芒果视频下载

黑(hei)龍江白(bai)樺川濕地公園位于黑(hei)龍江省寧安市沙蘭(lan)鎮北(bei)部(bu)，屬長白(bai)山系，處在張廣才(cai)嶺(ling)和老爺嶺(ling)之間(jian)的(de)牡丹江上(shang)游谷地，東臨三陵鄉和渤(bo)海(hai)鎮，南(nan)(nan)與吉林(lin)省毗鄰，西部(bu)和北(bei)部(bu)與海(hai)林(lin)鎮相接(jie)。地理坐標為(wei)：東經(jing)128°39′01″～128°48′15″，北(bei)緯44°12′04″～44°19′54″，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)距(ju)14.5 km，東西距(ju)12.2 km，總面積8571hm2。

濕(shi)地公園(yuan)地處(chu)溫帶大陸(lu)性(xing)季風(feng)氣(qi)候區，四季氣(qi)候變化明顯。主要表現為春季風(feng)大干(gan)旱，夏季溫濕(shi)多(duo)雨，秋季多(duo)風(feng)干(gan)燥，冬季寒冷而漫長。年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫在(zai)(zai)2.5°C左右，年平(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)量在(zai)(zai)650毫米左右，主要集(ji)中在(zai)(zai)7至(zhi)(zhi)8月份，無霜期(qi)90至(zhi)(zhi)100天。

公園內主要河流有哈拉(la)河和(he)蛤蟆塘河兩條河流，他們均流入鏡泊(bo)(bo)湖，是鏡泊(bo)(bo)湖的重要水(shui)源地，該濕地公園的建設和(he)發展對于維(wei)護鏡泊(bo)(bo)湖的涵養(yang)水(shui)源及區(qu)域經(jing)(jing)濟發展將發揮重要的經(jing)(jing)濟價(jia)值(zhi)和(he)社會價(jia)值(zhi)。

公園(yuan)內分布(bu)有(you)大面積的濕地(di)生(sheng)態系統，主要有(you)河流濕地(di)、湖泊(bo)濕地(di)、沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)濕地(di)和草塘(tang)（水生(sheng)植物群(qun)落）等，沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)濕地(di)又可分為森林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、灌(guan)叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)和草本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，如長(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)落葉(xie)(xie)松(song)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、長(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)落葉(xie)(xie)松(song)-白(bai)(bai)樺沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、白(bai)(bai)樺沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、白(bai)(bai)樺-柳葉(xie)(xie)繡(xiu)線菊沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等森林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)；柳葉(xie)(xie)繡(xiu)線菊-苔(tai)(tai)草沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、柳叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蒿柳-苔(tai)(tai)草沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等灌(guan)叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)；修氏苔(tai)(tai)草沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆(lu)葦沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆(lu)葦-香蒲(pu)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)章沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、漂筏苔(tai)(tai)草沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等草本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，濕地(di)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)豐富，分布(bu)廣，面積大，幾乎(hu)囊括了我國(guo)北方(fang)林區的所有(you)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)，有(you)著廣泛(fan)的代(dai)表性，具(ju)有(you)我國(guo)溫帶濕地(di)的典型(xing)(xing)特征(zheng)。

濕地公園(yuan)內分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)野生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)123科350屬(shu)605種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中蘚(xian)類24科47屬(shu)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類16科29屬(shu)46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)83科274屬(shu)493種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中，國家(jia)(jia)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：紅松(song)、黃檗、紫椴、烏蘇里(li)狐(hu)尾(wei)(wei)藻(zao)、水曲柳、浮葉(xie)慈(ci)菇和野大(da)豆。豐富(fu)的(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)多樣性為(wei)眾多野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)提(ti)供(gong)了良(liang)好的(de)(de)棲息環境，據(ju)調(diao)查公園(yuan)內共(gong)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)33目86科379種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中，獸類6目15科49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；魚類有(you)5目11科52種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲類有(you)2目6科11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬(pa)行類共(gong)有(you)3目4科12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類17目50科255種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)國家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即(ji)紫貂 、東(dong)方白鸛、丹(dan)頂鶴等(deng)(deng)；分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)國家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，如棕熊(xiong)、黑熊(xiong)、水獺、猞猁、馬(ma)鹿(lu)、鴛(yuan)鴦、花(hua)尾(wei)(wei)榛雞等(deng)(deng)，充分(fen)顯示出該濕地公園(yuan)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多樣性。

根(gen)據國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃的(de)理(li)論與(yu)原則，結合(he)白(bai)樺川濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)分布(bu)特點及將(jiang)該公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)劃分為五大功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合(he)理(li)利用區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣教(jiao)(jiao)展示(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復(fu)重建(jian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)管理(li)服務(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分布(bu)在公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)的(de)廣(guang)大區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積7468.88公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，主要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)著大面(mian)積原生性(xing)的(de)沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)(he)森(sen)林(lin)生態(tai)系統(tong)，也是(shi)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)野生動物(wu)(wu)棲息地(di)(di)(di)及候(hou)鳥(niao)繁殖停歇地(di)(di)(di)。合(he)理(li)利用區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)中部，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積611.49公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景(jing)觀游(you)覽、森(sen)林(lin)人(ren)家(jia)、伐木(mu)場、熔巖浴場、火山口(kou)、暖泉和(he)(he)響泉、森(sen)林(lin)探險和(he)(he)狩獵(lie)場等。宣教(jiao)(jiao)展示(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)中部，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積為223.33公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)標本館、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)園(yuan)(yuan)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)鳥(niao)類觀賞園(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)知識宣傳館，充(chong)分利用現有(you)的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌條件(jian)，以(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)活體(ti)或(huo)標本和(he)(he)圖片為載體(ti)向公(gong)(gong)眾展示(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)科學(xue)內(nei)涵；恢(hui)復(fu)重建(jian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)南部，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積200.87公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，將(jiang)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)退(tui)化(hua)的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)或(huo)廢棄農田進行恢(hui)復(fu)，使其生態(tai)系統(tong)恢(hui)復(fu)到初始(shi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，提高生態(tai)系統(tong)功(gong)能。管理(li)服務(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)36.85公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)管理(li)中心、游(you)客接待中心和(he)(he)服務(wu)(wu)點等，建(jian)成后將(jiang)成為集濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)、職工教(jiao)(jiao)育及對外服務(wu)(wu)于(yu)一體(ti)的(de)綜合(he)服務(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。

東北林(lin)(lin)業大(da)(da)學(xue)、黑(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)林(lin)(lin)業設(she)計研究院組成生態(tai)學(xue)、植物(wu)學(xue)、土壤學(xue)、動(dong)物(wu)學(xue)、林(lin)(lin)學(xue)、地(di)理信息(xi)系(xi)統等多學(xue)科的專家(jia)科考小組，先后(hou)對白(bai)樺川(chuan)濕地(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)的自然(ran)概(gai)況、動(dong)植物(wu)資源以及社會(hui)經濟狀況等進行了綜(zong)合考察。并在大(da)(da)量的科學(xue)考察的基礎上，完成了《黑(hei)龍(long)江白(bai)樺川(chuan)國家(jia)濕地(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)總體規劃》，為白(bai)樺川(chuan)濕地(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)的建設(she)和發展(zhan)提供了科學(xue)依據。

公園內植物種類繁多(duo)，植被(bei)類型(xing)多(duo)樣(yang)，生(sheng)境(jing)各異，自然景(jing)觀(guan)獨特，不僅分(fen)布(bu)有(you)森林、沼澤、草甸(dian)、水(shui)域及草塘等生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統類型(xing)，而且還分(fen)布(bu)有(you)五千年前火(huo)山噴發后形成的(de)(de)熔(rong)巖臺地(di)景(jing)觀(guan)，如火(huo)山口、熔(rong)巖臺地(di)、熔(rong)巖浴(yu)場等，特殊(shu)的(de)(de)歷史、特殊(shu)的(de)(de)顏色(se)、特殊(shu)的(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)，都會給游客帶來無窮的(de)(de)想象和好奇。因此，為了更好地(di)保護這片原生(sheng)性(xing)沼澤濕地(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統，提高人們保護生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)及回歸自然的(de)(de)情趣，建(jian)立白樺川(chuan)國家(jia)濕地(di)公園將具(ju)有(you)重要的(de)(de)現實意義和歷史意義。