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簡介 

吉林(lin)和龍(long)泉水河國(guo)家濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園位于吉林(lin)省延邊朝鮮(xian)族自(zi)治(zhi)州和龍(long)市西南部，公(gong)(gong)(gong)園屬吉林(lin)省和龍(long)林(lin)業(ye)局廣坪林(lin)場，地(di)理坐標為：東經128o38′20″-128o47′11″，北(bei)緯42o01′03″- 42o06′56″，占地(di)4791.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，分為五個功(gong)能區(qu)，分別為保育區(qu)4172 公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、恢(hui)復重建區(qu)248.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、宣教展示區(qu)172公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、合理利(li)用區(qu)120.4 公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、管理服務(wu)區(qu)78.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃。

吉林(lin)(lin)和(he)龍泉水河國家(jia)濕(shi)地公園(yuan)2013年12月(yue)31日被國家(jia)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)局正式批準成(cheng)立，公園(yuan)地處(chu)長白山(shan)(shan)圖們江(jiang)源頭(tou)是吉林(lin)(lin)省重(zhong)要(yao)的水源涵養區，是長白山(shan)(shan)地區森林(lin)(lin)沼澤濕(shi)地中(zhong)面積最大保存較(jiao)為完(wan)整的一塊，不僅是我國溫帶森林(lin)(lin)沼澤濕(shi)地的典型代表(biao)，在世(shi)界溫帶森林(lin)(lin)沼澤濕(shi)地的研(yan)究中(zhong)也具(ju)有重(zhong)要(yao)的意義，具(ju)有很高的自然性(xing)和(he)原始性(xing)。

自然氣候

濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園在(zai)氣候類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)上屬于中(zhong)緯度(du)中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)風半濕(shi)潤氣候區。大陸性季(ji)(ji)風明(ming)顯，四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming)，春季(ji)(ji)冷暖干濕(shi)無常，夏季(ji)(ji)短暫不(bu)甚炎(yan)熱，秋季(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)和涼(liang)爽多(duo)晴天，冬季(ji)(ji)寒(han)冷漫長。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)4.8℃，活動(dong)積溫(wen)(wen)2200℃；年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)最(zui)低氣溫(wen)(wen)1.1℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)最(zui)高氣溫(wen)(wen)11.5℃，極端(duan)最(zui)高氣溫(wen)(wen)36.7℃，極端(duan)最(zui)低氣溫(wen)(wen)-33.2℃，1月(yue)份氣溫(wen)(wen)最(zui)低而(er)7月(yue)份氣溫(wen)(wen)最(zui)高；年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量800mm，5～9月(yue)降水≥500mm；年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照不(bu)足(zu)2400h，無霜期125天；積雪厚(hou)度(du)大于30cm，最(zui)大凍土(tu)深度(du)為(wei)150cm。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園地(di)(di)(di)形起伏，生境多(duo)樣，植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)豐富。公園境內的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)有(you)：針葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型(xing)(xing)組、闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型(xing)(xing)組，沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型(xing)(xing)組。規劃(hua)區總用地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積4791.4hm2，現(xian)狀土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)利用類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)簡(jian)單。各類(lei)(lei)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積2045.9 hm2，占(zhan)總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)42.70％；林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積2745.5 hm2，占(zhan)總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)57.15％；道路用地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積7.6 hm2，占(zhan)總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)0.15％。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園處于低山丘陵區的(de)(de)(de)溝谷和支溝口洪積扇前緣，受坡(po)面(mian)(mian)徑流(liu)、坡(po)積潛(qian)水溢出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，水源補給(gei)比較豐富，形成豐富的(de)(de)(de)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景(jing)觀，包括森林(lin)(lin)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、灌叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、草本沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)等(deng)四種類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)。國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)野生動(dong)物有(you)紫(zi)貂、原麝(she)、金(jin)雕3種，Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)野生動(dong)物30種，其中(zhong)獸類(lei)(lei)6種、鳥類(lei)(lei)24種，國(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)野生動(dong)物33種。國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)植(zhi)物7種：紅松、鉆天柳(liu)(liu)、水曲柳(liu)(liu)、黃檗、紫(zi)椴、野大豆、蓮。

濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)處長白山(shan)東麓、陰山(shan)東西向復雜構造(zao)帶(dai)和中國東部長白山(shan)新(xin)華夏(xia)隆起帶(dai)的(de)交接部位。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內基(ji)巖(yan)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)玄(xuan)武巖(yan)，松散沉積物為(wei)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)與河流(liu)(liu)相(xiang)沖積物。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型有：暗棕壤、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)、泥炭(tan)沼澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)。在垂(chui)直方向上，暗棕壤主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在海(hai)拔800~1400m之(zhi)間的(de)中山(shan)，草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在海(hai)拔700~800m之(zhi)間的(de)河流(liu)(liu)兩側，泥炭(tan)沼澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在海(hai)拔700~1000m之(zhi)間的(de)山(shan)坡地(di)帶(dai)。

景觀分布

濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)地處(chu)中朝(chao)邊(bian)境，旅(lv)游(you)(you)資源豐富，兩岸(an)風光旖旎，景(jing)(jing)色秀麗(li)，可(ke)欣(xin)賞(shang)(shang)到(dao)(dao)圖們江(jiang)(jiang)大峽谷、處(chu)女(nv)瀑布、軍艦山、圖們江(jiang)(jiang)源頭、中朝(chao)三角(jiao)界碑、沼澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)、高(gao)山花園(yuan)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)、金日(ri)成釣魚臺、金日(ri)成渡(du)江(jiang)(jiang)處(chu)等自然景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)與人文景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)；還可(ke)欣(xin)賞(shang)(shang)到(dao)(dao)朝(chao)鮮的(de)亞洲(zhou)最(zui)大露天(tian)鐵(tie)礦基地——茂山郡。2014年，和(he)(he)龍林(lin)業局(ju)將(jiang)周邊(bian)旅(lv)游(you)(you)資源進(jin)行整合，大力開發(fa)旅(lv)游(you)(you)產業，自籌資金建設濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)山門1座，觀(guan)景(jing)(jing)木棧道(dao)、觀(guan)景(jing)(jing)平(ping)臺及(ji)各類宣(xuan)傳指示牌(pai)，站在觀(guan)景(jing)(jing)平(ping)臺上(shang)不(bu)僅可(ke)以(yi)欣(xin)賞(shang)(shang)到(dao)(dao)近200公(gong)(gong)頃沼澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)，還可(ke)遠眺長白山。精心制作的(de)科(ke)教宣(xuan)傳展(zhan)板(ban)及(ji)各類樹木簡介(jie)牌(pai)可(ke)讓游(you)(you)客增加對濕(shi)地的(de)認識(shi)，從而提高(gao)生態保護(hu)意識(shi)。目前(qian)，濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)各項工作進(jin)展(zhan)順利，逐步(bu)走上(shang)了(le)科(ke)學化(hua)、法制化(hua)和(he)(he)規范化(hua)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)軌道(dao)。