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簡介

建于(yu)南(nan)宋(song)(song)末(mo)年(nian)，清(qing)末(mo)重(zhong)修。大門(men)門(men)額題“西(xi)(xi)(xi)域先(xian)賢(xian)普(pu)哈丁之墓(mu)(mu)(mu)”。據(ju)傳，普(pu)哈丁系伊斯(si)蘭教先(xian)知穆罕(han)默德(de)女婿阿里支系第16世裔孫。南(nan)宋(song)(song)咸(xian)淳年(nian)間(1265～1274)來揚州傳教，德(de)祜(hu)元年(nian)(1275)7月(yue)20日病逝(shi)于(yu)由天津南(nan)下的(de)舟中(zhong)。遵其囑(zhu)葬于(yu)揚州城(cheng)東古(gu)運河畔高崗。內(nei)部(bu)建筑分寺院、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)域兩(liang)部(bu)分，寺院包括禮拜堂和水(shui)房。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)域葬有(you)普(pu)哈丁、法(fa)納兩(liang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)亭(ting)及其他多人墳墓(mu)(mu)(mu)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)碑(bei)上刻文：“宋(song)(song)德(de)祐(you)元年(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)域至圣(sheng)一十(shi)六世后裔大先(xian)賢(xian)補哈丁；宋(song)(song)景炎(yan)三年(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)域先(xian)賢(xian)撒敢達(da)，明成化元年(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)域大賢(xian)馬哈謨德(de)，明成化五年(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)域先(xian)賢(xian)賈瑪(ma)魯丁，明弘(hong)治(zhi)十(shi)一年(nian)先(xian)賢(xian)法(fa)納。”另有(you)明代穆斯(si)林的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)塔與墳墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。

建筑特色

普(pu)哈丁墓為(wei)阿(a)拉伯(bo)(bo)式建筑，其平面(mian)呈方(fang)(fang)形，面(mian)積約14平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，亭(ting)高3．5米(mi)。內(nei)部為(wei)圓(yuan)拱(gong)頂(ding)(ding)，外(wai)部為(wei)四(si)角(jiao)攢(zan)頂(ding)(ding)式筒瓦頂(ding)(ding)。四(si)面(mian)磚墻每(mei)面(mian)各有一(yi)拱(gong)門(men)，墓在墓亭(ting)中(zhong)央，上有五級矩形青(qing)石墓頂(ding)(ding)，四(si)周刻有《古蘭經(jing)》銘文。墓院入口通(tong)道內(nei)，立有光緒三十四(si)年(nian)(1908)普(pu)哈丁傳記的石碑(bei)《先賢歷史記略(lve)碑(bei)》。在墓域中(zhong)，有一(yi)堵大封頂(ding)(ding)式的矮墻上鑲嵌有四(si)通(tong)元(yuan)代阿(a)拉伯(bo)(bo)人(ren)的墓碑(bei)。系1927年(nian)拆除揚州南門(men)外(wai)擋(dang)馬樓時掘出，后移至(zhi)此處(chu)。

歷史來源

普(pu)哈(ha)丁墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)，俗(su)名回(hui)回(hui)堂(tang)，位于(yu)揚州市區(qu)解放橋南(nan)(nan)堍、古運河東(dong)(dong)岸崗上。普(pu)哈(ha)丁，相(xiang)傳為(wei)(wei)穆罕(han)默(mo)德圣人(ren)第十六世裔孫，南(nan)(nan)宋咸(xian)淳(chun)年(nian)間(jian)（1265－1274年(nian)）來(lai)揚州傳教，此墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)原是(shi)專為(wei)(wei)安(an)葬普(pu)哈(ha)丁的，后(hou)又陸續安(an)葬了(le)一(yi)(yi)些阿拉(la)伯(bo)人(ren)。是(shi)一(yi)(yi)座典型(xing)的阿拉(la)伯(bo)式(shi)建(jian)筑，初建(jian)于(yu)公元十三世紀的我國(guo)南(nan)(nan)宋時期(qi)，明永樂皇帝(di)視墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)寶，下詔予以(yi)保護。清(qing)政(zheng)府(fu)也對(dui)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)亭進行了(le)多(duo)次修建(jian)，亭壁(bi)上還嵌有(you)(you)光(guang)緒三十四(si)(si)年(nian)重修墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)時建(jian)立的"先賢(xian)歷史記略(lve)碑"，碑文用(yong)漢字(zi)刻定，簡要記敘了(le)普(pu)哈(ha)丁在我國(guo)傳教的情況。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)坐(zuo)東(dong)(dong)朝西(xi)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)亭為(wei)(wei)阿拉(la)伯(bo)制式(shi)。正門臨河，門額(e)刻石(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)"西(xi)域先賢(xian)普(pu)哈(ha)丁之墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)"下署(shu)"乾(qian)隆(long)丙(bing)辰(chen)重建(jian)"。門廳(ting)3楹(ying)(ying)南(nan)(nan)側，為(wei)(wei)清(qing)真寺(si)，面(mian)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)楹(ying)(ying)。沿石(shi)(shi)階(jie)抵(di)"天(tian)方(fang)矩矱(huo)"墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)域門廳(ting)，廳(ting)3楹(ying)(ying)為(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)角(jiao)攢尖頂(ding)。庭院中，有(you)(you)北(bei)軒(xuan)、東(dong)(dong)軒(xuan)各(ge)3楹(ying)(ying)。北(bei)軒(xuan)附近建(jian)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)相(xiang)對(dui)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)亭兩座。亭后(hou)即普(pu)哈(ha)丁墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)亭。亭平(ping)面(mian)呈(cheng)方(fang)形(xing)，四(si)(si)壁(bi)設拱門，四(si)(si)角(jiao)攢尖板瓦頂(ding)，內層(ceng)呈(cheng)拱球(qiu)頂(ding)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬于(yu)亭中央地下，地面(mian)用(yong)青(qing)石(shi)(shi)砌成五(wu)級(ji)矩形(xing)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)塔。

墓(mu)亭東(dong)北(bei)植(zhi)有700多年樹(shu)齡的(de)(de)銀杏1株，老干(gan)虬(qiu)枝，姿(zi)態奇特(te)。整(zheng)個墓(mu)園建筑(zhu)分三(san)部(bu)分。第(di)一部(bu)分為墓(mu)域，內有普哈丁墓(mu)及(ji)其(qi)他阿拉(la)伯(bo)人的(de)(de)墓(mu)碑(bei)；第(di)二部(bu)分為清(qing)真寺(si)，是(shi)教徒們做禮拜的(de)(de)活動場所；第(di)三(san)部(bu)分為東(dong)郊公園。此外墓(mu)園里還集中(zhong)保(bao)存了一些我國元代(dai)遺留下來的(de)(de)阿拉(la)伯(bo)文墓(mu)碑(bei)。