揚(yang)州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址位于江蘇省揚(yang)州(zhou)市西北蜀(shu)崗(gang)上。春(chun)秋時吳王(wang)夫差始筑邗城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),歷代相繼修(xiu)筑,隋唐時已擴建至蜀(shu)崗(gang)下的(de)(de)平原上,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)僅次于京城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)繁華商業城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址分為(wei)子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)羅城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩部分。兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)毗連,子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在蜀(shu)崗(gang)上,稱牙城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),即衙(ya)(ya)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),為(wei)官(guan)衙(ya)(ya)聚集處。羅城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在蜀(shu)崗(gang)下子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)東南,又稱大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),是住(zhu)宅(zhai)區和(he)商業區。現(xian)存子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址、土垣。1984年(nian)以來多次發掘(jue),明(ming)確(que)了(le)(le)子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)羅城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)四面城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)、九座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內道(dao)路(lu)、建筑址等(deng),同時探明(ming)了(le)(le)宋代揚(yang)州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系有三(san)個關(guan)系密(mi)切的(de)(de)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、夾城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、堡誠組成(cheng)(cheng)。
揚州城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址由大城(cheng)(cheng)和小城(cheng)(cheng)相連組成,總面(mian)積(ji)約(yue)20平方公里。大城(cheng)(cheng)又名(ming)“羅城(cheng)(cheng)”,始建于唐代(dai)(dai)(dai)中晚期,城(cheng)(cheng)內分為商業區(qu)和居民區(qu),包磚砌(qi)筑的(de)南門遺(yi)址外有甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)墻局(ju)部殘高3米。小城(cheng)(cheng)又名(ming)“子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)”,是利用隋代(dai)(dai)(dai)宮城(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)加修筑而成的(de),是當時的(de)衙署區(qu),平面(mian)呈(cheng)不規則多(duo)邊形,辟(pi)有4座城(cheng)(cheng)門,城(cheng)(cheng)墻遺(yi)跡清(qing)晰(xi),范圍走向明確(que)。遺(yi)址內還發現有唐代(dai)(dai)(dai)木船、古河道、橋梁以及佛像、碑刻(ke)等大量(liang)遺(yi)跡、遺(yi)物。
揚州城遺址的發現,對(dui)(dui)于研究中(zhong)國古(gu)代的城市規劃、交通貿易、佛(fo)教藝術(shu)以及(ji)對(dui)(dui)外文化交流等方面,具(ju)有重要的意義。(國家文物局)
國(guo)家(jia)(jia)文(wen)物(wu)局昨公布了(le)第(di)一批國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考(kao)古遺址公園(yuan)名(ming)單(dan)和立項名(ming)單(dan)。揚(yang)州城(cheng)考(kao)古遺址公園(yuan)被(bei)列入立項名(ming)單(dan)。這(zhe)是繼1996年被(bei)國(guo)務院公布為全國(guo)重點文(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei)后,揚(yang)州城(cheng)遺址獲得的又一國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)重大榮譽。
國(guo)家(jia)考(kao)古遺(yi)址公園,是國(guo)家(jia)推行的(de)大遺(yi)址保(bao)護的(de)新模式,是指以(yi)重要考(kao)古遺(yi)址及(ji)其(qi)背景(jing)環(huan)境(jing)為主體,具(ju)有科(ke)研(yan)、教(jiao)育、游憩等功能,在(zai)考(kao)古遺(yi)址保(bao)護和展示方面具(ju)有全國(guo)性示范意義的(de)特(te)定公共空間。
揚(yang)州城遺址(隋(sui)至(zhi)宋),全國(guo)重點文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位且為現代(dai)揚(yang)州城所完全疊壓(ya),它的發(fa)掘和保(bao)護(hu)(hu)為世人所矚目,并(bing)被國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)改委(wei)和國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物(wu)局列入“十一五”期間100處國(guo)家(jia)重點大(da)遺址保(bao)護(hu)(hu)專項。
今(jin)年6月18日,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)局(ju)面向全國(guo)(guo)開展(zhan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)考古遺址公園(yuan)評(ping)定,經省級文(wen)物(wu)(wu)行政部門初(chu)審同意,報國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)局(ju)參加評(ping)定。申(shen)報對象均為全國(guo)(guo)重點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位,競爭非常(chang)激(ji)烈。
國(guo)家(jia)(jia)最終確定第一(yi)(yi)批(pi)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考古遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)12項,其(qi)中(zhong)包(bao)括圓明園(yuan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考古遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)、周口店國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考古遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan),江蘇(su)僅鴻山國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考古遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)“上榜”;第一(yi)(yi)批(pi)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考古遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)立(li)項項目23項,江蘇(su)僅揚州城考古遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)在列。