簡介
建(jian)于南(nan)宋末年(nian)(nian),清末重修(xiu)。大門(men)門(men)額(e)題“西(xi)域(yu)(yu)先賢(xian)普哈(ha)丁(ding)之墓(mu)(mu)”。據傳,普哈(ha)丁(ding)系(xi)伊斯蘭(lan)教(jiao)先知穆(mu)(mu)罕默德(de)女婿(xu)阿里支(zhi)系(xi)第16世裔孫。南(nan)宋咸(xian)淳(chun)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1265~1274)來揚(yang)州傳教(jiao),德(de)祜元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1275)7月20日(ri)病(bing)逝于由(you)天(tian)津南(nan)下的(de)舟(zhou)中。遵其囑葬于揚(yang)州城東古(gu)運河畔高崗。內部(bu)建(jian)筑分(fen)寺(si)院(yuan)、墓(mu)(mu)域(yu)(yu)兩部(bu)分(fen),寺(si)院(yuan)包(bao)括(kuo)禮(li)拜堂和水房。墓(mu)(mu)域(yu)(yu)葬有普哈(ha)丁(ding)、法納兩墓(mu)(mu)亭及(ji)其他多人(ren)墳墓(mu)(mu),墓(mu)(mu)碑上刻(ke)文:“宋德(de)祐元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)西(xi)域(yu)(yu)至圣一(yi)十六(liu)世后(hou)裔大先賢(xian)補哈(ha)丁(ding);宋景(jing)炎(yan)三年(nian)(nian)西(xi)域(yu)(yu)先賢(xian)撒敢達(da),明成(cheng)化元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)西(xi)域(yu)(yu)大賢(xian)馬哈(ha)謨德(de),明成(cheng)化五年(nian)(nian)西(xi)域(yu)(yu)先賢(xian)賈瑪魯丁(ding),明弘(hong)治十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)先賢(xian)法納。”另有明代(dai)穆(mu)(mu)斯林(lin)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)塔與墳墓(mu)(mu)。
建筑特色
普哈(ha)丁(ding)墓(mu)為阿拉伯(bo)式建筑,其平面(mian)呈(cheng)方形,面(mian)積約14平方米(mi),亭(ting)高3.5米(mi)。內(nei)部為圓(yuan)拱頂,外(wai)(wai)部為四(si)角攢頂式筒瓦頂。四(si)面(mian)磚墻每面(mian)各有一(yi)拱門,墓(mu)在墓(mu)亭(ting)中央,上有五級矩形青石墓(mu)頂,四(si)周刻有《古蘭經》銘文。墓(mu)院入(ru)口通(tong)道內(nei),立有光緒三(san)十四(si)年(1908)普哈(ha)丁(ding)傳(chuan)記(ji)的(de)石碑《先(xian)賢歷史記(ji)略碑》。在墓(mu)域中,有一(yi)堵大封頂式的(de)矮墻上鑲嵌有四(si)通(tong)元代阿拉伯(bo)人的(de)墓(mu)碑。系1927年拆(chai)除揚(yang)州南門外(wai)(wai)擋馬樓時掘出,后移(yi)至此處。
歷史來源
普(pu)哈丁(ding)墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)(yuan),俗名回(hui)回(hui)堂(tang),位于揚州市(shi)區(qu)解放橋南堍(tu)、古運河(he)東(dong)岸崗上(shang)。普(pu)哈丁(ding),相傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)穆罕默德圣人(ren)(ren)第十六世(shi)裔孫,南宋咸淳年間(1265-1274年)來揚州傳教,此墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)(yuan)原是(shi)專(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)葬(zang)普(pu)哈丁(ding)的(de),后(hou)又陸續安(an)葬(zang)了一(yi)些阿(a)拉(la)伯人(ren)(ren)。是(shi)一(yi)座(zuo)典型的(de)阿(a)拉(la)伯式(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),初建(jian)(jian)于公元十三(san)(san)世(shi)紀的(de)我國(guo)南宋時期(qi),明永樂(le)皇帝視墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)寶,下詔予以保護。清(qing)政府也對墓(mu)(mu)亭(ting)進(jin)行(xing)了多次修建(jian)(jian),亭(ting)壁上(shang)還嵌(qian)有(you)光(guang)緒(xu)三(san)(san)十四年重(zhong)修墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)(yuan)時建(jian)(jian)立(li)的(de)"先賢歷史記略碑",碑文用漢字刻(ke)定(ding),簡要記敘(xu)了普(pu)哈丁(ding)在我國(guo)傳教的(de)情況(kuang)。墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)(yuan)坐東(dong)朝西,墓(mu)(mu)亭(ting)為(wei)(wei)(wei)阿(a)拉(la)伯制式(shi)。正門(men)臨河(he),門(men)額刻(ke)石為(wei)(wei)(wei)"西域(yu)先賢普(pu)哈丁(ding)之(zhi)墓(mu)(mu)"下署"乾(qian)隆丙辰重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)"。門(men)廳3楹南側,為(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)真(zhen)寺,面(mian)(mian)東(dong)南楹。沿石階抵"天(tian)方矩(ju)矱"墓(mu)(mu)域(yu)門(men)廳,廳3楹為(wei)(wei)(wei)四角(jiao)攢尖頂。庭院中,有(you)北(bei)軒(xuan)、東(dong)軒(xuan)各3楹。北(bei)軒(xuan)附近建(jian)(jian)南北(bei)相對墓(mu)(mu)亭(ting)兩座(zuo)。亭(ting)后(hou)即普(pu)哈丁(ding)墓(mu)(mu)亭(ting)。亭(ting)平面(mian)(mian)呈方形(xing),四壁設(she)拱門(men),四角(jiao)攢尖板瓦頂,內層(ceng)呈拱球(qiu)頂。墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)于亭(ting)中央地下,地面(mian)(mian)用青(qing)石砌成五級矩(ju)形(xing)墓(mu)(mu)塔。
墓(mu)亭(ting)東北植有(you)700多年樹齡的銀杏(xing)1株(zhu),老(lao)干虬枝,姿態奇特(te)。整個墓(mu)園建筑分(fen)(fen)三部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)。第(di)一部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)墓(mu)域,內有(you)普哈丁墓(mu)及其他阿拉伯人的墓(mu)碑(bei);第(di)二部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)清真(zhen)寺,是教徒們做禮(li)拜(bai)的活動場所;第(di)三部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)東郊公園。此外墓(mu)園里還集中保(bao)存了一些我國元代遺留下來的阿拉伯文墓(mu)碑(bei)。