頌(song)簋,西(xi)周時(shi)期的青銅器。高30.1厘(li)米(mi)(mi)、口(kou)徑24.2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。斂(lian)口(kou),鼓腹,圈足(zu)(zu)下另(ling)有(you)(you)三(san)小(xiao)足(zu)(zu);口(kou)上有(you)(you)高隆蓋(gai)(gai),蓋(gai)(gai)與(yu)器母子合口(kou),蓋(gai)(gai)頂有(you)(you)圈狀捉手;腹部(bu)兩側有(you)(you)獸首(shou)半環(huan)耳并垂珥。在(zai)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上,頌(song)簋的器口(kou)和蓋(gai)(gai)沿各飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)周獸目交連(lian)紋(或稱(cheng)竊曲紋),中間像眼,兩側各連(lian)接(jie)一(yi)回勾狀曲線。這(zhe)種紋飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是從(cong)動物形象,確切地(di)說是從(cong)一(yi)種卷曲的龍(long)紋變化而來的,主(zhu)要流行于西(xi)周中晚(wan)期,也(ye)是當時(shi)青銅器上的主(zhu)要紋飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)一(yi)。腹部(bu)和蓋(gai)(gai)面,裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)著數道平行的凹槽狀紋飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),稱(cheng)橫條溝(gou)紋,因像老式房子上的瓦溝(gou),所以也(ye)稱(cheng)瓦棱紋、瓦紋,這(zhe)種紋飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)西(xi)周后期至春秋時(shi)期非常盛(sheng)行。頌(song)簋蓋(gai)(gai)頂的捉手內,飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)團(tuan)龍(long)紋,圈足(zu)(zu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)垂鱗紋。
通高(gao)30.1厘(li)米(mi)(mi),口(kou)(kou)徑24.2厘(li)米(mi)(mi),重(zhong)13.2千克。西(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)后期盛食(shi)器。隆(long)蓋(gai),頂有圈(quan)形把手。圓腹(fu),圈(quan)足(zu),下附三獸足(zu)。腹(fu)部兩側有一(yi)(yi)(yi)對獸首耳。口(kou)(kou)沿(yan)上下各(ge)飾(shi)竊(qie)曲紋(wen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou),蓋(gai)與腹(fu)均飾(shi)橫條脊紋(wen),圈(quan)足(zu)飾(shi)重(zhong)環紋(wen)。形制莊重(zhong)。蓋(gai)器同銘(ming),各(ge)鑄十五行一(yi)(yi)(yi)百五十二字(zi),銘(ming)文(wen)大(da)意為:周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)冊命(ming)頌(song)(song)(song)掌管成周(zhou)(zhou)貯(匿)甘家(jia),監督新造,積(ji)貯貨物(wu)(wu),以為宮御之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)賞賜頌(song)(song)(song)玄衣、省純、赤市、朱黃、攸勒等物(wu)(wu)品。頌(song)(song)(song)接受命(ming)冊,退出(chu)中廷,然后再回返,向周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)獻納瑾(jin)璋。比(bi)較完(wan)整地反映了西(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)室策命(ming)官員的制度。銘(ming)文(wen)與頌(song)(song)(song)鼎同。現藏山東省博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館(guan)。為山東省博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館(guan)十大(da)鎮(zhen)館(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。
隹(唯)三年五月(yue)既死霸(ba)甲戌,王才(在)周康卲(昭(zhao))宮。旦,王各(ge)大(格(ge)太)室,即立(位(wei))。宰引右(佑)頌(song)入(ru)(ru)門,立(中)廷(ting)。尹氏受(shou)(授)王令(ling)(命)書,王乎(hu)(呼)史虢生冊令(ling)(命)頌(song)。王曰:頌(song),令(ling)女(命汝)官(司(si))成周貯(zhu),監(司(si))新?(造(zao))貯(zhu)用(yong)(yong)宮御。易(yi)女幺(yao)(賜汝玄)衣黹屯(tun)(純)、赤(chi)巿(韍)、朱黃(衡)、(鑾)旂、攸(鋚(tiao))勒(le)。用(yong)(yong)事。頌(song)??(拜稽)首。受(shou)令(ling)(命)冊,佩(pei)?(以)出,反入(ru)(ru)堇章(返納覲璋)。頌(song)?(敢)對?(揚(yang))天(tian)子(zi)不(丕)顯魯休,用(yong)(yong)乍?(作朕)皇考(kao)龏(gong)吊(diao)(恭(gong)叔)、皇母(mu)龏(gong)始(恭(gong)姒)寶(bao)??(尊(zun)簋(gui))。用(yong)(yong)追孝,(祈)匃康、屯(tun)右(純佑),彔(通祿)、永令(ling)(命)。頌(song)(其)萬年??(眉夀)無(wu)彊(qiang)(疆(jiang)),(畯)臣天(tian)子(zi)霝冬(靈終),子(zi)孫永寶(bao)用(yong)(yong)。
頌(song)(song)簋的(de)(de)(de)腹內(nei)和(he)(he)蓋內(nei)都鑄(zhu)有銘文(wen),內(nei)容相同(tong)(tong),各15行(xing)(xing)150字,另有重文(wen)2字。銘文(wen)大(da)(da)意是:周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)三年(nian)五月甲戌這一(yi)天(tian)(tian),周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)在周(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)京城康昭宮(“王(wang)(wang)在周(zhou)康昭宮”第(di)(di)2行(xing)(xing))。清晨,周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)來(lai)到太室就位(wei)(“旦(dan),王(wang)(wang)各大(da)(da)室即位(wei)”第(di)(di)2至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3行(xing)(xing)),宰弘陪同(tong)(tong)頌(song)(song)進門(men)站立在中(zhong)(zhong)廷(ting)(“宰弘佑頌(song)(song)入(ru)門(men)立中(zhong)(zhong)廷(ting)”第(di)(di)3至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4行(xing)(xing)),史官之長尹氏授王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)命(ming)書(“尹氏受王(wang)(wang)命(ming)書”第(di)(di)4行(xing)(xing))。周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)呼史官虢生(sheng)冊(ce)命(ming)頌(song)(song)(“王(wang)(wang)乎(hu)史虢生(sheng)冊(ce)命(ming)頌(song)(song)”第(di)(di)4至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)5行(xing)(xing))。周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)親(qin)自(zi)任(ren)命(ming)頌(song)(song)在成周(zhou)洛陽擔任(ren)職務(wu)(“王(wang)(wang)曰:頌(song)(song),命(ming)汝官司成周(zhou)貯”第(di)(di)5至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)6行(xing)(xing)),大(da)(da)概是宮廷(ting)負責雜務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)執事官,主管監造新宮,或認(ren)為是掌(zhang)管倉(cang)庫(ku)(“監司新造貯用宮御”第(di)(di)6至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)7行(xing)(xing))。任(ren)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時,還(huan)賜(si)給他(ta)帶花邊的(de)(de)(de)黑色絲質(zhi)禮(li)服(“玄衣黻純”第(di)(di)7行(xing)(xing))、赤(chi)紅(hong)色的(de)(de)(de)圍腰(“赤(chi)市”第(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing))、拴著紅(hong)絲帶的(de)(de)(de)玉璜(“朱(zhu)黃”第(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)),以及旗幟(zhi)和(he)(he)馬具(“鑾旂、攸(you)勒(le)”第(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing))等。頌(song)(song)向天(tian)(tian)子(zi)行(xing)(xing)跪拜(bai)(bai)大(da)(da)禮(li)(“頌(song)(song)拜(bai)(bai)稽首”第(di)(di)9行(xing)(xing)),并獻(xian)上玉璋表示感(gan)謝(“返入(ru)瑾章”第(di)(di)10行(xing)(xing)),事后鑄(zhu)造了頌(song)(song)簋、頌(song)(song)鼎(ding)和(he)(he)頌(song)(song)壺,用來(lai)祭祀亡父龔叔和(he)(he)亡母(mu)龔姒(“用作朕皇(huang)(huang)考恭叔皇(huang)(huang)母(mu)恭姒寶(bao)尊簋”第(di)(di)11至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)12行(xing)(xing))。銘文(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)“敢(gan)對(dui)揚天(tian)(tian)子(zi)丕顯魯休”(第(di)(di)10至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)11行(xing)(xing)),意思是感(gan)懷天(tian)(tian)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)美德(de),它和(he)(he)末尾“子(zi)子(zi)孫孫永寶(bao)用”(第(di)(di)15行(xing)(xing))的(de)(de)(de)辭句(ju),常(chang)見于周(zhou)代的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)銅器上。
頌(song)簋制作于西周晚(wan)期,共和或(huo)宣(xuan)王時期。此時,銅(tong)簋基(ji)本(ben)都配有(you)對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)器(qi)蓋,器(qi)蓋倒放就(jiu)是(shi)一個盤子,也(ye)可(ke)以用來盛食。器(qi)足為獸(shou)面象鼻(bi)形,象的(de)(de)(de)題材在(zai)銅(tong)器(qi)中常(chang)見(jian),大(da)概商周時期象的(de)(de)(de)分布(bu)比(bi)現在(zai)要靠(kao)北(bei),在(zai)當時交通如此不(bu)便的(de)(de)(de)情況下,人們也(ye)能(neng)見(jian)到。例(li)如殷墟(xu)出土(tu)有(you)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)小象骨(gu)骼,并且(qie)項戴銅(tong)鈴,可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)主人生(sheng)前的(de)(de)(de)寵物。
器身的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾是竊(qie)(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),竊(qie)(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)由兩端回鉤的(de)(de)(de)(de)或“S”形的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)條(tiao)構(gou)成扁(bian)長形圖(tu)案,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中間填以(yi)(yi)(yi)目形紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),在銅(tong)器上往往連接成帶狀。《呂氏春(chun)秋·適威》:“周(zhou)鼎有(you)竊(qie)(qie)曲(qu)(一作窮曲(qu)),狀甚長,上下皆曲(qu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)見極(ji)之敗也。”盛行于西周(zhou)中、后期(qi),春(chun)秋時仍沿用。竊(qie)(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變體(ti)(ti),竊(qie)(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)卷曲(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)狀當是取形于夔紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、顧龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之身軀,但其構(gou)造、布(bu)局則不(bu)僅取形于諸種龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),而(er)且(qie)借(jie)鑒了(le)(le)饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)與(yu)上述(shu)變形饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)圖(tu)案構(gou)形手法。然而(er)從總體(ti)(ti)看,竊(qie)(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現使以(yi)(yi)(yi)往莊嚴(yan)、神秘的(de)(de)(de)(de)動物紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)解體(ti)(ti),進一步(bu)促進了(le)(le)青銅(tong)器紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽象化與(yu)幾何圖(tu)形化,因而(er)在青銅(tong)器紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾發展(zhan)史中有(you)著重要(yao)作用。頌簋(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)竊(qie)(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)中間是目紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),即眼睛(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣子(zi),整體(ti)(ti)呈“S”形,兩端分叉(cha),這是典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)西周(zhou)晚期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣式(shi)。
頌簋的流傳如同其他(ta)青銅重器一(yi)樣(yang),充(chong)滿了傳奇色(se)彩。清(qing)嘉慶十九(jiu)年(nian)(1814年(nian))學(xue)(xue)(xue)者劉(liu)喜海在北京購得,并編入《清(qing)愛(ai)堂彝器款識》。劉(liu)喜海(1793—1853),諸城(cheng)人,劉(liu)墉從孫,是清(qing)道、咸(xian)間(jian)金石學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)、古泉學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)、藏書(shu)家(jia)(jia),字燕庭(又作(zuo)燕亭、硯庭)、吉(ji)甫,山東(dong)諸城(cheng)人,別號三(san)巴子。善鑒賞(shang)金石,著(zhu)有《海東(dong)金石苑(yuan)補(bu)遺》等(deng)鑒賞(shang)書(shu)籍(ji),其所補(bu)編《古泉匯考(kao)》為(wei)當時(shi)古泉學(xue)(xue)(xue)集(ji)大成之巨(ju)著(zhu),嘉惠后(hou)世(shi)泉學(xue)(xue)(xue)研究(jiu);《三(san)巴金石苑(yuan)》為(wei)巴蜀(shu)地區(qu)歷代(dai)金石圖文并茂之第一(yi)部著(zhu)錄,對(dui)后(hou)世(shi)影響頗大。
后來此簋(gui)歸李(li)(li)宗岱(dai)。李(li)(li)宗岱(dai)(?—1896),字山農,南海(今廣州)人,道光二十九(jiu)年(nian)(1849年(nian))副榜貢(gong)生。山東(dong)候補道員署山東(dong)鹽運使(shi)、布政使(shi),著名(ming)收藏家。1885年(nian),先(xian)后在平度(du)、招(zhao)遠開辦(ban)采金工(gong)場。1889年(nian),到牟平開辦(ban)礦(kuang)務公司(si)。其后代在玲瓏辦(ban)礦(kuang)達50年(nian)之久(jiu)。
后(hou)轉手黃(huang)縣丁(ding)氏(shi)“泰(tai)來”號(hao)的丁(ding)樹(shu)(shu)貞(一說原為(wei)黃(huang)縣焦氏(shi)收(shou)(shou)藏(zang))。丁(ding)樹(shu)(shu)貞(1861—1915),字(zi)干圃,號(hao)仲立(li)、煦農、陶齋(zhai),別號(hao)長年(nian),為(wei)山東著名的金石收(shou)(shou)藏(zang)家。齋(zhai)號(hao)“海隅(yu)山館”,其數世(shi)(shi)亦(yi)官亦(yi)商,家資(zi)巨富。丁(ding)氏(shi)為(wei)人慷慨大方(fang),并熱(re)心(xin)社會(hui)公益,常有捐資(zi)之善舉,被清延加封三品銜,賞戴花翎,并候選知(zhi)府。后(hou)丁(ding)氏(shi)家道破(po)落,弟兄分家時分割財產,使其器蓋分藏(zang)。20世(shi)(shi)紀40年(nian)代,器為(wei)膠東古(gu)物管理委(wei)員會(hui)黃(huang)縣文(wen)管分會(hui)收(shou)(shou)集,后(hou)轉入(ru)山東省(sheng)博物館。20世(shi)(shi)紀50年(nian)代,丁(ding)氏(shi)后(hou)人張(zhang)秀琳女士將所(suo)藏(zang)簋(gui)蓋捐獻給山東省(sheng)博物館,頌簋(gui)始(shi)成完璧。