簡介
建于(yu)(yu)(yu)南(nan)(nan)宋末年,清(qing)末重修。大(da)門(men)門(men)額題“西域(yu)(yu)先(xian)(xian)賢(xian)(xian)普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)丁之墓(mu)”。據傳(chuan),普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)丁系伊斯蘭教(jiao)先(xian)(xian)知穆罕默德女婿阿里支系第(di)16世裔孫。南(nan)(nan)宋咸淳年間(1265~1274)來揚州傳(chuan)教(jiao),德祜元(yuan)年(1275)7月20日(ri)病(bing)逝于(yu)(yu)(yu)由天津南(nan)(nan)下的(de)(de)舟中。遵其囑葬(zang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)揚州城東古運(yun)河畔高崗。內部建筑分寺院(yuan)、墓(mu)域(yu)(yu)兩部分,寺院(yuan)包括禮拜(bai)堂和水房。墓(mu)域(yu)(yu)葬(zang)有普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)丁、法(fa)(fa)納(na)兩墓(mu)亭及(ji)其他(ta)多(duo)人墳墓(mu),墓(mu)碑上刻文(wen):“宋德祐(you)元(yuan)年西域(yu)(yu)至圣一十六世后裔大(da)先(xian)(xian)賢(xian)(xian)補哈(ha)丁;宋景炎三年西域(yu)(yu)先(xian)(xian)賢(xian)(xian)撒敢達,明(ming)成化(hua)元(yuan)年西域(yu)(yu)大(da)賢(xian)(xian)馬哈(ha)謨(mo)德,明(ming)成化(hua)五年西域(yu)(yu)先(xian)(xian)賢(xian)(xian)賈瑪魯(lu)丁,明(ming)弘治十一年先(xian)(xian)賢(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)納(na)。”另有明(ming)代穆斯林的(de)(de)墓(mu)塔與墳墓(mu)。
建筑特色
普哈丁墓(mu)為阿拉(la)伯式(shi)建筑,其平面(mian)呈方(fang)形,面(mian)積約14平方(fang)米,亭高3.5米。內部為圓拱頂(ding)(ding)(ding),外部為四角攢頂(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)筒瓦頂(ding)(ding)(ding)。四面(mian)磚墻每(mei)面(mian)各有(you)(you)一(yi)拱門(men),墓(mu)在墓(mu)亭中央,上有(you)(you)五(wu)級矩(ju)形青石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding),四周(zhou)刻有(you)(you)《古蘭經(jing)》銘文(wen)。墓(mu)院(yuan)入(ru)口通道內,立有(you)(you)光緒三十四年(1908)普哈丁傳記的(de)石(shi)(shi)碑《先(xian)賢(xian)歷史記略(lve)碑》。在墓(mu)域中,有(you)(you)一(yi)堵大封頂(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)的(de)矮墻上鑲嵌(qian)有(you)(you)四通元代阿拉(la)伯人的(de)墓(mu)碑。系1927年拆(chai)除揚(yang)州南門(men)外擋馬樓時掘出(chu),后移至此處。
歷史來源
普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan),俗(su)名回回堂,位于揚州市區解放橋南(nan)(nan)(nan)堍、古運河東岸崗上。普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁,相(xiang)傳(chuan)為(wei)穆(mu)罕默德圣人(ren)第十六世裔(yi)孫,南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋(song)咸(xian)淳年間(1265-1274年)來揚州傳(chuan)教,此墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)原(yuan)是專為(wei)安葬普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁的(de),后又(you)陸續安葬了(le)一些(xie)阿(a)拉伯人(ren)。是一座典型的(de)阿(a)拉伯式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑,初建(jian)(jian)(jian)于公元(yuan)十三世紀的(de)我國(guo)(guo)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋(song)時期,明永樂皇帝視墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)寶(bao),下詔(zhao)予以保護。清政府也(ye)對墓(mu)(mu)亭(ting)進行了(le)多次修建(jian)(jian)(jian),亭(ting)壁上還(huan)嵌有(you)光緒(xu)三十四年重(zhong)修墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)時建(jian)(jian)(jian)立的(de)"先賢歷史記略碑(bei)",碑(bei)文(wen)用(yong)漢字刻定(ding),簡要(yao)記敘了(le)普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁在我國(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)教的(de)情(qing)況。墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)坐(zuo)東朝西,墓(mu)(mu)亭(ting)為(wei)阿(a)拉伯制(zhi)式。正門(men)(men)臨(lin)河,門(men)(men)額刻石(shi)為(wei)"西域先賢普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁之墓(mu)(mu)"下署(shu)"乾隆丙辰重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)"。門(men)(men)廳(ting)(ting)3楹(ying)南(nan)(nan)(nan)側,為(wei)清真(zhen)寺,面東南(nan)(nan)(nan)楹(ying)。沿石(shi)階抵"天方矩矱(huo)"墓(mu)(mu)域門(men)(men)廳(ting)(ting),廳(ting)(ting)3楹(ying)為(wei)四角攢尖頂(ding)。庭院中,有(you)北(bei)軒、東軒各3楹(ying)。北(bei)軒附近(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)相(xiang)對墓(mu)(mu)亭(ting)兩座。亭(ting)后即普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁墓(mu)(mu)亭(ting)。亭(ting)平面呈方形(xing),四壁設拱門(men)(men),四角攢尖板瓦(wa)頂(ding),內層呈拱球頂(ding)。墓(mu)(mu)葬于亭(ting)中央(yang)地下,地面用(yong)青石(shi)砌成五級矩形(xing)墓(mu)(mu)塔。
墓(mu)(mu)亭(ting)東北植有(you)700多年樹齡的(de)銀(yin)杏1株,老干虬枝,姿態奇特。整個墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)建筑分(fen)三(san)部(bu)分(fen)。第(di)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)墓(mu)(mu)域(yu),內有(you)普哈丁墓(mu)(mu)及其他阿(a)拉(la)伯人的(de)墓(mu)(mu)碑;第(di)二部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)清真寺,是教(jiao)徒們做禮拜的(de)活動場所;第(di)三(san)部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)東郊(jiao)公園(yuan)。此(ci)外墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)里還(huan)集中保存了一(yi)些我國元代(dai)遺留下(xia)來的(de)阿(a)拉(la)伯文墓(mu)(mu)碑。