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簡介 

吉林(lin)和(he)龍(long)(long)泉水(shui)河國(guo)家濕地公(gong)園位于吉林(lin)省延邊朝(chao)鮮族(zu)自治州和(he)龍(long)(long)市西南(nan)部(bu)，公(gong)園屬吉林(lin)省和(he)龍(long)(long)林(lin)業(ye)局廣(guang)坪(ping)林(lin)場，地理坐標為：東(dong)經128o38′20″-128o47′11″，北緯(wei)42o01′03″- 42o06′56″，占地4791.4公(gong)頃，分為五(wu)個(ge)功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)，分別(bie)為保育區(qu)(qu)4172 公(gong)頃、恢復重建區(qu)(qu)248.8公(gong)頃、宣教(jiao)展示區(qu)(qu)172公(gong)頃、合(he)理利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)120.4 公(gong)頃、管理服務區(qu)(qu)78.2公(gong)頃。

吉林(lin)和龍(long)泉水河國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)2013年12月(yue)31日(ri)被國(guo)家林(lin)業局(ju)正式批準成立，公園(yuan)地(di)處長白山圖們江源頭是(shi)吉林(lin)省重要的(de)(de)水源涵養區，是(shi)長白山地(di)區森林(lin)沼澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)面積最大保存較為(wei)完(wan)整的(de)(de)一塊，不僅是(shi)我國(guo)溫帶(dai)森林(lin)沼澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)的(de)(de)典型代表，在(zai)世界溫帶(dai)森林(lin)沼澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)的(de)(de)研究中(zhong)(zhong)也具(ju)有重要的(de)(de)意(yi)義，具(ju)有很高的(de)(de)自(zi)然性(xing)和原始性(xing)。

自然氣候

濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園在氣(qi)候(hou)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)上屬于中緯度(du)中溫(wen)帶季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)半(ban)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)潤氣(qi)候(hou)區。大(da)(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)明顯，四季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分明，春季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)冷暖干濕(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)常，夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)短(duan)暫不甚炎熱(re)，秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)和(he)涼爽多(duo)晴(qing)天(tian)，冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寒(han)冷漫長。年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)4.8℃，活(huo)動積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)2200℃；年(nian)(nian)平均最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)1.1℃，年(nian)(nian)平均最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)11.5℃，極(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)36.7℃，極(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)-33.2℃，1月(yue)份氣(qi)溫(wen)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)而7月(yue)份氣(qi)溫(wen)最(zui)(zui)高；年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量800mm，5～9月(yue)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)≥500mm；年(nian)(nian)平均日照不足(zu)2400h，無(wu)霜期125天(tian)；積(ji)(ji)雪厚度(du)大(da)(da)于30cm，最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)凍土深(shen)度(du)為150cm。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園地(di)(di)形(xing)起伏，生(sheng)(sheng)境多(duo)樣，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)豐富(fu)。公(gong)園境內的(de)(de)主要植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)有：針葉(xie)林植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)(xing)組、闊葉(xie)林植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)(xing)組，沼(zhao)澤(ze)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)(xing)組。規(gui)劃區總(zong)(zong)用(yong)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)4791.4hm2，現狀土地(di)(di)利用(yong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)簡單(dan)。各類(lei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)2045.9 hm2，占總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)42.70％；林地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)2745.5 hm2，占總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)57.15％；道路用(yong)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)7.6 hm2，占總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)0.15％。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園處于低(di)(di)山丘陵區的(de)(de)溝(gou)谷和(he)支溝(gou)口洪積(ji)(ji)扇(shan)前緣，受坡面(mian)(mian)徑流(liu)、坡積(ji)(ji)潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)溢出的(de)(de)影響，水(shui)(shui)源補(bu)給比較豐富(fu)，形(xing)成豐富(fu)的(de)(de)沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)景觀，包括森林沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、灌叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、草本沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、河流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)等四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)。國家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)有紫(zi)貂(diao)、原(yuan)麝(she)、金雕(diao)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中獸類(lei)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類(lei)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：紅松、鉆天(tian)柳、水(shui)(shui)曲柳、黃檗、紫(zi)椴、野大(da)(da)豆、蓮(lian)。

濕地(di)公(gong)園地(di)處長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東麓、陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東西向復雜構造帶和中國(guo)東部(bu)長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)新華夏隆起(qi)帶的交接部(bu)位。公(gong)園內基巖(yan)主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)玄(xuan)武巖(yan)，松散沉積物(wu)(wu)為黃土與河(he)流(liu)相沖積物(wu)(wu)。濕地(di)公(gong)園土壤類型有：暗棕壤、草甸土、泥炭沼(zhao)澤土。在(zai)(zai)垂直方向上，暗棕壤主(zhu)(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)(zai)海拔(ba)800~1400m之(zhi)間的中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，草甸土主(zhu)(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)(zai)海拔(ba)700~800m之(zhi)間的河(he)流(liu)兩側，泥炭沼(zhao)澤土主(zhu)(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)(zai)海拔(ba)700~1000m之(zhi)間的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡地(di)帶。

景觀分布

濕(shi)地(di)公園地(di)處中朝(chao)(chao)邊境(jing)，旅游(you)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富，兩岸(an)風光旖旎，景(jing)色秀麗，可欣(xin)(xin)(xin)賞到(dao)圖們江大峽(xia)谷(gu)、處女(nv)瀑布、軍艦山(shan)、圖們江源(yuan)頭、中朝(chao)(chao)三(san)角界碑、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)景(jing)觀(guan)、高山(shan)花園景(jing)觀(guan)、金日(ri)成(cheng)釣魚(yu)臺、金日(ri)成(cheng)渡江處等自然景(jing)觀(guan)與人文景(jing)觀(guan)；還可欣(xin)(xin)(xin)賞到(dao)朝(chao)(chao)鮮的(de)(de)(de)亞洲最大露天鐵礦(kuang)基(ji)地(di)——茂山(shan)郡(jun)。2014年，和龍林業局將周邊旅游(you)資(zi)源(yuan)進行(xing)整合，大力(li)開發旅游(you)產(chan)業，自籌資(zi)金建設濕(shi)地(di)公園山(shan)門1座(zuo)，觀(guan)景(jing)木棧道(dao)、觀(guan)景(jing)平臺及(ji)各類宣傳指示牌(pai)，站在觀(guan)景(jing)平臺上(shang)(shang)不僅可以欣(xin)(xin)(xin)賞到(dao)近200公頃沼澤濕(shi)地(di)景(jing)觀(guan)，還可遠眺(tiao)長白山(shan)。精心制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)科教(jiao)宣傳展板及(ji)各類樹木簡介牌(pai)可讓(rang)游(you)客增加(jia)對濕(shi)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識，從(cong)而提高生態保護意識。目(mu)前，濕(shi)地(di)公園各項工作(zuo)進展順利，逐步走(zou)上(shang)(shang)了科學化(hua)、法制(zhi)化(hua)和規范化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)發展軌(gui)道(dao)。