唐(tang)玄(xuan)宗因病晝臥。夢一大鬼(gui)破帽藍包、角帶朝靴,捉小鬼(gui)啖之。自稱終(zhong)南進士鐘(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui),應(ying)舉不(bu)第(di),觸(chu)階而(er)死。玄(xuan)宗夢覺(jue)而(er)疾愈,命畫(hua)家吳(wu)道(dao)子圖(tu)(tu)其象。其說自唐(tang)時始傳,時翰林院例于(yu)歲末進鐘(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)像(xiang)(xiang),皇帝并以(yi)之賜大臣(chen)。民間亦是懸(xuan)像(xiang)(xiang)于(yu)門首(shou),謂可驅(qu)邪逐鬼(gui)。唐(tang)、宋時掛鐘(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)像(xiang)(xiang)多(duo)在(zai)歲首(shou),其后則(ze)改在(zai)端午。唐(tang)張(zhang)說有《謝賜鐘(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)畫(hua)表(biao)》劉禹錫有《代(dai)杜相(xiang)公謝賜鐘(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)歷日表(biao)》。《新五(wu)代(dai)史·吳(wu)越世家》:“歲除,畫(hua)工獻《鐘(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)擊鬼(gui)圖(tu)(tu)》。”宋沈括(kuo)《補筆談》:“熙寧(ning)五(wu)年,上令畫(hua)工模搨吳(wu)道(dao)子鐘(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)像(xiang)(xiang)鐫(juan)版。除夜,遣(qian)內供奉官梁(liang)楷就東西府給賜。”清(qing)顧祿(lu)《清(qing)嘉(jia)錄(lu)·五(wu)月·掛鐘(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)圖(tu)(tu)》:“堂中(zhong)掛鐘(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)畫(hua)圖(tu)(tu)一月,以(yi)祛邪魅。”又(you)引吳(wu)曼云《江鄉(xiang)節物詞》小序:“杭(hang)俗,鐘(zhong)(zhong)進士畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang),端午懸(xuan)之以(yi)逐疫(yi)。”
終南進(jin)士舞龍泉,端午時(shi)節壁上懸。
仗君辟邪殲群(qun)丑,免得鬼魅(mei)擾人間。
《事物紀原》中(zhong)說:唐明皇(huang)夢(meng)小鬼(gui)喧擾,有(you)大(da)鬼(gui)捉(zhuo)小鬼(gui)食之(zhi)。問為誰,對曰臣(chen)終南(nan)進士鐘(zhong)馗(kui)也。因應舉不捷,觸殿階而死,誓除天(tian)下虛(xu)耗妖(yao)孽。明皇(huang)乃召(zhao)吳(wu)道子畫鐘(zhong)馗(kui)像供之(zhi)。后民間亦多供奉。清李福有(you)《鐘(zhong)馗(kui)圖》詩:『面目猙獰膽氣粗,榴紅蒲碧座懸圖。仗(zhang)君掃蕩幺么(me)枝,免使人(ren)間鬼(gui)畫符(fu)。』即(ji)描(miao)寫在端午時(shi)供鐘(zhong)馗(kui)事。《燕京歲時(shi)記》:『每至端陽市,肆間用尺幅黃紙,蓋以(yi)朱印(yin),或繪畫天(tian)師鐘(zhong)馗(kui)之(zhi)像,或繪畫五毒符(fu)咒之(zhi)形,懸而售之(zhi)。都人(ren)士爭相購買,粘之(zhi)中(zhong)門,以(yi)避祟惡(e)。』