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清泰陵怎么樣

清泰陵是清世(shi)宗(zong)雍(yong)正(zheng)帝及(ji)其(qi)皇(huang)后(hou)的合葬(zang)(zang)陵墓(mu)，位于距易縣15公里的永寧山下(xia)，海拔382米(mi)，始建于1730年（雍(yong)正(zheng)八年），占地8.47公頃，內葬(zang)(zang)世(shi)宗(zong)雍(yong)正(zheng)帝、孝敬憲皇(huang)后(hou)、敦肅皇(huang)貴妃。

清泰陵整個(ge)陵寢分前(qian)(qian)后兩個(ge)部(bu)(bu)分，前(qian)(qian)部(bu)(bu)分是(shi)(shi)門、坊(fang)、碑、亭，后部(bu)(bu)分主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)殿(dian)宇和地(di)下(xia)宮殿(dian)。五(wu)孔石拱(gong)橋(qiao)是(shi)(shi)泰陵最(zui)前(qian)(qian)面的(de)建(jian)筑，10．94米寬，87米長(chang)，拱(gong)高4．9米，由長(chang)方形青白石建(jian)成(cheng)。五(wu)孔橋(qiao)北，有巍峨(e)高大(da)雕(diao)工精美的(de)三座石牌坊(fang)，一座居中橫跨神(shen)道(dao)，二(er)座稍后，分列左右。大(da)紅門是(shi)(shi)西(xi)陵的(de)總門戶，門有三洞(dong)，設東西(xi)便門各一。

景點景觀

泰陵作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)典型的清(qing)式宮殿(dian)式建筑群，不但(dan)更(geng)(geng)注重以完美(mei)的融山(shan)水(shui)環(huan)境(jing)、人文景觀為(wei)(wei)一體的中(zhong)國“風水(shui)”相法為(wei)(wei)選址依據，形成山(shan)形河流作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)“風水(shui)”中(zhong)強調的靠山(shan)、案山(shan)、照山(shan)，龍脈和水(shui)口，建筑與(yu)整體布局也較為(wei)(wei)完整與(yu)巧(qiao)妙，更(geng)(geng)加注重實用性(xing)；建筑風格(ge)與(yu)規制更(geng)(geng)加精美(mei)豪華，使之更(geng)(geng)具有觀賞(shang)性(xing)。

由(you)于雍正(zheng)(zheng)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)首(shou)建(jian)(jian)泰陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，從(cong)而產生(sheng)了(le)(le)“昭(zhao)穆相(xiang)間的(de)兆葬(zang)(zang)(zang)之制(zhi)(zhi)”。原由(you)是(shi)因雍正(zheng)(zheng)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)首(shou)先在(zai)(zai)西(xi)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)建(jian)(jian)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)后，其(qi)子(zi)(zi)乾隆認為(wei)(wei)如自(zi)己也隨其(qi)父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)建(jian)(jian)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，就會(hui)使已葬(zang)(zang)(zang)于清(qing)(qing)東(dong)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)圣(sheng)祖(zu)康(kang)熙、世(shi)祖(zu)順治帝(di)(di)受(shou)到(dao)冷落(luo)；如果(guo)在(zai)(zai)東(dong)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)建(jian)(jian)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，同樣(yang)又(you)會(hui)使其(qi)父(fu)(fu)雍正(zheng)(zheng)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)受(shou)到(dao)冷落(luo)。為(wei)(wei)解其(qi)難，乾隆皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)定下了(le)(le)“父(fu)(fu)東(dong)子(zi)(zi)西(xi)，父(fu)(fu)西(xi)子(zi)(zi)東(dong)”的(de)建(jian)(jian)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)規制(zhi)(zhi)，如父(fu)(fu)親葬(zang)(zang)(zang)東(dong)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，則兒皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)西(xi)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，父(fu)(fu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)西(xi)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，則兒皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)東(dong)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，此稱之為(wei)(wei)“昭(zhao)穆相(xiang)間的(de)兆葬(zang)(zang)(zang)之制(zhi)(zhi)”。也正(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)由(you)于這種墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)才(cai)形成了(le)(le)清(qing)(qing)東(dong)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、清(qing)(qing)西(xi)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)現有的(de)格局，造成了(le)(le)清(qing)(qing)東(dong)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、清(qing)(qing)西(xi)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)兩大陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)群與中國(guo)明(ming)朝(chao)以前歷代皇(huang)(huang)家陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)寢(qin)建(jian)(jian)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)根(gen)本不同之處。

清泰陵東(dong)面，雍正為(wei)(wei)其21個(ge)妃嬪建造了(le)泰妃園寢。乾(qian)隆為(wei)(wei)其母孝圣憲皇(huang)太后修(xiu)建了(le)泰東(dong)陵。主體建筑自最南端(duan)的火焰牌(pai)樓開(kai)始(shi)，過一座五孔石拱(gong)橋，便開(kai)始(shi)了(le)西陵最長(chang)的神路——2.5公里長(chang)的泰陵神路，沿(yan)神路往(wang)北至(zhi)寶頂，首先(xian)映(ying)入眼簾的是著名(ming)的石牌(pai)坊和(he)大紅(hong)門。

墓主生平

清(qing)世(shi)宗，名愛新(xin)覺羅·胤禛（公元1678年12月13日(ri)－1735年10月28日(ri)），康(kang)(kang)熙皇帝(di)第(di)四子，康(kang)(kang)熙病(bing)死后繼位，為(wei)清(qing)代(dai)入(ru)關(guan)第(di)3帝(di)。雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)正是(shi)(shi)一(yi)位十分(fen)復(fu)雜而矛盾的(de)(de)歷(li)史人(ren)物(wu)，他(ta)是(shi)(shi)勇于(yu)革新(xin)、勤于(yu)理政(zheng)的(de)(de)杰出政(zheng)治(zhi)家(jia)，對康(kang)(kang)熙晚年的(de)(de)積弊進行改革整(zheng)頓(dun)，一(yi)掃頹風，使(shi)吏治(zhi)澄清(qing)、統治(zhi)穩定(ding)、國(guo)庫(ku)充盈、人(ren)民(min)(min)負擔減輕。但他(ta)畢竟是(shi)(shi)封建皇帝(di)，有(you)著重大(da)(da)(da)過失和(he)種種局限。在(zai)功績上：雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)正首(shou)先取(qu)消(xiao)了千百年來(lai)的(de)(de)“人(ren)丁稅”，實行了有(you)利于(yu)貧農(nong)的(de)(de)“攤(tan)丁入(ru)畝”，這個中(zhong)國(guo)賦稅制(zhi)度的(de)(de)重大(da)(da)(da)變(bian)革；創立(li)軍(jun)機處，推(tui)廣奏折(zhe)制(zhi)度。明(ming)代(dai)權力集于(yu)內閣，故有(you)權相產(chan)生(sheng)。清(qing)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)正把(ba)權力進一(yi)步集中(zhong)在(zai)皇帝(di)手(shou)中(zhong)，創立(li)軍(jun)機處，軍(jun)機大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)直(zhi)接與各地(di)、各部打(da)交(jiao)道，了解地(di)方情形，傳達(da)皇帝(di)意(yi)旨；在(zai)少數(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)區實行改土歸流，打(da)擊和(he)限制(zhi)了土司的(de)(de)割據和(he)特(te)權，對民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)區的(de)(de)經濟文化發展(zhan)有(you)利。此外，雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)正還有(you)許多(duo)值得稱道的(de)(de)政(zheng)績，如懲治(zhi)貪(tan)污(wu)、解放賤民(min)(min)、平定(ding)羅卜藏丹津、始派駐藏大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)等，為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)統一(yi)與發展(zhan)做(zuo)出了貢(gong)獻。