歷史沿革
最早的(de)城隍廟(miao)見(jian)于三國吳赤烏二年(nian)(239)建的(de)蕪湖城隍廟(miao)。歷(li)史上有唐人張說、
李(li)德裕(yu)、李(li)陽冰、杜牧等(deng)祭祀(si)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)的(de)文(wen)(wen)獻記載。宋代以后,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)開始人(ren)格化、多以去世后的(de)英雄或名臣奉為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen),如蘇州祀(si)戰(zhan)國時春申君黃歇,上海祀(si)秦裕(yu)伯,北京祀(si)文(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥、楊椒山,杭州祀(si)周新(xin),會稽祀(si)龐(pang)王(wang),南寧、桂林祀(si)蘇緘(jian)等(deng)。后唐末帝清泰元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(934)封城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為王(wang)爵。明(ming)太祖洪武元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1368)則下旨(zhi)封開封、臨(lin)濠、束和、平滁四(si)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為王(wang),職(zhi)(zhi)位正(zheng)一品,與人(ren)間的(de)太師、太傅、太保“三(san)公(gong)(gong)”和左、右丞相平級,又封各(ge)府、州、縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為公(gong)(gong)、侯、伯,即府城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為監察(cha)司(si)氏(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)威靈(ling)公(gong)(gong),職(zhi)(zhi)位正(zheng)二品;州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為監察(cha)司(si)氏(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)顯佑侯,職(zhi)(zhi)位正(zheng)三(san)品;縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為監察(cha)司(si)氏(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)顯佑伯,職(zhi)(zhi)位正(zheng)四(si)品,并且重(zhong)建(jian)各(ge)地(di)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao),規模高廣(guang)與當地(di)官(guan)署(shu)衙門(men)完全(quan)一樣,還(huan)按級別(bie)配(pei)制冕旒哀服(fu)。明(ming)太祖洪武三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1370)正(zheng)祀(si)典,詔去封號(hao),只稱“某(mou)(mou)府或某(mou)(mou)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)之神(shen),又令各(ge)地(di)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)不得(de)雜(za)祀(si)其他之神(shen)。據說明(ming)太祖朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋出生在土地(di)廟(miao)里,所以他對(dui)土地(di)廟(miao)以及土地(di)的(de)“上司(si)”城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)極為崇敬。明(ming)孝(xiao)宗年(nian)(nian)間(1488—1506),莆田抗(kang)(kang)元(yuan)(yuan)英雄陳文(wen)(wen)龍(long)(1232—1277)被封為福州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)爺(ye),其從叔抗(kang)(kang)元(yuan)(yuan)英雄陳瓚(1232—1277)被封為興化府城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)爺(ye)。
在原(yuan)莆(pu)田縣內(nei),有創建于明洪武二年(1369),位(wei)于城內(nei)長壽街廟(miao)前巷的興化府城隍廟(miao),由照墻、外(wai)埕、大(da)門、甬(yong)道、儀門、中門、正殿(dian)(dian)、后殿(dian)(dian)及兩廂護厝等(deng)組成,占地(di)面積24畝(mu)(一(yi)說18畝(mu)),與興化府衙,莆(pu)田縣衙一(yi)樣(yang)大(da),為(wei)莆(pu)田五大(da)宮廟(miao)之(zhi)一(yi);主祀(si)城隍大(da)神陳(chen)瓚,俗稱城隍爺(ye)。該廟(miao)現為(wei)福建省級重點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei)。
歷史文化
這是一座典型的漢(han)式(shi)寺(si)(si)廟(miao),格局簡煉。一如(ru)隨意散落在江南某個小(xiao)鎮的庵院廟(miao)堂,但是稍加(jia)留(liu)意便可(ke)看出(chu)這座寺(si)(si)廟(miao)的氣度與眾不同。首先廟(miao)前高懸(xuan)的道幡說(shuo)明這是一座道教寺(si)(si)廟(miao),這在熱河(he)街上可(ke)謂鳳毛(mao)麟角。遍布避(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)莊周圍的多為藏傳(chuan)佛教寺(si)(si)廟(miao),而修建這樣一座道教寺(si)(si)廟(miao)則是出(chu)于對漢(han)族群眾宗教信(xin)仰的尊重,同時由(you)乾隆欽定“熱河(he)都城隍廟(miao)”似可(ke)說(shuo)明古(gu)熱河(he)在當時社會的政(zheng)治地(di)位。
熱河(he)(he)(he)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)黃(huang)琉璃披頂,彩(cai)飾飛揚(yang),有意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)顯(xian)示它傲然(ran)于(yu)各地(di)(di)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)尊貴。現內(nei)設(she)神(shen)像近九十(shi)(shi)座(zuo)(zuo),除(chu)“天下第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”外,其余各殿供(gong)奉(feng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)、武(wu)、義、財神(shen)、孔子、朱(zhu)熹、文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝君和極具特色的(de)(de)(de)六十(shi)(shi)甲(jia)子神(shen)。主體(ti)建(jian)筑福蔭(yin)嚴疆(jiang)殿供(gong)奉(feng)著一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)坐(zuo)像,面目(mu)慈(ci)善,號稱(cheng)“天下第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)”。傳(chuan)說(shuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)是(shi)康熙皇(huang)帝十(shi)(shi)七皇(huang)子允(yun)(yun)禮(li)(li)(li),允(yun)(yun)禮(li)(li)(li)自(zi)幼(you)豁達識體(ti),不參(can)與(yu)(yu)皇(huang)權之爭(zheng)。且又聰明持(chi)重(zhong),政(zheng)績(ji)(ji)斐然(ran)。他死(si)后,乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)隆帝深感若失股肱(gong)。乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)隆三十(shi)(shi)七年值(zhi)工(gong)部尚(shang)書周(zhou)(zhou)禮(li)(li)(li)元理(li)奏(zou)請修(xiu)建(jian)熱河(he)(he)(he)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)隆下旨撥款(kuan)施工(gong),封允(yun)(yun)禮(li)(li)(li)為熱河(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)。 這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)漢式(shi)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),格(ge)局(ju)簡煉。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)如隨意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)散落(luo)在(zai)(zai)江南某個小鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)庵(an)院廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)堂(tang),但是(shi)稍加留意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)便可看(kan)(kan)出這(zhe)(zhe)座(zuo)(zuo)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)氣度與(yu)(yu)眾不同。 首先廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前高懸的(de)(de)(de)道幡說(shuo)明這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)道教(jiao)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),這(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)熱河(he)(he)(he)街上可謂(wei)鳳毛麟角(jiao)。遍布避暑山莊周(zhou)(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)為藏傳(chuan)佛(fo)教(jiao)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),而修(xiu)建(jian)這(zhe)(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)道教(jiao)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)則(ze)是(shi)出于(yu)對漢族群眾宗教(jiao)信仰的(de)(de)(de)尊重(zhong),同時由乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)隆欽定(ding)“熱河(he)(he)(he)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”似可說(shuo)明古熱河(he)(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)當(dang)時社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治地(di)(di)位。熱河(he)(he)(he)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)黃(huang)琉璃披頂,彩(cai)飾飛揚(yang),有意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)顯(xian)示它傲然(ran)于(yu)各地(di)(di)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)尊貴。現內(nei)設(she)神(shen)像近九十(shi)(shi)座(zuo)(zuo),除(chu)“天下第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”外,其余各殿供(gong)奉(feng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)、武(wu)、義、財神(shen)、孔子、朱(zhu)熹、文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝君和極具特色的(de)(de)(de)六十(shi)(shi)甲(jia)子神(shen)。主體(ti)建(jian)筑福蔭(yin)嚴疆(jiang)殿供(gong)奉(feng)著一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)坐(zuo)像,面目(mu)慈(ci)善,號稱(cheng)“天下第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)”。 傳(chuan)說(shuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)是(shi)康熙皇(huang)帝十(shi)(shi)七皇(huang)子允(yun)(yun)禮(li)(li)(li),允(yun)(yun)禮(li)(li)(li)自(zi)幼(you)豁達識體(ti),不參(can)與(yu)(yu)皇(huang)權之爭(zheng)。且又聰明持(chi)重(zhong),政(zheng)績(ji)(ji)斐然(ran)。他死(si)后,乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)隆帝深感若失股肱(gong)。乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)隆三十(shi)(shi)七年值(zhi)工(gong)部尚(shang)書周(zhou)(zhou)禮(li)(li)(li)元理(li)奏(zou)請修(xiu)建(jian)熱河(he)(he)(he)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)隆下旨撥款(kuan)施工(gong),封允(yun)(yun)禮(li)(li)(li)為熱河(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)。 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)現為承德市為數不多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)道教(jiao)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),風格(ge)有別于(yu)外八廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),很值(zhi)得(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)(kan)。
城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang),起源于古(gu)代的(de)(de)水(隍(huang))庸(城(cheng)(cheng))的(de)(de)祭(ji)祀(si),為(wei)(wei)《周(zhou)宮》八神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)一。“城(cheng)(cheng)”原指(zhi)挖土筑的(de)(de)高墻,“隍(huang)”原指(zhi)沒有水的(de)(de)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)壕。古(gu)人造城(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)內百姓(xing)的(de)(de)安全,所以修了高大的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)墻、城(cheng)(cheng)樓、城(cheng)(cheng)門以及壕城(cheng)(cheng)、護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)河。他們認為(wei)(wei)與人們的(de)(de)生(sheng)活、生(sheng)產安全密切相關的(de)(de)事物,都有神(shen)在,于是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)和隍(huang)被神(shen)化為(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)神(shen)。道教把它納(na)入自己的(de)(de)神(shen)系,稱它是(shi)剪(jian)除兇惡、保(bao)國護(hu)邦之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen),并管領陰間的(de)(de)亡魂。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)是自然神(shen)(shen),凡有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池者,就(jiu)建有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)。最早的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)見于三(san)(san)國吳赤烏二年(nian)(239)建的(de)(de)(de)蕪(wu)湖城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)。歷史上(shang)有唐(tang)人張說(shuo)、李德裕(yu)、李陽冰、杜牧等祭祀(si)(si)(si)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)文獻記載。宋代以后(hou),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)開始人格化、多(duo)以去世后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)英雄或名臣奉為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen),如蘇州祀(si)(si)(si)戰國時春(chun)申君黃(huang)歇,上(shang)海(hai)祀(si)(si)(si)秦裕(yu)伯,北京祀(si)(si)(si)文天(tian)祥、楊椒山,杭州祀(si)(si)(si)周新,會稽祀(si)(si)(si)龐王,南寧、桂林祀(si)(si)(si)蘇緘(jian)等。后(hou)唐(tang)末帝清泰元(yuan)年(nian)(934)封(feng)(feng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為王爵。明(ming)太祖(zu)洪武元(yuan)年(nian)(1368)則下旨(zhi)封(feng)(feng)開封(feng)(feng)、臨濠、束(shu)和、平滁(chu)四城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為王,職位正(zheng)一(yi)品(pin),與人間的(de)(de)(de)太師、太傅、太保“三(san)(san)公”和左(zuo)、右丞相(xiang)平級,又(you)封(feng)(feng)各(ge)府(fu)、州、縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為公、侯、伯,即府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為監察司氏城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)威靈公,職位正(zheng)二品(pin);州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為監察司氏城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)顯佑(you)侯,職位正(zheng)三(san)(san)品(pin);縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為監察司氏城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)顯佑(you)伯,職位正(zheng)四品(pin),并且重建各(ge)地(di)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao),規(gui)模高廣(guang)與當(dang)地(di)官署衙門完全一(yi)樣,還按級別配(pei)制冕(mian)旒哀(ai)服。明(ming)太祖(zu)洪武三(san)(san)年(nian)(1370)正(zheng)祀(si)(si)(si)典(dian),詔去封(feng)(feng)號,只(zhi)稱“某(mou)府(fu)或某(mou)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)之(zhi)神(shen)(shen),又(you)令各(ge)地(di)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)不得雜祀(si)(si)(si)其他之(zhi)神(shen)(shen)。據說(shuo)明(ming)太祖(zu)朱元(yuan)璋出(chu)生(sheng)在土地(di)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)里,所以他對土地(di)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)以及土地(di)的(de)(de)(de)“上(shang)司”城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)極為崇敬。明(ming)孝(xiao)宗年(nian)間(1488—1506),莆(pu)田抗元(yuan)英雄陳文龍(long)(1232—1277)被(bei)封(feng)(feng)為福州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)爺,其從叔(shu)抗元(yuan)英雄陳瓚(zan)(1232—1277)被(bei)封(feng)(feng)為興化府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)爺。
特色
城隍廟現為承(cheng)德市為數不多的一家道(dao)教(jiao)寺廟,風格有(you)(you)別(bie)于外八廟,很(hen)值得一看。這里每日上午9:00-10:00有(you)(you)道(dao)教(jiao)法事活動,且每逢(feng)重大道(dao)教(jiao)節(jie)日,必舉行(xing)道(dao)教(jiao)法會慶賀。
旅游交通
城隍廟(miao)位于(yu)西大街路(lu)北,出避暑山(shan)莊沿麗正門大街西行至火神廟(miao)處,右轉上西大街再(zai)走(zou)約1公(gong)里。也可(ke)乘(cheng)5路(lu)、7路(lu)公(gong)交(jiao)車到中醫院下車即(ji)到,乘(cheng)小公(gong)共汽車或打(da)車更為方便(bian)。