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大同長城怎么樣

大同(tong)(tong)古長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)萬(wan)里長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組成部(bu)分，主(zhu)要(yao)分布于大同(tong)(tong)市的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)鎮(zhen)縣、陽高(gao)縣、新(xin)榮(rong)(rong)區(qu)(qu)、左云縣、渾源縣、靈丘(qiu)縣、廣靈縣7個縣區(qu)(qu)。大同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷(li)史(shi)所跨朝代(dai)較多，現存主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)明代(dai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。大同(tong)(tong)作為當時拱衛(wei)京都的(de)(de)(de)屏障，明長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)內長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，如今的(de)(de)(de)大同(tong)(tong)市居于內外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之間，南部(bu)和(he)北部(bu)、西部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)行政區(qu)(qu)劃線大部(bu)分以長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為界。2009年公布的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)資源調查數據中，大同(tong)(tong)市境內明代(dai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)343167米(mi)，共(gong)有長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)烽火臺(tai)、古堡(bao)等(deng)(deng)843處(chu)。1986年8月18日，大同(tong)(tong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)被山西省人民政府公布為第二批省級(ji)文(wen)(wen)物保護單位。相關的(de)(de)(de)壁畫(hua)、雕(diao)刻、碑文(wen)(wen)等(deng)(deng)與長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有直接關系的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)物超(chao)過(guo)2000處(chu)。天(tian)鎮(zhen)縣新(xin)平堡(bao)的(de)(de)(de)玉皇閣鎮(zhen)邊(bian)(bian)樓(lou)以及修在海拔1736米(mi)山頂上的(de)(de)(de)樺門堡(bao)，陽高(gao)縣墩臺(tai)密布的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)，新(xin)榮(rong)(rong)區(qu)(qu)拱衛(wei)北魏皇陵的(de)(de)(de)方山長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)得勝堡(bao)等(deng)(deng)邊(bian)(bian)墻五堡(bao)，左云摩天(tian)嶺兩個制高(gao)點(dian)之間的(de)(de)(de)寧魯(lu)樓(lou)，靈丘(qiu)牛幫口的(de)(de)(de)內長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都是(shi)大同(tong)(tong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)美華(hua)章。

歷史沿革

據《三(san)云(yun)(yun)籌俎考(kao)·大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)總鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)圖說》統計(ji)，大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)先后修大(da)邊(bian)、二邊(bian)516．3里(li)；內(nei)(nei)(nei)五堡(bao)(bao)(bao)、外五堡(bao)(bao)(bao)、塞外五堡(bao)(bao)(bao)、云(yun)(yun)岡六堡(bao)(bao)(bao)等(deng)主要城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)(bao)(bao)72座(zuo)（城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)20，堡(bao)(bao)(bao)52）；邊(bian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)776個；火路墩(dun)(dun)833個。在(zai)大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)明長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自居(ju)庸(yong)關(guan)(guan)以西(xi)(xi)(xi)，分南(nan)北(bei)兩線到山西(xi)(xi)(xi)偏(pian)關(guan)(guan)會合(he)，被稱為內(nei)(nei)(nei)、外長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。外長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)即居(ju)庸(yong)關(guan)(guan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)經(jing)赤(chi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、崇禮(li)、張家口(kou)、萬(wan)全、懷(huai)安(an)而(er)進入(ru)大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)市(shi)的(de)天(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陽高、大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、左(zuo)云(yun)(yun)沿內(nei)(nei)(nei)蒙古、山西(xi)(xi)(xi)交(jiao)界(jie)處，達于偏(pian)關(guan)(guan)、河(he)曲；內(nei)(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從(cong)居(ju)庸(yong)關(guan)(guan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)經(jing)河(he)北(bei)易縣、渾(hun)(hun)源、阜平(ping)而(er)進入(ru)大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)市(shi)的(de)靈(ling)(ling)丘(qiu)、渾(hun)(hun)源，再經(jing)應(ying)縣、繁峙、神池(chi)而(er)至老營。據現存(cun)(cun)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實測，外長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分別由(you)(you)懷(huai)安(an)縣桃溝村、西(xi)(xi)(xi)洋河(he)鄉馬(ma)市(shi)口(kou)南(nan)北(bei)兩路進入(ru)天(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)縣境(jing)，在(zai)新平(ping)樂村與西(xi)(xi)(xi)路長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相交(jiao)。天(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)約 105華里(li)，存(cun)(cun)黃土夯(hang)筑的(de)墩(dun)(dun)臺(tai)(tai)61座(zuo)。由(you)(you)天(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)水(shui)磨口(kou)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)三(san)里(li)進入(ru)陽高縣十(shi)九墩(dun)(dun)村界(jie)，至鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)邊(bian)堡(bao)(bao)(bao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)出(chu)陽高進入(ru)大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)市(shi)區(qu)境(jing)。陽高境(jing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)計(ji) 100余里(li)，現存(cun)(cun)夯(hang)土處臺(tai)(tai) 119座(zuo)。從(cong)陽高鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)邊(bian)堡(bao)(bao)(bao)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)約八華里(li)進入(ru)大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)元墩(dun)(dun)村界(jie)，經(jing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)川口(kou)、宏賜堡(bao)(bao)(bao)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)羌堡(bao)(bao)(bao)，經(jing)拒墻口(kou)、拒門口(kou)、助馬(ma)口(kou)至十(shi)三(san)邊(bian)，轉南(nan)至磚(zhuan)樓(lou)溝入(ru)左(zuo)云(yun)(yun)縣界(jie)。另一條由(you)(you)宏賜堡(bao)(bao)(bao)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)經(jing)新榮、破(po)魯至吳施窯入(ru)左(zuo)云(yun)(yun)界(jie)，這(zhe)道(dao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)當地(di)人稱“二道(dao)邊(bian)”。南(nan)北(bei)兩道(dao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共 210華里(li)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)(you)大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)磚(zhuan)樓(lou)向(xiang)南(nan)進入(ru)左(zuo)云(yun)(yun)縣保安(an)堡(bao)(bao)(bao)地(di)界(jie)，至二十(shi)邊(bian)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)出(chu)左(zuo)云(yun)(yun)進入(ru)右玉縣界(jie)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)左(zuo)云(yun)(yun)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約86華里(li)。以上這(zhe)段長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)市(shi)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)約長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang) 501華里(li)。大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)市(shi)、渾(hun)(hun)源、靈(ling)(ling)丘(qiu)縣境(jing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)明長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周內(nei)(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。渾(hun)(hun)源境(jing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)計(ji) 160華里(li)，靈(ling)(ling)丘(qiu)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約 190華里(li)。明內(nei)(nei)(nei)、外長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)總長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為 800多華里(li)。為山西(xi)(xi)(xi)省重點文物保護單位。