(ming)萬歷五年（1577年）擴建(jian)(jian)，后(hou)多(duo)次重建(jian)(jian)。該廟(miao)坐北朝南，平(ping)(ping)面(mian)分四道院呈“十(shi)”字形，以(yi)山(shan)門、政教坊、威明(ming)(ming)門、廣薦殿(dian)(dian)、德馨(xin)殿(dian)(dian)、靈佑殿(dian)(dian)、含光殿(dian)(dian)等(deng)構成(cheng)南北中軸線。廟(miao)中所有建(jian)(jian)筑構架均采用(yong)(yong)徹上明(ming)(ming)造(zao)，梁(liang)架仍保留叉手，前(qian)后(hou)檐多(duo)用(yong)(yong)“大額(e)”，山(shan)面(mian)用(yong)(yong)闌額(e)和(he)普拍枋。歇山(shan)頂收山(shan)較大，形制古(gu)樸，反映了當地(di)明(ming)(ming)初建(jian)(jian)筑的特征。

韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍廟戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)坐(zuo)西(xi)向東(dong)。原為(wei)東(dong)西(xi)兩臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，現存西(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，東(dong)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)已(yi)毀。創建于明萬歷四(si)(si)十四(si)(si)年(nian)（1616），歷代(dai)(dai)均有(you)(you)重修(xiu)，現保(bao)持(chi)有(you)(you)明代(dai)(dai)建筑(zhu)特征(zheng)，部(bu)(bu)分構(gou)造已(yi)改為(wei)清(qing)代(dai)(dai)法(fa)式。戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基式建筑(zhu)，五(wu)(wu)架(jia)梁(liang)屋架(jia)結(jie)構(gou)。重檐(yan)十字(zi)歇山頂(ding)，灰色板、筒瓦覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)，琉璃牡丹(dan)置(zhi)脊。山花透(tou)空，吊有(you)(you)木制(zhi)垂魚。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)隔扇木屏將進深(shen)分作(zuo)前后(hou)兩間（即前后(hou)場）。隔扇上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)花心書有(you)(you)“歌舞(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)”三字(zi)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)面(mian)呈(cheng)長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)，通面(mian)寬九點(dian)三米，總進深(shen)四(si)(si)點(dian)八米，臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基高(gao)出(chu)地面(mian)一點(dian)二九米。舞(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)空懸以(yi)八角覆(fu)(fu)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)形(xing)(xing)藻井(jing)，上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)球形(xing)(xing)蟠龍頂(ding)心，四(si)(si)周施以(yi)水藻彩繪(hui)。前檐(yan)置(zhi)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)木柱兩根，上(shang)(shang)托大額(e)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)、平板枋(fang)(fang)(fang)和欄額(e)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)。平板枋(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)五(wu)(wu)朵，中為(wei)補(bu)間如(ru)意斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)，余為(wei)雙(shuang)斡五(wu)(wu)踩(cai)四(si)(si)輔作(zuo)建造。頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)轉角雙(shuang)昂五(wu)(wu)踩(cai)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)兩輔作(zuo)，雙(shuang)昂五(wu)(wu)踩(cai)補(bu)間斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)五(wu)(wu)輔作(zuo)，支(zhi)起(qi)上(shang)(shang)下挑(tiao)檐(yan)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)和隨梁(liang)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)，架(jia)撐四(si)(si)邊屋檐(yan)，出(chu)跳(tiao)深(shen)遠。四(si)(si)角并置(zhi)垂柱與斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)斡相(xiang)接(jie)，翹起(qi)角檐(yan)。主(zhu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)呈(cheng)三面(mian)觀(guan)式，兩側修(xiu)有(you)(you)耳房。每年(nian)農(nong)歷八月二十日為(wei)廟會日期(qi)，當地民眾須請兩臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)大戲(xi)于此賽(sai)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)演出(chu)。

歷史

韓城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)位于(yu)韓城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)金(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)區東(dong)北(bei)隅文廟(miao)北(bei)鄰，始建于(yu)明隆慶五年（公元(yuan)(yuan)1571年），明萬(wan)歷五年（公元(yuan)(yuan)1577年）擴建，此后曾多次重建，成為韓城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)一座坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南的四道(dao)院道(dao)教道(dao)觀。其中主(zhu)要建筑有琉璃(li)九龍(long)照壁、東(dong)西(xi)牌坊、山(shan)門、政教坊、威明門、廣薦殿(dian)、德馨殿(dian)、靈佑殿(dian)和含光殿(dian)等。

琉璃(li)九龍壁(bi)位(wei)于(yu)廟前(qian)，牌坊位(wei)于(yu)枝(zhi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)東(dong)西(xi)，東(dong)牌坊上書額(e)(e)“監察幽(you)明”，西(xi)牌坊上書額(e)(e)“保安黎(li)庶(shu)”。 廟中所(suo)有(you)(you)建(jian)筑構架均采用(yong)徹上明造，梁架保留叉手，前(qian)后檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)多用(yong)“大(da)額(e)(e)”，山(shan)(shan)面用(yong)闌額(e)(e)和(he)普柏枋，歇山(shan)(shan)頂收(shou)山(shan)(shan)較大(da)，形(xing)(xing)制古樸，具(ju)有(you)(you)韓城(cheng)明代建(jian)筑特(te)征。 廟門(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)三(san)門(men)(men)(men)(men)并列(lie)的(de)(de)正(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)枝(zhi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)，正(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)額(e)(e)書“城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟”，門(men)(men)(men)(men)外兩側(ce)各塑(su)金剛神，四墻(qiang)面磚(zhuan)刻“彰(zhang)善癉惡”四字(zi)(zi)。山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)尾頂脊眉，鴟尾為(wei)琉璃(li)彩色，有(you)(you)雕龍、走獸(shou)、獅子(zi)等。 政教(jiao)殿(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)，在(zai)儀門(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)，單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)卷棚頂抱廈式(shi)(shi)結構，是(shi)客商居貨的(de)(de)場所(suo)。 威明門(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟的(de)(de)二門(men)(men)(men)(men)，門(men)(men)(men)(men)房為(wei)單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)頂，面闊3間(jian)(jian)，明間(jian)(jian)辟門(men)(men)(men)(men)，次間(jian)(jian)是(shi)“槽官”和(he)“憲天”的(de)(de)塑(su)像，昭示森嚴。廣薦(jian)殿(dian)(dian)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)，具(ju)有(you)(you)六楹，單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)，殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)現有(you)(you)戲(xi)樓，重檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)十(shi)字(zi)(zi)歇山(shan)(shan)頂，巍峨壯觀，是(shi)百(bai)姓進獻祭品的(de)(de)場所(suo)。德馨殿(dian)(dian)即獻殿(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)，單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)結構，具(ju)有(you)(you)四楹，角飾(shi)垂花，斗(dou)拱(gong)間(jian)(jian)封面為(wei)壁(bi)面，殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)兩側(ce)有(you)(you)兩廡，各12間(jian)(jian)，斗(dou)拱(gong)鋪作奇特(te)，是(shi)縣(xian)令(ling)、縉(jin)紳、士大(da)夫拜謁場所(suo)。 靈佑(you)殿(dian)(dian)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)，單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)，角飾(shi)垂花，前(qian)后兩殿(dian)(dian)相鄰，形(xing)(xing)成勾心(xin)斗(dou)角之勢(shi)，為(wei)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)，是(shi)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)爺聽政形(xing)(xing)貌(mao)所(suo)在(zai)的(de)(de)大(da)堂(tang)，殿(dian)(dian)內東(dong)西(xi)墻(qiang)壁(bi)畫有(you)(you)審判司(si)、罰惡司(si)、賞善司(si)和(he)檢察司(si)的(de)(de)畫像。含光殿(dian)(dian)又稱寢殿(dian)(dian)，明太祖朱(zhu)元璋于(yu)洪(hong)武年間(jian)(jian)封前(qian)漢紀(ji)信(xin)為(wei)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)爺，因此內部供奉紀(ji)信(xin)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)爺銅坐像，傳(chuan)說城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)是(shi)“剪惡除兇，護國保邦，監察幽(you)冥(ming)，保安黎(li)庶(shu)”的(de)(de)神靈。

保護

隨著全國重點文物保(bao)護單位(wei)—韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍廟成功順(shun)利移(yi)交給當地文物部門管理，被學(xue)校占用長達半(ban)個多世紀的(de)(de)城(cheng)隍廟終于可以重現它的(de)(de)魅力了(le)。韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍廟是(shi)我省大的(de)(de)一。

座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)古(gu)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)，占地(di)面(mian)積15500平方米，規(gui)模(mo)宏大(da)，中軸四進院落(luo)，是一組具有(you)元、明(ming)、清建筑風(feng)格的古(gu)代建筑群。由(you)于歷史(shi)原因(yin)，建國以來(lai)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)一直被作為學校(xiao)長(chang)期占用(yong)，因(yin)為地(di)處重點(dian)文物保(bao)(bao)護單位城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)內，致使學校(xiao)發展受到(dao)很大(da)限(xian)制。同時(shi)，限(xian)于資金(jin)等(deng)各方面(mian)原因(yin)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)也是年久(jiu)失修(xiu)，存在很多隱患，對文物保(bao)(bao)護非常(chang)不(bu)利。 隨著城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)移交給當地(di)文物部門管理(li)，韓城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)這座(zuo)國家級歷史(shi)文化名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)區由(you)南向北依次分布的文廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、東(dong)(dong)營廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)古(gu)建筑將會得(de)到(dao)更(geng)加完整有(you)效(xiao)的保(bao)(bao)護，從(cong)而使韓城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市博物館實(shi)施的文廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、東(dong)(dong)營廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)三廟(miao)(miao)(miao)貫通工程得(de)到(dao)順利發展。