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簡介

韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍廟(miao)位于(yu)(yu)陜西省(sheng)韓城(cheng)市金城(cheng)區東北(bei)隅，占地(di)1.56萬(wan)平(ping)方米，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積1576平(ping)方米。廟(miao)始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)隆慶五年（1571年），明(ming)萬(wan)歷五年（1577年）擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)，后多(duo)次重建(jian)(jian)。該廟(miao)坐北(bei)朝(chao)南，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)分四道院呈(cheng)“十”字形，以山門、政教坊(fang)、威明(ming)門、廣薦殿(dian)、德馨殿(dian)、靈(ling)佑殿(dian)、含光(guang)殿(dian)等構成(cheng)南北(bei)中軸線。廟(miao)中所有建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)構架(jia)均采用(yong)徹上明(ming)造(zao)，梁(liang)架(jia)仍保(bao)留叉手，前后檐多(duo)用(yong)“大(da)額”，山面(mian)(mian)用(yong)闌額和普拍枋。歇山頂收山較大(da)，形制古樸，反(fan)映了當(dang)地(di)明(ming)初建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的特(te)征。

韓(han)城城隍(huang)廟(miao)戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)坐西向(xiang)東。原(yuan)為東西兩(liang)臺(tai)(tai)，現(xian)存西臺(tai)(tai)，東臺(tai)(tai)已毀。創建于明萬歷(li)四十(shi)四年(nian)（1616），歷(li)代均有(you)重修，現(xian)保持有(you)明代建筑特征(zheng)，部(bu)(bu)分(fen)構造(zao)已改(gai)為清代法式。戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)為臺(tai)(tai)基式建筑，五(wu)架(jia)梁屋架(jia)結構。重檐(yan)十(shi)字(zi)歇山(shan)頂，灰色板(ban)、筒(tong)瓦覆蓋，琉(liu)璃牡丹置脊(ji)。山(shan)花透空，吊有(you)木(mu)制垂魚。臺(tai)(tai)以(yi)隔(ge)扇(shan)木(mu)屏(ping)將進深分(fen)作前(qian)后兩(liang)間（即(ji)前(qian)后場(chang)）。隔(ge)扇(shan)上部(bu)(bu)花心書有(you)“歌(ge)舞(wu)臺(tai)(tai)”三(san)(san)字(zi)。臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)呈長方形，通面(mian)寬(kuan)九點(dian)三(san)(san)米，總進深四點(dian)八米，臺(tai)(tai)基高出(chu)地面(mian)一點(dian)二九米。舞(wu)臺(tai)(tai)上空懸以(yi)八角覆斗(dou)形藻(zao)井，上部(bu)(bu)有(you)球形蟠龍頂心，四周施以(yi)水藻(zao)彩(cai)繪。前(qian)檐(yan)置方形木(mu)柱兩(liang)根，上托大額枋(fang)(fang)、平板(ban)枋(fang)(fang)和欄額枋(fang)(fang)。平板(ban)枋(fang)(fang)上斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)五(wu)朵，中(zhong)為補間如(ru)意斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)，余為雙斡五(wu)踩四輔(fu)作建造(zao)。頂部(bu)(bu)枋(fang)(fang)上有(you)轉角雙昂五(wu)踩斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)兩(liang)輔(fu)作，雙昂五(wu)踩補間斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)五(wu)輔(fu)作，支起上下挑檐(yan)枋(fang)(fang)和隨梁枋(fang)(fang)，架(jia)撐(cheng)四邊(bian)屋檐(yan)，出(chu)跳深遠。四角并置垂柱與(yu)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)斡相接，翹起角檐(yan)。主臺(tai)(tai)呈三(san)(san)面(mian)觀式，兩(liang)側修有(you)耳房(fang)。每年(nian)農歷(li)八月二十(shi)日為廟(miao)會(hui)日期(qi)，當地民眾須請兩(liang)臺(tai)(tai)大戲(xi)于此賽臺(tai)(tai)演出(chu)。

歷史

韓城城隍(huang)廟位(wei)于(yu)韓城市(shi)金城區東北隅文廟北鄰，始(shi)建于(yu)明(ming)隆慶五年（公(gong)元(yuan)1571年），明(ming)萬歷五年（公(gong)元(yuan)1577年）擴建，此后曾多次重建，成為韓城市(shi)一座坐北朝南的(de)四道院道教道觀。其中主要(yao)建筑有琉(liu)璃九龍照壁(bi)、東西牌坊(fang)、山門(men)、政教坊(fang)、威明(ming)門(men)、廣薦殿(dian)(dian)、德馨殿(dian)(dian)、靈佑殿(dian)(dian)和含(han)光殿(dian)(dian)等。

琉(liu)璃九龍壁位于(yu)(yu)廟(miao)前(qian)，牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)位于(yu)(yu)枝門(men)(men)(men)東西，東牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)上書額“監察(cha)(cha)幽(you)明(ming)(ming)”，西牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)上書額“保安黎(li)庶”。 廟(miao)中所有(you)建筑(zhu)構(gou)架(jia)均采(cai)用徹上明(ming)(ming)造(zao)，梁(liang)架(jia)保留叉手，前(qian)后檐(yan)(yan)(yan)多用“大額”，山(shan)(shan)(shan)面用闌(lan)額和(he)普柏枋，歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)收山(shan)(shan)(shan)較大，形(xing)制古(gu)樸，具有(you)韓城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)建筑(zhu)特(te)征。 廟(miao)門(men)(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)三門(men)(men)(men)并列的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)和(he)枝門(men)(men)(men)，正(zheng)(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)額書“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)”，門(men)(men)(men)外兩側各塑金(jin)剛神，四(si)墻面磚刻“彰善(shan)癉惡”四(si)字。山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)尾頂(ding)脊眉，鴟尾為(wei)琉(liu)璃彩色，有(you)雕龍、走(zou)獸、獅子等。 政教殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三間(jian)(jian)，在儀門(men)(men)(men)前(qian)，單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)卷(juan)棚頂(ding)抱廈(sha)式(shi)(shi)結構(gou)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)客(ke)商居貨(huo)的(de)場所。 威明(ming)(ming)門(men)(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)的(de)二(er)門(men)(men)(men)，門(men)(men)(men)房(fang)為(wei)單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)，面闊3間(jian)(jian)，明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)辟(pi)門(men)(men)(men)，次間(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“槽官(guan)”和(he)“憲天”的(de)塑像(xiang)，昭示森嚴(yan)。廣薦殿(dian)(dian)(dian)五間(jian)(jian)，具有(you)六楹，單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)現(xian)有(you)戲樓，重檐(yan)(yan)(yan)十字歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)，巍(wei)峨壯觀，是(shi)(shi)(shi)百姓進獻祭品的(de)場所。德(de)馨殿(dian)(dian)(dian)即(ji)獻殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三間(jian)(jian)，單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)結構(gou)，具有(you)四(si)楹，角(jiao)飾(shi)垂花，斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)間(jian)(jian)封(feng)面為(wei)壁面，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)兩側有(you)兩廡，各12間(jian)(jian)，斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)鋪作(zuo)奇特(te)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)縣令、縉紳、士(shi)大夫拜(bai)謁場所。 靈佑殿(dian)(dian)(dian)五間(jian)(jian)，單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)，角(jiao)飾(shi)垂花，前(qian)后兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)相鄰(lin)，形(xing)成勾(gou)心斗(dou)(dou)角(jiao)之(zhi)勢，為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍爺(ye)(ye)聽(ting)政形(xing)貌所在的(de)大堂(tang)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內東西墻壁畫(hua)有(you)審判司、罰惡司、賞善(shan)司和(he)檢察(cha)(cha)司的(de)畫(hua)像(xiang)。含光殿(dian)(dian)(dian)又(you)稱寢殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，明(ming)(ming)太祖朱(zhu)元璋(zhang)于(yu)(yu)洪武(wu)年間(jian)(jian)封(feng)前(qian)漢紀信為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍爺(ye)(ye)，因此(ci)內部供(gong)奉(feng)紀信城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍爺(ye)(ye)銅坐像(xiang)，傳說城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍是(shi)(shi)(shi)“剪惡除(chu)兇，護(hu)國(guo)保邦，監察(cha)(cha)幽(you)冥(ming)，保安黎(li)庶”的(de)神靈。

保護

隨著(zhu)全國重點(dian)文物保護單位(wei)—韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)成功順利移(yi)交(jiao)給當地文物部(bu)門管理，被學校占用(yong)長達半個多世紀(ji)的城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)終于可(ke)以重現它的魅力了。韓城(cheng)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)是我省大的一。

座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)古(gu)廟(miao)(miao)，占地面(mian)積(ji)15500平方米，規模宏大(da)，中軸四進院落，是一(yi)組具(ju)有元、明、清建(jian)筑風(feng)格的(de)(de)古(gu)代建(jian)筑群。由(you)(you)于歷史原(yuan)因(yin)，建(jian)國以來，城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)一(yi)直被作為(wei)學校長期占用，因(yin)為(wei)地處重點文物保護(hu)單位(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)內，致使學校發展受到(dao)(dao)很大(da)限制。同時，限于資金等各方面(mian)原(yuan)因(yin)，城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)也是年久失(shi)修，存在(zai)很多隱患，對文物保護(hu)非常不利(li)。 隨著城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)移交給(gei)當地文物部門(men)管理，韓城(cheng)(cheng)這座(zuo)國家級歷史文化(hua)名城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)區(qu)由(you)(you)南向(xiang)北依(yi)次(ci)分布的(de)(de)文廟(miao)(miao)、東(dong)營廟(miao)(miao)、城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)古(gu)建(jian)筑將會得(de)到(dao)(dao)更加完(wan)整有效(xiao)的(de)(de)保護(hu)，從而(er)使韓城(cheng)(cheng)市博物館實施的(de)(de)文廟(miao)(miao)、東(dong)營廟(miao)(miao)、城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)三廟(miao)(miao)貫通工(gong)程得(de)到(dao)(dao)順利(li)發展。