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黑(hei)龍江(jiang)白(bai)樺川濕地公(gong)園位(wei)于黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省寧安市沙蘭鎮北(bei)(bei)部(bu)，屬長白(bai)山系，處在張廣(guang)才嶺和老(lao)爺嶺之(zhi)間的(de)牡丹江(jiang)上(shang)游谷地，東臨(lin)三陵鄉和渤海鎮，南(nan)與吉林(lin)省毗鄰，西部(bu)和北(bei)(bei)部(bu)與海林(lin)鎮相(xiang)接。地理(li)坐標為：東經128°39′01″～128°48′15″，北(bei)(bei)緯44°12′04″～44°19′54″，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)距14.5 km，東西距12.2 km，總面積8571hm2。

濕地公園地處溫(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)候區(qu)，四季(ji)氣(qi)候變化明顯。主要(yao)表現為春季(ji)風大干旱，夏季(ji)溫(wen)濕多雨，秋季(ji)多風干燥，冬季(ji)寒冷而漫長。年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)在2.5°C左右，年平均(jun)降(jiang)水量在650毫(hao)米左右，主要(yao)集中(zhong)在7至(zhi)8月份，無霜期90至(zhi)100天。

公(gong)園內主(zhu)要(yao)河流有哈拉河和(he)蛤蟆塘河兩(liang)條(tiao)河流，他們均流入鏡泊湖，是鏡泊湖的(de)(de)重要(yao)水源(yuan)地，該濕地公(gong)園的(de)(de)建設和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)對于維護鏡泊湖的(de)(de)涵養水源(yuan)及(ji)區域經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)將發(fa)揮(hui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)經濟價值和(he)社會價值。

公園內分布(bu)有大面(mian)積的(de)(de)濕地生(sheng)態系統，主(zhu)要有河流(liu)濕地、湖泊濕地、沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕地和草(cao)塘（水(shui)生(sheng)植(zhi)物群落(luo)(luo)(luo)）等，沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕地又(you)可分為森(sen)林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、灌叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)和草(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)，如長白落(luo)(luo)(luo)葉松沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、長白落(luo)(luo)(luo)葉松-白樺沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、白樺沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、白樺-柳葉繡(xiu)線菊沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)等森(sen)林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)；柳葉繡(xiu)線菊-苔草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、柳叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、蒿柳-苔草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)等灌叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)；修氏苔草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆葦沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆葦-香蒲沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、小葉章(zhang)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、漂筏(fa)苔草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)等草(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)，濕地類型(xing)豐富，分布(bu)廣(guang)，面(mian)積大，幾乎(hu)囊括(kuo)了我國(guo)(guo)北方林區的(de)(de)所有沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)類型(xing)，有著廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)代表性，具有我國(guo)(guo)溫(wen)帶濕地的(de)(de)典型(xing)特征。

濕地公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)分布(bu)有(you)(you)野生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)123科(ke)(ke)350屬605種(zhong)(zhong)，其中蘚(xian)類(lei)(lei)(lei)24科(ke)(ke)47屬66種(zhong)(zhong)，蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)(lei)16科(ke)(ke)29屬46種(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)83科(ke)(ke)274屬493種(zhong)(zhong)。其中，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)7種(zhong)(zhong)：紅(hong)松、黃檗、紫(zi)椴、烏(wu)蘇里狐尾藻、水(shui)曲柳、浮葉慈菇和野大豆。豐富的植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)多樣性為(wei)眾多野生動物(wu)提供了良好的棲(qi)(qi)息環境，據(ju)調(diao)查公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)共分布(bu)有(you)(you)脊(ji)椎動物(wu)33目86科(ke)(ke)379種(zhong)(zhong)。其中，獸類(lei)(lei)(lei)6目15科(ke)(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)；魚類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)5目11科(ke)(ke)52種(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲(qi)(qi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)2目6科(ke)(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)；爬行類(lei)(lei)(lei)共有(you)(you)3目4科(ke)(ke)12種(zhong)(zhong)；鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)17目50科(ke)(ke)255種(zhong)(zhong)。分布(bu)有(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)，即紫(zi)貂 、東(dong)方(fang)白鸛、丹頂鶴等；分布(bu)有(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)43種(zhong)(zhong)，如棕熊、黑熊、水(shui)獺(ta)、猞猁、馬鹿、鴛鴦(yang)、花尾榛雞(ji)等，充分顯示出(chu)該(gai)濕地公(gong)園(yuan)的物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)多樣性。

根(gen)據國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)功能區(qu)(qu)劃的(de)(de)(de)理論與原則，結合白樺川濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源分(fen)布特點及將該公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)劃分(fen)為五大(da)功能區(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、合理利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)、宣(xuan)(xuan)教(jiao)展示區(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復重(zhong)建(jian)區(qu)(qu)和(he)管(guan)(guan)理服務區(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)分(fen)布在公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)廣大(da)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)，占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積7468.88公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，主要分(fen)布著大(da)面(mian)(mian)積原生(sheng)性的(de)(de)(de)沼澤濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)森林生(sheng)態(tai)系統，也是重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)動物(wu)棲息地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及候鳥(niao)繁殖停歇(xie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。合理利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)部(bu)，占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積611.49公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包括濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景觀(guan)游覽、森林人家、伐木場、熔巖浴(yu)場、火山口、暖泉和(he)響泉、森林探險和(he)狩獵場等(deng)。宣(xuan)(xuan)教(jiao)展示區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)部(bu)，占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積為223.33公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包括標本館(guan)、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)園(yuan)(yuan)、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鳥(niao)類(lei)觀(guan)賞園(yuan)(yuan)和(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)知識宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)館(guan)，充分(fen)利用(yong)現有的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源和(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)條件，以濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)活(huo)體或(huo)標本和(he)圖片為載體向公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)展示濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)科學內(nei)涵；恢(hui)復重(zhong)建(jian)區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)南部(bu)，占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積200.87公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，將公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)退化的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、林地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)或(huo)廢棄農(nong)田進行恢(hui)復，使(shi)其生(sheng)態(tai)系統恢(hui)復到(dao)初(chu)始狀(zhuang)態(tai)，提高生(sheng)態(tai)系統功能。管(guan)(guan)理服務區(qu)(qu)占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)36.85公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包括管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)心、游客接待中(zhong)心和(he)服務點等(deng)，建(jian)成(cheng)后將成(cheng)為集(ji)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理、職(zhi)工教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)及對外服務于(yu)(yu)(yu)一體的(de)(de)(de)綜合服務區(qu)(qu)。

東北林(lin)業大學(xue)、黑(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)林(lin)業設計研究(jiu)院組成生(sheng)態學(xue)、植物學(xue)、土(tu)壤學(xue)、動物學(xue)、林(lin)學(xue)、地理信(xin)息(xi)系統等多學(xue)科的(de)專家科考小組，先(xian)后(hou)對白樺(hua)川濕(shi)(shi)地公園的(de)自然概況、動植物資源以(yi)及社會(hui)經濟狀況等進(jin)行了(le)綜合考察。并在大量(liang)的(de)科學(xue)考察的(de)基礎(chu)上，完成了(le)《黑(hei)龍(long)江白樺(hua)川國家濕(shi)(shi)地公園總(zong)體規劃》，為(wei)白樺(hua)川濕(shi)(shi)地公園的(de)建設和發展提供了(le)科學(xue)依據(ju)。

公(gong)園內植物(wu)種類(lei)繁多，植被類(lei)型(xing)多樣，生境(jing)(jing)各異，自然(ran)景觀獨特，不僅分布有森林、沼澤、草(cao)甸、水域及草(cao)塘等(deng)生態系統(tong)(tong)類(lei)型(xing)，而且(qie)還分布有五千(qian)年(nian)前火山噴發后(hou)形成的(de)(de)(de)熔巖臺地景觀，如火山口、熔巖臺地、熔巖浴場(chang)等(deng)，特殊(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)、特殊(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)顏(yan)色(se)、特殊(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)景觀，都會給游客帶來無(wu)窮(qiong)的(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)象和(he)好(hao)奇。因此(ci)，為了更好(hao)地保(bao)護這片原生性(xing)沼澤濕(shi)地生態系統(tong)(tong)，提高人們保(bao)護生態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)及回歸自然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)情趣，建立白樺川國家濕(shi)地公(gong)園將具有重要的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)實意(yi)義和(he)歷史(shi)意(yi)義。