簡介
1713年(nian)(清(qing)康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)五十二(er)年(nian)),諸蒙古王公為(wei)慶(qing)賀康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)帝60壽辰,上(shang)(shang)書“奏請(qing)”在承德避暑山(shan)莊外,圍建一寺(si)(si)(si)院作慶(qing)壽盛會之所。康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)帝欣然“恩準(zhun)”,遂建造了(le)溥(pu)仁、溥(pu)善二(er)寺(si)(si)(si)。溥(pu)善寺(si)(si)(si)早已荒廢(fei),溥(pu)仁寺(si)(si)(si)便成(cheng)康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)年(nian)間僅存(cun)的廟宇。溥(pu)通普(pu),普(pu)遍(bian)、廣大意,有皇帝深仁厚愛普(pu)及天下(xia)之意。慈云普(pu)陰殿(dian),單檐(yan)歇山(shan)頂(ding),描金(jin)彩繪,雕梁畫棟,光(guang)彩奪目。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)供過(guo)去(qu)佛迦(jia)葉佛、如今佛釋(shi)迦(jia)牟(mou)尼佛、未(wei)來佛彌勒佛。釋(shi)迦(jia)佛兩(liang)側為(wei)其(qi)兩(liang)大弟(di)子迦(jia)葉和阿難。東西(xi)壇上(shang)(shang)供姿態各異的十八羅(luo)漢(han)。天花板上(shang)(shang)有密宗六字真言(yan)。寶相長新(xin)殿(dian),單檐(yan)硬山(shan)布(bu)瓦頂(ding),檐(yan)柱(zhu)描金(jin)彩繪。內(nei)(nei)供9尊無(wu)量壽佛。
溥仁寺
歷史背景
溥(pu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)、溥(pu)善(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)位(wei)避(bi)暑山莊東(dong),武烈(lie)河(he)東(dong)岸(an)。溥(pu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)前,占(zhan)地(di)3.4公(gong)(gong)頃,俗稱前寺(si)(si)(si)(si);溥(pu)善(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)后(hou),占(zhan)地(di)1.1公(gong)(gong)頃,俗稱后(hou)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)。溥(pu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)、溥(pu)善(shan)是外(wai)八廟中(zhong)康熙年(nian)(nian)間建(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩座(zuo)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)廟。1690年(nian)(nian)(康熙二(er)十九年(nian)(nian))取得(de)了(le)(le)平(ping)息厄(e)魯(lu)特蒙古準葛爾(er)部(bu)民族分裂分子噶爾(er)丹(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判亂勝利(li)。到1713年(nian)(nian)(康熙五十二(er)年(nian)(nian)),漠(mo)北、漠(mo)南、喀爾(er)喀等(deng)蒙古地(di)區出現了(le)(le)20余(yu)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安定局(ju)面(mian),發展了(le)(le)這些地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牧業(ye)生產,密切(qie)了(le)(le)蒙古各部(bu)與清中(zhong)央(yang)政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)。這一年(nian)(nian)是康熙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60壽(shou)辰,“眾蒙古部(bu)落,咸至(zhi)闕(que)廷,奉行朝賀,不(bu)謀同辭(ci),具疏(shu)陳墾,愿(yuan)建(jian)剎宇,為聯(lian)祝(zhu)厘”,康熙允其所請,于(yu)是年(nian)(nian)在(zai)熱河(he)建(jian)造了(le)(le)這兩座(zuo)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)廟,供蒙古諸部(bu)大聚會使用,取“寓施(shi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)政于(yu)遠荒”之意分別(bie)題名“溥(pu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)”、“溥(pu)善(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)”。
建筑特色
溥仁寺
溥(pu)仁寺按標(biao)準的漢(han)式迦藍(lan)七(qi)(qi)堂規制建(jian)造(zao),山(shan)門面闊三(san)(san)楹(ying)(ying),進(jin)深(shen)兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),兩(liang)側(ce)設腰(yao)門。進(jin)山(shan)門東西兩(liang)側(ce)立幢桿各一(yi),幢桿北擺鐘、鼓樓。山(shan)門正北為(wei)天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian),面闊三(san)(san)楹(ying)(ying),進(jin)深(shen)兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),兩(liang)側(ce)設腰(yao)墻。腰(yao)門與后部相隔,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)進(jin)院落。二(er)進(jin)院落正北為(wei)正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)名(ming)大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian),門額(e)“慈云(yun)普蔭(yin)”,面闊七(qi)(qi)楹(ying)(ying),進(jin)深(shen)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),周(zhou)圍廊,前(qian)(qian)后檐(yan)(yan)明次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設隔扇(shan)門,前(qian)(qian)據稍間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設檻窗,后檐(yan)(yan)稍間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)封(feng)實(shi)墻。檐(yan)(yan)下用重昂(ang)五踩(cai)斗拱,單檐(yan)(yan)歇山(shan),黃琉(liu)璃(li)瓦頂。中三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后老檐(yan)(yan)前(qian)(qian)增設金柱四根,柱之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)封(feng)屏(ping)壁(bi),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)夾(jia)道通(tong)后院。屏(ping)壁(bi)前(qian)(qian)供(gong)(gong)主(zhu)尊三(san)(san)世佛(fo),左右(you)山(shan)墻置(zhi)壇,供(gong)(gong)十八(ba)羅(luo)漢(han),這些佛(fo)像均(jun)用昂(ang)貴的髹漆夾(jia)擰塑(su)造(zao)。墻壁(bi)不施彩繪,頂棚設“六字真言”井口(kou)天花。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)橫(heng)額(e)“具大自在”,條幅“以清凈(jing)果(guo)證因護持斯(si)萬,現廣長舌(she)說法聲震大千”。慈云(yun)普蔭(yin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)東西各立御制石碑一(yi)通(tong),記述(shu)建(jian)廟(miao)背景(jing),左右(you)有配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),面闊各五楹(ying)(ying),進(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。過慈云(yun)普蔭(yin)為(wei)三(san)(san)進(jin)院落,主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)名(ming)寶相長新,面闊九楹(ying)(ying),進(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。中三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設廊,每間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)裝隔扇(shan),其(qi)余設檻窗,檐(yan)(yan)下施三(san)(san)踩(cai)單昂(ang)斗拱,布瓦硬山(shan)屋頂。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)供(gong)(gong)9尊無量(liang)壽佛(fo),表九九萬壽。井口(kou)天花為(wei)六字真言圖案。主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian)有東西配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)各五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均(jun)由廊廡與后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)相連,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)三(san)(san)面封(feng)閉(bi)的院落。三(san)(san)進(jin)院落之(zhi)(zhi)后有大塊平地,廣植松、榆(yu),今無存。
其他相關·溥(pu)善寺形制大體與溥(pu)仁寺相(xiang)同,不(bu)同的(de)是正殿北面,依山勢造佛樓七楹,同時在每進建筑之間都(dou)用腰墻加以隔斷,形成從山門以后是四(si)進三合(he)院的(de)形式(shi)。今該廟已無存。
·2001年06月25日(ri),溥仁寺作(zuo)為(wei)清代(dai)古建筑,已被國務(wu)院(yuan)批(pi)(pi)準列(lie)入第五批(pi)(pi)全國重點文物(wu)保護單位名(ming)單。