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大同長城怎么樣

大(da)(da)同古(gu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)萬里長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成(cheng)部(bu)分，主要(yao)分布(bu)于大(da)(da)同市的(de)(de)(de)天鎮縣、陽高(gao)縣、新(xin)榮(rong)區(qu)、左云(yun)縣、渾源縣、靈(ling)丘(qiu)縣、廣靈(ling)縣7個縣區(qu)。大(da)(da)同的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷史(shi)所跨朝(chao)代較多，現存主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)明代長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。大(da)(da)同作為當(dang)時(shi)拱衛京都的(de)(de)(de)屏障，明長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分外(wai)(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和內長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，如今的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)同市居(ju)于內外(wai)(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之間，南部(bu)和北部(bu)、西(xi)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)行政區(qu)劃線(xian)大(da)(da)部(bu)分以(yi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為界。2009年公(gong)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)資源調查數據(ju)中，大(da)(da)同市境內明代長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)343167米(mi)，共有長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)烽火臺、古(gu)堡等843處(chu)(chu)。1986年8月18日(ri)，大(da)(da)同長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)被(bei)山西(xi)省人民政府公(gong)布(bu)為第二批省級文(wen)物保護單位。相關的(de)(de)(de)壁畫、雕刻(ke)、碑文(wen)等與長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有直接關系的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)物超(chao)過2000處(chu)(chu)。天鎮縣新(xin)平堡的(de)(de)(de)玉(yu)皇閣鎮邊(bian)樓以(yi)及修在海拔1736米(mi)山頂(ding)上的(de)(de)(de)樺門堡，陽高(gao)縣墩(dun)臺密布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)，新(xin)榮(rong)區(qu)拱衛北魏皇陵(ling)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)山長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和得勝(sheng)堡等邊(bian)墻五(wu)堡，左云(yun)摩天嶺(ling)兩個制高(gao)點之間的(de)(de)(de)寧魯樓，靈(ling)丘(qiu)牛幫口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)內長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)同長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)精美華章(zhang)。

歷史沿革

據《三(san)云(yun)(yun)籌(chou)俎考·大(da)(da)同總鎮(zhen)圖說》統計，大(da)(da)同鎮(zhen)先后修大(da)(da)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)、二邊(bian)(bian)(bian)516．3里(li)(li)；內(nei)(nei)五堡(bao)、外(wai)五堡(bao)、塞外(wai)五堡(bao)、云(yun)(yun)岡六堡(bao)等主要城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)72座(zuo)（城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)20，堡(bao)52）；邊(bian)(bian)(bian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)776個(ge)；火路墩(dun)(dun)833個(ge)。在(zai)大(da)(da)同明長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自居庸(yong)(yong)關(guan)以西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，分南北兩(liang)線到山西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)偏(pian)關(guan)會合，被稱為(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)、外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)即居庸(yong)(yong)關(guan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北經(jing)赤(chi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、崇禮、張家口(kou)、萬全、懷(huai)安(an)而(er)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)大(da)(da)同市(shi)(shi)(shi)的天鎮(zhen)、陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)、大(da)(da)同、左(zuo)(zuo)云(yun)(yun)沿內(nei)(nei)蒙古、山西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)交界(jie)(jie)(jie)處，達(da)于偏(pian)關(guan)、河曲(qu)；內(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從(cong)居庸(yong)(yong)關(guan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南經(jing)河北易縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、渾(hun)(hun)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、阜(fu)平而(er)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)大(da)(da)同市(shi)(shi)(shi)的靈(ling)丘(qiu)、渾(hun)(hun)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，再經(jing)應縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、繁峙、神池而(er)至老(lao)營(ying)。據現存(cun)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實測，外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分別由(you)懷(huai)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)桃溝村(cun)(cun)(cun)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)洋(yang)河鄉馬(ma)市(shi)(shi)(shi)口(kou)南北兩(liang)路進(jin)入(ru)(ru)天鎮(zhen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)(jing)，在(zai)新平樂村(cun)(cun)(cun)與西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)路長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相交。天鎮(zhen)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)約(yue) 105華(hua)(hua)里(li)(li)，存(cun)黃土夯筑的墩(dun)(dun)臺61座(zuo)。由(you)天鎮(zhen)水磨口(kou)向西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)三(san)里(li)(li)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)十九墩(dun)(dun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)界(jie)(jie)(jie)，至鎮(zhen)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)堡(bao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)出陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)大(da)(da)同市(shi)(shi)(shi)區境(jing)(jing)。陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)計 100余(yu)里(li)(li)，現存(cun)夯土處臺 119座(zuo)。從(cong)陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)鎮(zhen)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)堡(bao)向西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)約(yue)八(ba)華(hua)(hua)里(li)(li)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)大(da)(da)同元墩(dun)(dun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)界(jie)(jie)(jie)，經(jing)鎮(zhen)川口(kou)、宏賜堡(bao)、鎮(zhen)羌堡(bao)，經(jing)拒墻(qiang)口(kou)、拒門口(kou)、助馬(ma)口(kou)至十三(san)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)，轉南至磚樓溝入(ru)(ru)左(zuo)(zuo)云(yun)(yun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)(jie)。另一(yi)條由(you)宏賜堡(bao)向西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)經(jing)新榮(rong)、破魯至吳施窯入(ru)(ru)左(zuo)(zuo)云(yun)(yun)界(jie)(jie)(jie)，這道長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)當地人稱“二道邊(bian)(bian)(bian)”。南北兩(liang)道長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共 210華(hua)(hua)里(li)(li)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)大(da)(da)同磚樓向南進(jin)入(ru)(ru)左(zuo)(zuo)云(yun)(yun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)保安(an)堡(bao)地界(jie)(jie)(jie)，至二十邊(bian)(bian)(bian)向西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北出左(zuo)(zuo)云(yun)(yun)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)右玉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)(jie)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)左(zuo)(zuo)云(yun)(yun)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)86華(hua)(hua)里(li)(li)。以上這段(duan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)大(da)(da)同市(shi)(shi)(shi)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)約(yue)長(chang)(chang)(chang) 501華(hua)(hua)里(li)(li)。大(da)(da)同市(shi)(shi)(shi)、渾(hun)(hun)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、靈(ling)丘(qiu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)的明長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周內(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。渾(hun)(hun)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)計 160華(hua)(hua)里(li)(li)，靈(ling)丘(qiu)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue) 190華(hua)(hua)里(li)(li)。明內(nei)(nei)、外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)大(da)(da)同境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)總長(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei) 800多華(hua)(hua)里(li)(li)。為(wei)(wei)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)重點文物保護單位(wei)。