簡介
建于(yu)南宋(song)(song)末年,清末重修。大門門額(e)題“西域(yu)先賢(xian)(xian)普哈丁(ding)之墓(mu)(mu)”。據(ju)傳(chuan)(chuan),普哈丁(ding)系(xi)伊斯蘭教先知(zhi)穆(mu)罕默德女婿(xu)阿里支系(xi)第16世裔孫。南宋(song)(song)咸(xian)淳年間(jian)(1265~1274)來揚州傳(chuan)(chuan)教,德祜元(yuan)(yuan)年(1275)7月(yue)20日病逝(shi)于(yu)由天津南下(xia)的舟中。遵其囑(zhu)葬(zang)(zang)于(yu)揚州城東古運河畔高崗。內部建筑分寺院、墓(mu)(mu)域(yu)兩部分,寺院包括(kuo)禮拜堂和水房。墓(mu)(mu)域(yu)葬(zang)(zang)有普哈丁(ding)、法(fa)納兩墓(mu)(mu)亭及(ji)其他多人墳墓(mu)(mu),墓(mu)(mu)碑(bei)上刻文:“宋(song)(song)德祐元(yuan)(yuan)年西域(yu)至圣一十六(liu)世后裔大先賢(xian)(xian)補(bu)哈丁(ding);宋(song)(song)景炎(yan)三年西域(yu)先賢(xian)(xian)撒敢達,明(ming)(ming)(ming)成化(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)年西域(yu)大賢(xian)(xian)馬哈謨德,明(ming)(ming)(ming)成化(hua)五(wu)年西域(yu)先賢(xian)(xian)賈瑪魯丁(ding),明(ming)(ming)(ming)弘治(zhi)十一年先賢(xian)(xian)法(fa)納。”另有明(ming)(ming)(ming)代(dai)穆(mu)斯林的墓(mu)(mu)塔(ta)與墳墓(mu)(mu)。
建筑特色
普哈(ha)丁墓為(wei)阿(a)拉伯式(shi)建筑,其(qi)平面呈(cheng)方(fang)(fang)形,面積約14平方(fang)(fang)米,亭高(gao)3.5米。內部(bu)為(wei)圓拱頂(ding)(ding),外部(bu)為(wei)四(si)角攢(zan)頂(ding)(ding)式(shi)筒瓦頂(ding)(ding)。四(si)面磚墻(qiang)每面各有(you)一拱門,墓在墓亭中央,上有(you)五(wu)級矩形青石(shi)墓頂(ding)(ding),四(si)周刻有(you)《古蘭經》銘(ming)文(wen)。墓院入(ru)口通(tong)道內,立有(you)光緒(xu)三十四(si)年(1908)普哈(ha)丁傳記的(de)(de)石(shi)碑(bei)《先(xian)賢歷史記略(lve)碑(bei)》。在墓域中,有(you)一堵大(da)封頂(ding)(ding)式(shi)的(de)(de)矮墻(qiang)上鑲嵌有(you)四(si)通(tong)元(yuan)代阿(a)拉伯人的(de)(de)墓碑(bei)。系1927年拆除揚州南門外擋馬(ma)樓時(shi)掘(jue)出(chu),后移至(zhi)此處。
歷史來源
普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)丁(ding)(ding)墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)(yuan),俗名回回堂,位于揚(yang)州(zhou)市區(qu)解(jie)放橋(qiao)南堍、古運(yun)河東(dong)岸崗上(shang)。普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)丁(ding)(ding),相(xiang)傳為(wei)穆(mu)罕默德(de)圣人第十(shi)六世裔孫,南宋(song)咸淳年(nian)(nian)間(1265-1274年(nian)(nian))來揚(yang)州(zhou)傳教,此墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)(yuan)原是(shi)專為(wei)安葬(zang)普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)丁(ding)(ding)的,后又陸(lu)續安葬(zang)了(le)(le)一些阿拉伯人。是(shi)一座(zuo)典(dian)型(xing)的阿拉伯式建(jian)筑,初(chu)建(jian)于公元十(shi)三(san)世紀(ji)的我(wo)國(guo)南宋(song)時期(qi),明永(yong)樂皇帝視墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)國(guo)寶(bao),下詔予以保護。清政府(fu)也對(dui)墓(mu)(mu)亭進行了(le)(le)多次修(xiu)建(jian),亭壁上(shang)還嵌有光緒三(san)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)重修(xiu)墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)(yuan)時建(jian)立(li)的"先(xian)賢歷史記略(lve)碑",碑文用漢字刻定,簡要記敘了(le)(le)普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)丁(ding)(ding)在我(wo)國(guo)傳教的情(qing)況。墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)(yuan)坐東(dong)朝西(xi),墓(mu)(mu)亭為(wei)阿拉伯制式。正門(men)(men)臨河,門(men)(men)額刻石(shi)為(wei)"西(xi)域先(xian)賢普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)丁(ding)(ding)之墓(mu)(mu)"下署"乾(qian)隆丙辰(chen)重建(jian)"。門(men)(men)廳(ting)3楹(ying)南側,為(wei)清真寺,面東(dong)南楹(ying)。沿石(shi)階抵"天方矩矱"墓(mu)(mu)域門(men)(men)廳(ting),廳(ting)3楹(ying)為(wei)四(si)角(jiao)攢尖頂(ding)。庭院中(zhong)(zhong),有北(bei)軒(xuan)、東(dong)軒(xuan)各3楹(ying)。北(bei)軒(xuan)附近建(jian)南北(bei)相(xiang)對(dui)墓(mu)(mu)亭兩座(zuo)。亭后即普(pu)(pu)哈(ha)丁(ding)(ding)墓(mu)(mu)亭。亭平(ping)面呈(cheng)方形(xing),四(si)壁設拱門(men)(men),四(si)角(jiao)攢尖板瓦頂(ding),內層呈(cheng)拱球頂(ding)。墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)于亭中(zhong)(zhong)央地(di)下,地(di)面用青(qing)石(shi)砌成五(wu)級矩形(xing)墓(mu)(mu)塔。
墓亭東(dong)北植(zhi)有(you)700多年樹齡的(de)銀杏1株,老干虬枝,姿態奇特。整個墓園建筑(zhu)分(fen)(fen)三部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)。第(di)一(yi)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)墓域,內有(you)普哈丁墓及其(qi)他阿拉伯人的(de)墓碑;第(di)二部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)清真寺,是教徒們做禮拜的(de)活動場所;第(di)三部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)東(dong)郊公園。此外墓園里還集(ji)中(zhong)保存了(le)一(yi)些我國元代(dai)遺留下來(lai)的(de)阿拉伯文墓碑。