五星出(chu)東方利中國(guo)(guo),漢(han)代織(zhi)錦(jin)(jin)護(hu)臂(bei),為國(guo)(guo)家一級文物(wu),中國(guo)(guo)首批禁止出(chu)國(guo)(guo)(境)展覽文物(wu)。被譽(yu)為20世紀(ji)中國(guo)(guo)考古學最偉大的(de)發(fa)(fa)現之一。1995年10月,中日尼(ni)雅遺址學術考察隊成員在新疆和田(tian)地區(qu)民(min)豐縣尼(ni)雅遺址一處(chu)古墓中發(fa)(fa)現該(gai)織(zhi)錦(jin)(jin)。收藏于新疆博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)。
該織(zhi)(zhi)錦呈圓(yuan)角長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),長(chang)18.5厘(li)米(mi),寬12.5厘(li)米(mi),用“五星出東(dong)方(fang)利中國”織(zhi)(zhi)錦為面料(liao),邊(bian)上用白絹(juan)鑲邊(bian),兩個長(chang)邊(bian)上各縫綴(zhui)有3條長(chang)約21厘(li)米(mi)、寬1.5厘(li)米(mi)的白色絹(juan)帶(dai),其(qi)中3條殘(can)斷(duan)。織(zhi)(zhi)有八個篆體漢字:“五星出東(dong)方(fang)利中國”。
通(tong)過(guo)“五(wu)星聚(ju)會(hui)”研(yan)究,科學家們推算出2040年(nian)9月(yue)9日將會(hui)出現(xian)罕見的五(wu)星聚(ju)會(hui)天文奇(qi)觀。
1995年10月(yue),中國—日本尼(ni)雅遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)學術考察隊(dui)成員在(zai)新疆(jiang)和(he)田地(di)區民豐縣(xian)尼(ni)雅遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)處墓地(di)上(shang)(shang)進行例行考古挖(wa)掘,然而幾個月(yue)來,他們(men)在(zai)尼(ni)雅遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)挖(wa)掘一(yi)直沒有(you)什(shen)么新的(de)發現。
就在失望(wang)中,考古(gu)人(ren)員挖開了一(yi)(yi)座古(gu)墓。這是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)兩人(ren)合(he)葬墓。合(he)葬的(de)兩人(ren)身上穿著許多衣物,最顯(xian)眼的(de)是(shi),其中一(yi)(yi)具尸(shi)體(ti)的(de)右(you)臂上綁著一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)色彩鮮艷的(de)織(zhi)錦(jin)。織(zhi)錦(jin)色彩絢爛,文(wen)字激揚(yang),紋樣詭(gui)秘,意蘊(yun)神奇,立刻吸引了所有人(ren)的(de)眼光。
沒有經過太多的辨認,考古人(ren)員就看出織錦上(shang)織的文字(zi):五星出東方利中國。
五星出(chu)東(dong)方(fang)利中(zhong)國除(chu)去文(wen)字之(zhi)外,還有用鮮艷的(de)白、赤、黃、綠(lv)四(si)色在青地上(shang)織出(chu)的(de)漢式典(dian)型(xing)的(de)圖案:云氣紋、鳥獸、辟邪和代表日月(yue)的(de)紅白圓形(xing)紋,方(fang)寸(cun)不(bu)大內涵(han)豐富。
此護膊面(mian)積不大,長18.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬12.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),經(jing)密為2200根(gen)/10厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),緯密240根(gen)/10厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),經(jing)向花紋循環7.4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。
織錦的右(you)(you)(you)側(ce)(ce)保留(liu)著(zhu)幅邊。紋(wen)(wen)(wen)樣從(cong)右(you)(you)(you)側(ce)(ce)開始是(shi)(shi)一對牝(pin)牡珍(zhen)禽(qin),雄鳥站(zhan)在(zai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的低部(bu),昂首(shou)挺立(li)。它(ta)的頭頂是(shi)(shi)篆體“五”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),胸部(bu)左(zuo)(zuo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)上(shang)懸掛著(zhu)一個(ge)(ge)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)花紋(wen)(wen)(wen)。雌鳥站(zhan)在(zai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)上(shang)垂首(shou)面向(xiang)雄鳥,其頸上(shang)方(fang)是(shi)(shi)一白色(se)圓(yuan)形(xing)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)象(xiang)征(zheng)“太陰”,背上(shang)方(fang)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)“星”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),尾(wei)部(bu)下(xia)方(fang)有一個(ge)(ge)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)。與(yu)“星”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)間隔一個(ge)(ge)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)花紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的是(shi)(shi)“出”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。“東”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)兩個(ge)(ge)云(yun)(yun)(yun)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)間隙之上(shang)。“東”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的左(zuo)(zuo)下(xia)方(fang)、一個(ge)(ge)云(yun)(yun)(yun)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)之上(shang)是(shi)(shi)一紅色(se)圓(yuan)形(xing)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)象(xiang)征(zheng)“太陽”。“太陽”左(zuo)(zuo)下(xia)側(ce)(ce)是(shi)(shi)一倒懸云(yun)(yun)(yun)紋(wen)(wen)(wen),云(yun)(yun)(yun)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)凹進處(chu),有一張口(kou)伸舌,昂首(shou)嗥叫的獨角瑞獸,尾(wei)部(bu)下(xia)垂,背上(shang)長有一翅膀,可能是(shi)(shi)“辟邪”。獸角上(shang)方(fang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)上(shang)端是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)“方(fang)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。“利”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)隔著(zhu)一個(ge)(ge)云(yun)(yun)(yun)端在(zai)“方(fang)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)。“利”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)方(fang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的左(zuo)(zuo)側(ce)(ce)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)身著(zhu)豎(shu)條斑(ban)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、豹眼圓(yuan)睜的虎形(xing)動物,后右(you)(you)(you)足踩在(zai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)上(shang),舉步向(xiang)右(you)(you)(you)行,尾(wei)部(bu)高聳,剛(gang)勁有力。其尾(wei)部(bu)右(you)(you)(you)側(ce)(ce)是(shi)(shi)“中”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),左(zuo)(zuo)側(ce)(ce)是(shi)(shi)“國(guo)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。
“五(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)出(chu)東方(fang)(fang)利(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)”八字出(chu)自西漢史學家司馬遷的(de)《史記·天官書(shu)》“五(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分天之(zhi)中(zhong),積于東方(fang)(fang),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)利(li);積于西方(fang)(fang),外(wai)國(guo)(guo)用(兵)者(zhe)利(li)。五(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)皆從辰(chen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而聚(ju)于一舍(she)(she),其所舍(she)(she)之(zhi)國(guo)(guo)可以法(fa)致(zhi)天下。”古代的(de)“五(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”指歲星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、熒惑(huo)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、填星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、太白星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)辰(chen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。天地(di)回(hui)轉,日(ri)月流(liu)逝,五(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)難以聚(ju)合。然而,漢元年十月,五(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)于東井,這在《天宮書(shu)》、《漢書(shu)》、《張耳傳》、《漢紀》均有記載。
此(ci)漢(han)錦(jin)采用(yong)的青赤黃白綠(lv)五(wu)色(se),皆為秦漢(han)以(yi)來發(fa)展廣泛(fan)的植物染料所(suo)得(de)。五(wu)色(se)應(ying)為“青赤黃白黑(hei)”,而(er)該(gai)(gai)錦(jin)用(yong)色(se)為“青赤黃白綠(lv)”,其中(zhong)綠(lv)應(ying)為黑(hei),這里用(yong)了綠(lv)色(se),可能黑(hei)色(se)不夠亮麗(li)而(er)以(yi)綠(lv)色(se)替而(er)代之。五(wu)色(se)的“青赤黃白黑(hei)”分別與五(wu)星(xing)的“歲(sui)星(xing)、熒惑星(xing)、填星(xing)、太白星(xing)和辰星(xing)”一一相對應(ying)。古(gu)人能在(zai)一塊方(fang)寸不大的織(zhi)錦(jin)上把陰陽五(wu)行學說表現得(de)如此(ci)淋漓酣(han)暢(chang),實屬(shu)罕見。該(gai)(gai)錦(jin)的織(zhi)造工藝(yi)非常復雜(za),為漢(han)式織(zhi)錦(jin)最高技術的代表。
中國(guo)古(gu)代關(guan)注(zhu)天(tian)象的(de)歷史和(he)中國(guo)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)本身的(de)歷史一(yi)樣(yang)悠久,由于在古(gu)代中國(guo)星(xing)占學(xue)和(he)歷法(fa)天(tian)文(wen)(wen)學(xue)是(shi)由皇家(jia)史官(guan)(guan)專(zhuan)門掌管,而(er)且王(wang)朝對(dui)歷法(fa)和(he)天(tian)象擁有著絕對(dui)的(de)解釋權,私自(zi)論及(ji)秘密的(de)“天(tian)文(wen)(wen)歷算”者是(shi)要處以極刑的(de),所以,能夠使用這些星(xing)占用辭,并(bing)且敢將(jiang)其作為織(zhi)(zhi)錦上的(de)一(yi)句吉(ji)祥語,明(ming)示(shi)了(le)(le)這件織(zhi)(zhi)錦是(shi)皇家(jia)官(guan)(guan)府(織(zhi)(zhi)室)專(zhuan)門織(zhi)(zhi)造的(de)。與“五(wu)星(xing)”織(zhi)(zhi)錦制品同(tong)(tong)時還出(chu)土了(le)(le)一(yi)件“討南羌”織(zhi)(zhi)錦殘(can)片,是(shi)從與“五(wu)星(xing)”錦相同(tong)(tong)的(de)錦料上裁剪下來的(de)一(yi)部分,根據(ju)對(dui)具體史實的(de)研究和(he)圖案(an)的(de)綴合分析顯(xian)示(shi),織(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)可以連續為“五(wu)星(xing)出(chu)東(dong)方利中國(guo)討南羌……”。
這句織錦文字的(de)(de)(de)(de)產生,無(wu)疑(yi)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)央王(wang)朝為了(le)(le)祝祈政治(zhi)上(shang)軍事(shi)上(shang)順利(li)(li)和成功,而將(jiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)象占(zhan)辭(ci)與“討南羌(qiang)”結合(he)起來,以(yi)圖祥瑞的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際見證。在其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)織錦上(shang),還見有(you)類似的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容,如“琦瑋并出(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大(da)(da)昌四(si)夷服誅南羌(qiang)樂安(an)定與天(tian)(tian)(tian)無(wu)疆”等(deng)。與這條吉祥語可能(neng)有(you)聯系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)史事(shi),是(shi)《漢(han)書·趙充國(guo)傳》記載的(de)(de)(de)(de)西漢(han)王(wang)朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)討伐西羌(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰爭,漢(han)宣帝曾(ceng)將(jiang)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)出(chu)(chu)東方(fang)利(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)”星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)術(shu)(shu)語教(jiao)條地用在了(le)(le)督(du)促、鼓勵對羌(qiang)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)作戰的(de)(de)(de)(de)詔(zhao)書里,可見皇家對五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)用辭(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)對話語權(quan)及當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)文星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)對漢(han)帝國(guo)軍國(guo)大(da)(da)事(shi)決策所起到巨大(da)(da)作用。“五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)出(chu)(chu)東方(fang)利(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)”,是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)用辭(ci),是(shi)古(gu)代(dai)先民觀(guan)察五(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)化而歸納總結出(chu)(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)辭(ci)術(shu)(shu)語。五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)指水(shui)、火(huo)、木(mu)、金、土五(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);“東方(fang)”是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)術(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)特定的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)穹位(wei)置(zhi),“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)”指黃(huang)河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)游的(de)(de)(de)(de)京畿地區及中(zhong)(zhong)原,是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個地理概念。“五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)出(chu)(chu)東方(fang)”指五(wu)(wu)(wu)顆行(xing)(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在一(yi)(yi)時(shi)期內同時(shi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)于(yu)東方(fang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)空,即(ji)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)連(lian)珠”或“五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)會(hui)”現(xian)(xian)(xian)象;“五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)出(chu)(chu)東方(fang)利(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)”,即(ji)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)共見東方(fang)之天(tian)(tian)(tian)象,則于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)軍國(guo)大(da)(da)事(shi)有(you)利(li)(li)。由于(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)周期性圍繞太(tai)陽(yang)公(gong)轉時(shi)間不同,從地球(qiu)上(shang)觀(guan)察它們(men)(men)會(hui)合(he)、會(hui)聚(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)象出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概率小,所以(yi)它們(men)(men)各(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)(de)性質、亮度(du)、形狀(zhuang)、大(da)(da)小、顏色等(deng)變(bian)化,以(yi)及經過或停留在廿八星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)宿或其他星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)官(guan)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)和聚(ju)合(he),就被占(zhan)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)家們(men)(men)賦(fu)予了(le)(le)五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)學(xue)(xue)意義,而五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)合(he)一(yi)(yi)處天(tian)(tian)(tian)象出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概率甚少,就自然(ran)地具(ju)有(you)了(le)(le)非常(chang)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)學(xue)(xue)意義:將(jiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)視為五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)之精,天(tian)(tian)(tian)之五(wu)(wu)(wu)佐,佐天(tian)(tian)(tian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)德;現(xian)(xian)(xian)實關懷的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)——戰爭勝負、王(wang)位(wei)安(an)危、年(nian)成豐(feng)歉、水(shui)旱災害等(deng)政治(zhi)、軍國(guo)大(da)(da)事(shi),因此,《史記·天(tian)(tian)(tian)官(guan)書》“五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分天(tian)(tian)(tian)之中(zhong)(zhong),積(ji)于(yu)東方(fang),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)利(li)(li);積(ji)于(yu)西方(fang),外國(guo)用兵(bing)者利(li)(li)”、《漢(han)書·天(tian)(tian)(tian)文志》“五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分天(tian)(tian)(tian)之中(zhong)(zhong)”。
經過現(xian)代(dai)天(tian)文(wen)學的(de)(de)(de)計算和研(yan)究,“漢之興,五(wu)星(xing)聚(ju)東方”盡管是(shi)(shi)漢代(dai)儒(ru)生(sheng)們附(fu)會的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果,但是(shi)(shi)實際(ji)天(tian)象的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian),證(zheng)明古(gu)代(dai)星(xing)占記錄(lu)大部分是(shi)(shi)準確(que)可(ke)信的(de)(de)(de)。當今世界(jie),國(guo)內(nei)外天(tian)文(wen)考古(gu)界(jie)運(yun)用(yong)科(ke)學方法對關(guan)(guan)于五(wu)星(xing)聚(ju)會及其與(yu)(yu)史事關(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究,已(yi)取得(de)了(le)一(yi)系列成(cheng)果,例如(ru)對武王克商年代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究、對古(gu)代(dai)中國(guo)人觀(guan)測到的(de)(de)(de)五(wu)星(xing)聚(ju)會的(de)(de)(de)理想周期(qi)為516.33年的(de)(de)(de)認識(天(tian)文(wen)學家研(yan)究得(de)出,木(mu)星(xing)、土星(xing)、火(huo)星(xing),這三顆運(yun)行(xing)最慢的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)星(xing),平(ping)均會合(he)周期(qi)是(shi)(shi)516.33年,如(ru)果條(tiao)件有利,運(yun)行(xing)更(geng)快的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)星(xing)和水星(xing)會在短時間內(nei)與(yu)(yu)它們會合(he)在一(yi)起(qi))。
幾千年來,中(zhong)國古代對(dui)“五(wu)(wu)星聚合(he)”天(tian)(tian)(tian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)測(ce),投(tou)入了(le)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)感情,期待這一(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)象(xiang)奇(qi)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)(xian),期冀大(da)(da)吉、大(da)(da)利(li)之兆示;古代封建帝王(wang)也藉(jie)此自詡得“天(tian)(tian)(tian)命(ming)”而(er)使王(wang)朝(chao)合(he)法化。在劉邦攻入秦地咸陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)第二年五(wu)(wu)月,確實出(chu)現(xian)(xian)過一(yi)(yi)次五(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)行星聚會(hui)(hui)(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)象(xiang),這一(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)受到(dao)了(le)漢王(wang)朝(chao)和(he)(he)儒生們的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度重視;將(jiang)(jiang)“漢之興”附會(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)“五(wu)(wu)星聚會(hui)(hui)(hui)”天(tian)(tian)(tian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)(xian);“漢之興,五(wu)(wu)星聚東井”也就成為(wei)具有濃厚(hou)迷信色彩(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)漢朝(chao)人和(he)(he)漢代社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要思(si)想觀(guan)念。將(jiang)(jiang)期圖大(da)(da)吉、大(da)(da)利(li)思(si)想和(he)(he)理念的(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)化、世俗化、藝術化,“五(wu)(wu)星”織(zhi)錦上“五(wu)(wu)星出(chu)東方利(li)中(zhong)國”文字、星紋和(he)(he)象(xiang)征祥瑞的(de)(de)(de)(de)云氣紋以(yi)(yi)及鴕鳥(niao)、仙鶴、獅虎紋,辟邪紋等(deng)祥瑞動(dong)物紋樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)諧(xie)聚匯(hui),可以(yi)(yi)說是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)例子。