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黑龍(long)江(jiang)(jiang)白樺川濕地(di)(di)公園位(wei)于黑龍(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省寧安市(shi)沙蘭鎮北部，屬長白山系，處在張(zhang)廣才嶺(ling)(ling)和老爺嶺(ling)(ling)之間的(de)牡(mu)丹江(jiang)(jiang)上游谷(gu)地(di)(di)，東(dong)臨三陵鄉和渤海鎮，南(nan)與吉林(lin)省毗鄰(lin)，西部和北部與海林(lin)鎮相接(jie)。地(di)(di)理坐標為(wei)：東(dong)經(jing)128°39′01″～128°48′15″，北緯(wei)44°12′04″～44°19′54″，南(nan)北距(ju)14.5 km，東(dong)西距(ju)12.2 km，總面(mian)積8571hm2。

濕(shi)地公園(yuan)地處(chu)溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)陸性季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候區，四季(ji)氣(qi)候變化明顯。主要(yao)表現為春(chun)季(ji)風(feng)大(da)干旱，夏季(ji)溫(wen)濕(shi)多(duo)雨，秋(qiu)季(ji)多(duo)風(feng)干燥，冬(dong)季(ji)寒冷(leng)而漫長(chang)。年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)在2.5°C左右(you)，年平(ping)均降水量在650毫米左右(you)，主要(yao)集中(zhong)在7至8月(yue)份，無霜期90至100天。

公園內主要河流(liu)有哈拉(la)河和蛤蟆塘河兩條河流(liu)，他們(men)均流(liu)入鏡(jing)泊(bo)(bo)湖(hu)，是(shi)鏡(jing)泊(bo)(bo)湖(hu)的(de)(de)重要水源地(di)，該濕地(di)公園的(de)(de)建設和發(fa)展對于維護鏡(jing)泊(bo)(bo)湖(hu)的(de)(de)涵養水源及區域(yu)經(jing)濟發(fa)展將發(fa)揮重要的(de)(de)經(jing)濟價(jia)值和社會價(jia)值。

公(gong)園內分(fen)布(bu)有大(da)面積(ji)的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)生態系(xi)統，主要有河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)、湖泊濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)、沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)和(he)草(cao)(cao)塘（水生植物群落）等(deng)(deng)，沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)又(you)可分(fen)為森林(lin)(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)和(he)草(cao)(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)，如(ru)長白落葉(xie)松沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、長白落葉(xie)松-白樺(hua)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、白樺(hua)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、白樺(hua)-柳葉(xie)繡(xiu)(xiu)線(xian)菊沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)等(deng)(deng)森林(lin)(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)；柳葉(xie)繡(xiu)(xiu)線(xian)菊-苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、柳叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、蒿柳-苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)等(deng)(deng)灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)；修(xiu)氏苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆葦(wei)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆葦(wei)-香蒲沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、小(xiao)葉(xie)章沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、漂(piao)筏(fa)苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)等(deng)(deng)草(cao)(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)類型(xing)豐富，分(fen)布(bu)廣，面積(ji)大(da)，幾乎囊括了我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)北方(fang)林(lin)(lin)區(qu)的(de)所有沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)類型(xing)，有著廣泛的(de)代表性，具(ju)有我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)溫帶濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)的(de)典型(xing)特征。

濕(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)內分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)野(ye)生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)123科(ke)350屬(shu)605種(zhong)(zhong)，其中蘚(xian)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)24科(ke)47屬(shu)66種(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)16科(ke)29屬(shu)46種(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)83科(ke)274屬(shu)493種(zhong)(zhong)。其中，國家(jia)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)7種(zhong)(zhong)：紅松、黃檗、紫椴(duan)、烏蘇里狐尾(wei)(wei)藻、水曲柳(liu)、浮葉慈菇和野(ye)大(da)豆(dou)。豐富的植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)多樣性(xing)(xing)為眾多野(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)提供了良好(hao)的棲(qi)息(xi)環境，據調查公園(yuan)(yuan)內共(gong)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)脊(ji)椎(zhui)動物(wu)(wu)33目(mu)(mu)86科(ke)379種(zhong)(zhong)。其中，獸類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)6目(mu)(mu)15科(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)；魚類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)5目(mu)(mu)11科(ke)52種(zhong)(zhong)；兩(liang)棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)2目(mu)(mu)6科(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)；爬行類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)3目(mu)(mu)4科(ke)12種(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)17目(mu)(mu)50科(ke)255種(zhong)(zhong)。分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)國家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保護動物(wu)(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)，即紫貂 、東方白(bai)鸛、丹頂鶴等；分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)國家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保護動物(wu)(wu)43種(zhong)(zhong)，如棕熊、黑熊、水獺、猞猁、馬鹿、鴛鴦、花尾(wei)(wei)榛雞等，充分(fen)顯示出該濕(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)的物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)多樣性(xing)(xing)。

根據(ju)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)功能(neng)區劃的(de)(de)理論與原則，結合(he)白樺川濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)資(zi)源分(fen)(fen)(fen)布特(te)點及將該公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)五大(da)功能(neng)區，即濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)保育(yu)區、合(he)理利用區、宣教展(zhan)示區、恢(hui)(hui)復重(zhong)建(jian)區和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)區。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)保育(yu)區分(fen)(fen)(fen)布在公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)的(de)(de)廣大(da)區域(yu)，占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)7468.88公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，主要(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布著大(da)面(mian)積(ji)原生(sheng)性的(de)(de)沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)和(he)(he)(he)森林生(sheng)態系統(tong)，也是重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)野生(sheng)動物棲息(xi)地(di)及候鳥(niao)繁殖(zhi)停歇地(di)。合(he)理利用區位于公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)部，占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)611.49公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，包(bao)括(kuo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)景觀游(you)覽、森林人(ren)家、伐木場、熔巖浴場、火山口、暖泉和(he)(he)(he)響(xiang)泉、森林探險和(he)(he)(he)狩獵場等(deng)。宣教展(zhan)示區位于公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)部，占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)223.33公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，包(bao)括(kuo)標本館、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)植(zhi)物園(yuan)(yuan)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)鳥(niao)類(lei)觀賞(shang)園(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)知識宣傳館，充分(fen)(fen)(fen)利用現有(you)的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)資(zi)源和(he)(he)(he)地(di)形地(di)貌條件，以濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)動植(zhi)物活體或(huo)標本和(he)(he)(he)圖(tu)片為(wei)(wei)載體向公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾展(zhan)示濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)的(de)(de)科學內(nei)涵；恢(hui)(hui)復重(zhong)建(jian)區位于公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)南部，占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)200.87公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，將公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)退化(hua)的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)、林地(di)或(huo)廢(fei)棄農田進行恢(hui)(hui)復，使(shi)其生(sheng)態系統(tong)恢(hui)(hui)復到初始狀態，提(ti)高生(sheng)態系統(tong)功能(neng)。管(guan)(guan)理服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)區占(zhan)地(di)36.85公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，包(bao)括(kuo)管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、游(you)客接待中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)和(he)(he)(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)點等(deng)，建(jian)成(cheng)后將成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)集濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理、職工教育(yu)及對(dui)外服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)于一體的(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)區。

東北林(lin)(lin)業大學(xue)(xue)(xue)、黑龍江(jiang)省林(lin)(lin)業設(she)計研究院組成生(sheng)態學(xue)(xue)(xue)、植物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、土壤學(xue)(xue)(xue)、動物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、林(lin)(lin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、地(di)(di)(di)理信息(xi)系統等多學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)專家(jia)科(ke)(ke)考(kao)小組，先后對(dui)白樺(hua)川濕地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)的(de)自(zi)然概(gai)況、動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)以及社會經濟狀(zhuang)況等進行了綜合考(kao)察。并在大量(liang)的(de)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)考(kao)察的(de)基礎上，完(wan)成了《黑龍江(jiang)白樺(hua)川國家(jia)濕地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)總體規劃》，為白樺(hua)川濕地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)的(de)建設(she)和(he)發展提供了科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)依據(ju)。

公園內植(zhi)(zhi)物種類繁多，植(zhi)(zhi)被類型多樣，生(sheng)境各異，自(zi)然(ran)景(jing)觀(guan)獨特，不僅分布有森林、沼(zhao)澤、草甸、水域及草塘等(deng)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)類型，而且還(huan)分布有五千(qian)年前火山噴(pen)發后形成的熔(rong)(rong)巖(yan)臺(tai)地(di)(di)景(jing)觀(guan)，如火山口、熔(rong)(rong)巖(yan)臺(tai)地(di)(di)、熔(rong)(rong)巖(yan)浴場等(deng)，特殊(shu)的歷史(shi)、特殊(shu)的顏色、特殊(shu)的景(jing)觀(guan)，都會給游客帶來無(wu)窮的想(xiang)象(xiang)和好奇。因此，為了(le)更好地(di)(di)保(bao)護這片(pian)原生(sheng)性(xing)沼(zhao)澤濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)，提高人們保(bao)護生(sheng)態環境及回歸自(zi)然(ran)的情趣，建立白樺川(chuan)國家濕地(di)(di)公園將(jiang)具有重要的現實意義和歷史(shi)意義。