吉(ji)林和(he)龍(long)泉水河國家濕(shi)地公園(yuan)位于吉(ji)林省延(yan)邊(bian)朝鮮族自治州和(he)龍(long)市西南部,公園(yuan)屬吉(ji)林省和(he)龍(long)林業局廣(guang)坪林場,地理坐標(biao)為(wei)(wei):東經128o38′20″-128o47′11″,北緯42o01′03″- 42o06′56″,占地4791.4公頃(qing),分為(wei)(wei)五個功能(neng)區,分別為(wei)(wei)保育區4172 公頃(qing)、恢復重建(jian)區248.8公頃(qing)、宣教(jiao)展(zhan)示區172公頃(qing)、合理利用區120.4 公頃(qing)、管理服務區78.2公頃(qing)。
吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)和(he)龍泉水河國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)2013年12月31日被(bei)國(guo)家(jia)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業局正式批準成(cheng)立,公園(yuan)地處長(chang)白山圖們江源頭是吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)省重要的水源涵養區,是長(chang)白山地區森林(lin)(lin)(lin)沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地中面(mian)積最大保(bao)存較為完(wan)整的一塊,不(bu)僅是我國(guo)溫帶森林(lin)(lin)(lin)沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地的典型代(dai)表,在世界(jie)溫帶森林(lin)(lin)(lin)沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地的研究中也具有重要的意義,具有很高的自然性(xing)和(he)原始性(xing)。
濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)在氣(qi)候類(lei)(lei)型上屬于中(zhong)緯(wei)度中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶季(ji)(ji)風半濕(shi)潤氣(qi)候區。大陸性(xing)季(ji)(ji)風明顯,四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明,春季(ji)(ji)冷暖(nuan)干濕(shi)無(wu)(wu)常,夏季(ji)(ji)短暫不(bu)(bu)甚(shen)炎熱,秋季(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和涼(liang)爽多晴天(tian),冬季(ji)(ji)寒冷漫長(chang)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)4.8℃,活動積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2200℃;年(nian)平(ping)均最(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1.1℃,年(nian)平(ping)均最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)11.5℃,極端(duan)(duan)最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)36.7℃,極端(duan)(duan)最(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-33.2℃,1月份氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)最(zui)低而7月份氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)最(zui)高(gao);年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)800mm,5~9月降水(shui)≥500mm;年(nian)平(ping)均日照不(bu)(bu)足(zu)2400h,無(wu)(wu)霜期125天(tian);積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)雪厚度大于30cm,最(zui)大凍土深度為150cm。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)形起(qi)伏,生(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)多樣(yang),植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)型豐富(fu)。公(gong)園(yuan)境(jing)內的(de)主要植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)型有(you)(you):針葉林(lin)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型組、闊葉林(lin)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型組,沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型組。規劃區總用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)4791.4hm2,現(xian)狀土地(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)(yong)類(lei)(lei)型簡單(dan)。各類(lei)(lei)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)2045.9 hm2,占(zhan)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)42.70%;林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)2745.5 hm2,占(zhan)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)57.15%;道路用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)7.6 hm2,占(zhan)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)0.15%。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)處于低山丘陵區的(de)溝(gou)谷和支溝(gou)口洪積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)扇前(qian)緣,受坡面(mian)(mian)徑流、坡積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)潛水(shui)溢出的(de)影響,水(shui)源補給比較豐富(fu),形成(cheng)豐富(fu)的(de)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景觀(guan),包括(kuo)森林(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、草本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)等四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)型。國(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)有(you)(you)紫貂、原麝(she)、金雕(diao)3種(zhong)(zhong),Ⅱ級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)30種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)獸類(lei)(lei)6種(zhong)(zhong)、鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)24種(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)33種(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong):紅松、鉆天(tian)柳、水(shui)曲(qu)柳、黃檗(bo)、紫椴、野大豆(dou)、蓮。
濕地公園地處長(chang)白山(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓、陰山(shan)(shan)東(dong)西向復(fu)雜構(gou)造帶(dai)(dai)和中(zhong)國東(dong)部長(chang)白山(shan)(shan)新華夏隆起帶(dai)(dai)的交接部位。公園內基巖(yan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是玄武巖(yan),松(song)散沉積物(wu)(wu)為黃土(tu)與河(he)流(liu)相沖積物(wu)(wu)。濕地公園土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型有(you):暗棕壤(rang)(rang)、草甸土(tu)、泥炭沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)土(tu)。在(zai)(zai)垂直方(fang)向上,暗棕壤(rang)(rang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)(zai)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)800~1400m之(zhi)間的中(zhong)山(shan)(shan),草甸土(tu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)(zai)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)700~800m之(zhi)間的河(he)流(liu)兩側,泥炭沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)土(tu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)(zai)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)700~1000m之(zhi)間的山(shan)(shan)坡地帶(dai)(dai)。
濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)地處(chu)(chu)中(zhong)朝邊(bian)境,旅游(you)資(zi)(zi)源豐(feng)富,兩岸風(feng)光旖旎,景(jing)色秀(xiu)麗,可(ke)(ke)欣(xin)賞到圖(tu)(tu)們江大(da)峽谷、處(chu)(chu)女(nv)瀑布、軍艦山(shan)、圖(tu)(tu)們江源頭、中(zhong)朝三(san)角界碑、沼澤(ze)濕(shi)地景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)、高山(shan)花園(yuan)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)、金日(ri)成釣(diao)魚臺、金日(ri)成渡江處(chu)(chu)等自然(ran)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)與人文景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan);還可(ke)(ke)欣(xin)賞到朝鮮的(de)亞洲最大(da)露天鐵礦(kuang)基(ji)地——茂山(shan)郡。2014年,和龍林業(ye)局將(jiang)周(zhou)邊(bian)旅游(you)資(zi)(zi)源進行整合(he),大(da)力(li)開發旅游(you)產業(ye),自籌資(zi)(zi)金建設濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)山(shan)門1座,觀(guan)(guan)(guan)景(jing)木(mu)棧道(dao)、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)景(jing)平臺及各(ge)類宣傳指示牌,站在觀(guan)(guan)(guan)景(jing)平臺上不僅可(ke)(ke)以欣(xin)賞到近(jin)200公(gong)(gong)頃沼澤(ze)濕(shi)地景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan),還可(ke)(ke)遠(yuan)眺長白山(shan)。精心制作的(de)科(ke)(ke)教宣傳展(zhan)(zhan)板及各(ge)類樹木(mu)簡介牌可(ke)(ke)讓游(you)客(ke)增加對(dui)濕(shi)地的(de)認識(shi),從而(er)提高生態保護(hu)意(yi)識(shi)。目前(qian),濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)各(ge)項工作進展(zhan)(zhan)順(shun)利,逐(zhu)步(bu)走上了科(ke)(ke)學(xue)化、法制化和規范(fan)化的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)軌道(dao)。