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黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)白(bai)樺川濕地(di)公園位于黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省寧(ning)安市沙蘭鎮北(bei)部(bu)，屬長白(bai)山系(xi)，處在張廣(guang)才(cai)嶺(ling)(ling)和老爺嶺(ling)(ling)之間的牡丹江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游谷地(di)，東臨三陵鄉和渤(bo)海(hai)鎮，南與吉林省毗鄰，西部(bu)和北(bei)部(bu)與海(hai)林鎮相接(jie)。地(di)理坐標為：東經128°39′01″～128°48′15″，北(bei)緯44°12′04″～44°19′54″，南北(bei)距14.5 km，東西距12.2 km，總面積8571hm2。

濕(shi)地公園地處(chu)溫帶大陸性季風氣(qi)候區，四季氣(qi)候變化明顯。主(zhu)要表現為春(chun)季風大干旱，夏季溫濕(shi)多(duo)雨(yu)，秋季多(duo)風干燥(zao)，冬(dong)季寒冷而漫長。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫在(zai)2.5°C左右(you)，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量在(zai)650毫米左右(you)，主(zhu)要集(ji)中在(zai)7至(zhi)8月份，無霜(shuang)期90至(zhi)100天。

公園(yuan)內主要河(he)流有哈(ha)拉(la)河(he)和(he)(he)蛤蟆塘河(he)兩條河(he)流，他們均流入鏡泊(bo)湖(hu)，是鏡泊(bo)湖(hu)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要水(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)地，該濕地公園(yuan)的(de)(de)建設和(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)對于維護鏡泊(bo)湖(hu)的(de)(de)涵養水(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)及區域經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)將發(fa)揮重(zhong)要的(de)(de)經(jing)濟價值和(he)(he)社會價值。

公園內分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)大面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)生態系統，主要有(you)(you)河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)、湖泊濕(shi)地(di)、沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)和草塘（水生植物(wu)群落）等，沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)又可分(fen)為森(sen)林(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、灌(guan)叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)和草本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，如長白(bai)落葉松沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、長白(bai)落葉松-白(bai)樺沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、白(bai)樺沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、白(bai)樺-柳葉繡(xiu)線菊沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等森(sen)林(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)；柳葉繡(xiu)線菊-苔草沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、柳叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蒿(hao)柳-苔草沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等灌(guan)叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)；修(xiu)氏苔草沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆(lu)葦(wei)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆(lu)葦(wei)-香蒲沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、小葉章(zhang)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、漂(piao)筏(fa)苔草沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等草本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，濕(shi)地(di)類型豐(feng)富，分(fen)布(bu)(bu)廣，面(mian)(mian)積(ji)大，幾乎囊(nang)括了我國北(bei)方(fang)林(lin)區的(de)(de)所有(you)(you)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)類型，有(you)(you)著廣泛的(de)(de)代(dai)表性，具有(you)(you)我國溫(wen)帶濕(shi)地(di)的(de)(de)典型特(te)征。

濕地(di)公園(yuan)內(nei)分布有(you)(you)野(ye)(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)123科(ke)(ke)(ke)350屬605種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)蘚類(lei)24科(ke)(ke)(ke)47屬66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)16科(ke)(ke)(ke)29屬46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)83科(ke)(ke)(ke)274屬493種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：紅松、黃檗、紫椴、烏蘇(su)里狐尾(wei)(wei)藻、水曲柳、浮葉慈菇(gu)和野(ye)(ye)大豆。豐富的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)(yang)性為(wei)眾多野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了良好的(de)(de)棲(qi)息環境，據調查(cha)公園(yuan)內(nei)共分布有(you)(you)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)33目(mu)(mu)86科(ke)(ke)(ke)379種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，獸類(lei)6目(mu)(mu)15科(ke)(ke)(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；魚類(lei)有(you)(you)5目(mu)(mu)11科(ke)(ke)(ke)52種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲(qi)類(lei)有(you)(you)2目(mu)(mu)6科(ke)(ke)(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬行(xing)類(lei)共有(you)(you)3目(mu)(mu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)17目(mu)(mu)50科(ke)(ke)(ke)255種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。分布有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即紫貂 、東(dong)方白(bai)鸛、丹(dan)頂鶴等(deng)；分布有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，如棕(zong)熊(xiong)、黑(hei)熊(xiong)、水獺、猞猁、馬鹿、鴛(yuan)鴦、花(hua)尾(wei)(wei)榛雞等(deng)，充分顯示出(chu)該濕地(di)公園(yuan)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)(yang)性。

根據國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃的(de)理(li)(li)(li)論與(yu)原(yuan)則，結合(he)白樺(hua)川(chuan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)分(fen)布特點(dian)及(ji)(ji)將(jiang)該公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)劃分(fen)為五大功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合(he)理(li)(li)(li)利(li)用(yong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣教展(zhan)(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和管理(li)(li)(li)服務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)布在公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)的(de)廣大區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)，占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積7468.88公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，主要分(fen)布著大面積原(yuan)生(sheng)性(xing)的(de)沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和森(sen)林生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統，也是重(zhong)要的(de)野生(sheng)動物(wu)棲息地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)(ji)候鳥(niao)繁殖停歇地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。合(he)理(li)(li)(li)利(li)用(yong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)中部，占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積611.49公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包括濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景觀游覽、森(sen)林人家、伐木(mu)場、熔巖浴場、火山(shan)口、暖泉和響泉、森(sen)林探險(xian)和狩獵(lie)場等。宣教展(zhan)(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)中部，占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積為223.33公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包括標(biao)本館、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植物(wu)園(yuan)、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鳥(niao)類觀賞園(yuan)和濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)知識宣傳館，充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)現有的(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)和地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌條(tiao)件，以濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)動植物(wu)活(huo)體或標(biao)本和圖(tu)片為載體向公(gong)(gong)眾展(zhan)(zhan)示濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)科學內(nei)(nei)涵；恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)南部，占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積200.87公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，將(jiang)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)退化的(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、林地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)或廢棄農田進行恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)，使(shi)其(qi)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)到初(chu)始狀態(tai)，提高生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統功能。管理(li)(li)(li)服務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)36.85公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包括管理(li)(li)(li)中心、游客接待中心和服務點(dian)等，建成后將(jiang)成為集濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)管理(li)(li)(li)、職工教育(yu)及(ji)(ji)對外服務于一(yi)體的(de)綜合(he)服務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。

東北(bei)林(lin)業大學(xue)、黑龍(long)江省林(lin)業設計研究院組(zu)(zu)成生態(tai)學(xue)、植物學(xue)、土壤學(xue)、動物學(xue)、林(lin)學(xue)、地理信息系統(tong)等多(duo)學(xue)科的(de)專(zhuan)家科考小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)，先后對白樺(hua)川(chuan)濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園的(de)自然概況、動植物資源以及社(she)會經濟(ji)狀(zhuang)況等進行了綜(zong)合考察。并在大量的(de)科學(xue)考察的(de)基礎上(shang)，完成了《黑龍(long)江白樺(hua)川(chuan)國家濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園總體(ti)規劃》，為(wei)白樺(hua)川(chuan)濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園的(de)建設和發展提供了科學(xue)依據。

公園內植(zhi)物種類(lei)繁多，植(zhi)被類(lei)型(xing)多樣，生(sheng)境各(ge)異，自然景觀(guan)(guan)獨特(te)，不僅分布有森林、沼澤、草甸、水域及草塘等生(sheng)態系統類(lei)型(xing)，而且還分布有五(wu)千年前火山噴發(fa)后形(xing)成的(de)(de)熔巖臺地(di)景觀(guan)(guan)，如(ru)火山口、熔巖臺地(di)、熔巖浴場等，特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)、特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)顏色、特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)景觀(guan)(guan)，都會給游客帶來無窮的(de)(de)想象和好奇。因此，為了更好地(di)保(bao)護這片原生(sheng)性沼澤濕地(di)生(sheng)態系統，提高(gao)人們保(bao)護生(sheng)態環境及回歸自然的(de)(de)情趣，建立白樺(hua)川國(guo)家濕地(di)公園將具有重要的(de)(de)現實(shi)意(yi)義(yi)和歷史(shi)意(yi)義(yi)。