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頌簋，西(xi)(xi)(xi)周時期(qi)的青銅(tong)器(qi)。高30.1厘米、口(kou)徑24.2厘米。斂(lian)口(kou)，鼓腹(fu)，圈足(zu)下另有三小足(zu)；口(kou)上有高隆(long)蓋(gai)(gai)，蓋(gai)(gai)與器(qi)母子(zi)合口(kou)，蓋(gai)(gai)頂(ding)有圈狀(zhuang)捉手；腹(fu)部(bu)(bu)兩側有獸首(shou)半環耳并垂(chui)珥。在裝飾(shi)上，頌簋的器(qi)口(kou)和蓋(gai)(gai)沿各飾(shi)一(yi)(yi)周獸目交連紋(wen)(wen)(或(huo)稱(cheng)竊曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen))，中間像眼，兩側各連接一(yi)(yi)回勾狀(zhuang)曲(qu)線。這(zhe)種紋(wen)(wen)飾(shi)是從(cong)動物形象，確切地說是從(cong)一(yi)(yi)種卷曲(qu)的龍(long)紋(wen)(wen)變化而來的，主要(yao)(yao)流行(xing)于西(xi)(xi)(xi)周中晚(wan)期(qi)，也(ye)是當(dang)時青銅(tong)器(qi)上的主要(yao)(yao)紋(wen)(wen)飾(shi)之一(yi)(yi)。腹(fu)部(bu)(bu)和蓋(gai)(gai)面，裝飾(shi)著數道(dao)平(ping)行(xing)的凹槽狀(zhuang)紋(wen)(wen)飾(shi)，稱(cheng)橫條溝紋(wen)(wen)，因像老式房子(zi)上的瓦(wa)溝，所以(yi)也(ye)稱(cheng)瓦(wa)棱紋(wen)(wen)、瓦(wa)紋(wen)(wen)，這(zhe)種紋(wen)(wen)飾(shi)，在西(xi)(xi)(xi)周后期(qi)至春秋時期(qi)非(fei)常盛行(xing)。頌簋蓋(gai)(gai)頂(ding)的捉手內，飾(shi)團龍(long)紋(wen)(wen)，圈足(zu)飾(shi)垂(chui)鱗紋(wen)(wen)。

文物簡介

通高30.1厘米，口徑24.2厘米，重13.2千(qian)克。西周(zhou)后期盛食器。隆(long)蓋，頂(ding)有圈形把(ba)手。圓腹(fu)，圈足，下(xia)附(fu)三(san)獸足。腹(fu)部兩側有一(yi)對獸首耳(er)。口沿上下(xia)各飾(shi)竊曲紋(wen)一(yi)周(zhou)，蓋與腹(fu)均(jun)飾(shi)橫條脊紋(wen)，圈足飾(shi)重環紋(wen)。形制莊重。蓋器同(tong)銘，各鑄十(shi)五行一(yi)百五十(shi)二字，銘文大(da)意為(wei)(wei)：周(zhou)王(wang)冊命(ming)頌(song)掌(zhang)管成(cheng)周(zhou)貯(zhu)（匿）甘(gan)家，監督新造，積貯(zhu)貨物(wu)，以為(wei)(wei)宮御之用。周(zhou)王(wang)賞賜(si)頌(song)玄衣、省純、赤市(shi)、朱(zhu)黃、攸勒等物(wu)品。頌(song)接受命(ming)冊，退出(chu)中(zhong)廷，然后再回返(fan)，向周(zhou)王(wang)獻(xian)納(na)瑾(jin)璋(zhang)。比(bi)較完整地反映了西周(zhou)王(wang)室策命(ming)官員的制度。銘文與頌(song)鼎(ding)同(tong)。現(xian)藏山東省博物(wu)館(guan)。為(wei)(wei)山東省博物(wu)館(guan)十(shi)大(da)鎮館(guan)之寶之一(yi)。

銘文內容

隹（唯(wei)）三年五月(yue)既死霸(ba)甲戌，王(wang)才（在）周(zhou)康卲（昭）宮。旦，王(wang)各大（格太）室，即(ji)立（位）。宰引右（佑）頌(song)(song)入門，立（中(zhong)）廷(ting)。尹(yin)氏受（授）王(wang)令（命）書，王(wang)乎（呼）史虢生冊令（命）頌(song)(song)。王(wang)曰：頌(song)(song)，令女（命汝）官（司）成周(zhou)貯，監（司）新?（造）貯用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)宮御。易女幺（賜(si)汝玄）衣黹屯（純(chun)）、赤巿（韍(fu)）、朱黃（衡）、（鑾）旂、攸（鋚）勒。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事。頌(song)(song)??（拜稽）首。受令（命）冊，佩?（以）出，反(fan)入堇(jin)章(zhang)（返納覲璋）。頌(song)(song)?（敢）對?（揚）天子(zi)(zi)不（丕）顯魯休，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)乍?（作朕(zhen)）皇考龏(gong)吊（恭叔）、皇母(mu)龏(gong)始（恭姒）寶??（尊簋）。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)追孝，（祈）匃(gai)康、屯右（純(chun)佑），彔（通祿）、永令（命）。頌(song)(song)（其）萬年??（眉(mei)夀）無(wu)彊（疆），（畯）臣天子(zi)(zi)霝冬（靈終），子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)永寶用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

頌(song)(song)(song)簋(gui)的(de)(de)(de)腹內(nei)和(he)(he)蓋(gai)內(nei)都鑄有銘(ming)文(wen)，內(nei)容(rong)相(xiang)同，各15行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)150字，另有重(zhong)文(wen)2字。銘(ming)文(wen)大意(yi)是：周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)三(san)年五月甲戌(xu)這一天(tian)，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)在周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)京城康昭宮(gong)(“王(wang)(wang)(wang)在周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)康昭宮(gong)”第(di)(di)2行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。清晨，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)來到太室就位(wei)(“旦，王(wang)(wang)(wang)各大室即位(wei)”第(di)(di)2至(zhi)3行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，宰弘(hong)陪(pei)同頌(song)(song)(song)進(jin)門(men)站立(li)在中廷(ting)(ting)(“宰弘(hong)佑頌(song)(song)(song)入(ru)門(men)立(li)中廷(ting)(ting)”第(di)(di)3至(zhi)4行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，史官之(zhi)長尹氏授(shou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)命(ming)(ming)書(“尹氏受王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)書”第(di)(di)4行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)呼史官虢(guo)生冊命(ming)(ming)頌(song)(song)(song)(“王(wang)(wang)(wang)乎史虢(guo)生冊命(ming)(ming)頌(song)(song)(song)”第(di)(di)4至(zhi)5行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)親自任命(ming)(ming)頌(song)(song)(song)在成(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)洛陽(yang)擔任職務(“王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰：頌(song)(song)(song)，命(ming)(ming)汝官司成(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)貯”第(di)(di)5至(zhi)6行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，大概是宮(gong)廷(ting)(ting)負(fu)責雜(za)務的(de)(de)(de)執事(shi)官，主管監造新(xin)宮(gong)，或認為是掌(zhang)管倉(cang)庫(“監司新(xin)造貯用(yong)(yong)宮(gong)御”第(di)(di)6至(zhi)7行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。任命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，還賜給他帶花邊的(de)(de)(de)黑色絲(si)(si)質禮服(“玄衣(yi)黻純”第(di)(di)7行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))、赤紅色的(de)(de)(de)圍腰(“赤市(shi)”第(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))、拴(shuan)著紅絲(si)(si)帶的(de)(de)(de)玉(yu)璜(“朱黃”第(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，以及旗幟和(he)(he)馬具(ju)(“鑾旂(qi)、攸勒”第(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))等。頌(song)(song)(song)向天(tian)子行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)跪拜(bai)大禮(“頌(song)(song)(song)拜(bai)稽(ji)首(shou)”第(di)(di)9行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，并獻上(shang)(shang)玉(yu)璋表示(shi)感謝(“返入(ru)瑾章”第(di)(di)10行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，事(shi)后鑄造了頌(song)(song)(song)簋(gui)、頌(song)(song)(song)鼎和(he)(he)頌(song)(song)(song)壺，用(yong)(yong)來祭(ji)祀亡(wang)父龔(gong)叔和(he)(he)亡(wang)母(mu)龔(gong)姒(“用(yong)(yong)作朕皇(huang)考恭叔皇(huang)母(mu)恭姒寶(bao)尊簋(gui)”第(di)(di)11至(zhi)第(di)(di)12行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。銘(ming)文(wen)中“敢(gan)對揚天(tian)子丕(pi)顯魯休”(第(di)(di)10至(zhi)11行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，意(yi)思是感懷天(tian)子的(de)(de)(de)美德，它(ta)和(he)(he)末尾“子子孫孫永寶(bao)用(yong)(yong)”(第(di)(di)15行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))的(de)(de)(de)辭句，常(chang)見于周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)代的(de)(de)(de)青銅器(qi)上(shang)(shang)。

時代信息

頌簋制作于(yu)西周晚(wan)期，共和或(huo)宣王(wang)時期。此(ci)時，銅簋基(ji)本都配(pei)有(you)對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)器(qi)蓋，器(qi)蓋倒放(fang)就是一個(ge)盤子，也可(ke)以用來盛食。器(qi)足(zu)為(wei)獸面象(xiang)鼻形(xing)，象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)題材在(zai)(zai)銅器(qi)中常見，大概商周時期象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)分布比現在(zai)(zai)要靠(kao)北(bei)，在(zai)(zai)當時交通(tong)如此(ci)不(bu)便(bian)的(de)(de)(de)情況下，人們也能(neng)見到。例如殷(yin)墟(xu)出(chu)土有(you)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)小象(xiang)骨骼，并(bing)且項戴銅鈴，可(ke)能(neng)是主人生前的(de)(de)(de)寵(chong)物。

器物裝飾

器(qi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)主要紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)是(shi)(shi)竊(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，竊(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)由兩端(duan)(duan)回(hui)鉤的(de)(de)(de)或“S”形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)線條構成(cheng)扁長形(xing)(xing)(xing)圖(tu)(tu)案(an)，有的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間填以目(mu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，在(zai)銅器(qi)上(shang)往(wang)往(wang)連接(jie)成(cheng)帶狀(zhuang)。《呂氏(shi)春秋·適威》：“周鼎有竊(qie)曲(qu)（一(yi)作窮曲(qu)），狀(zhuang)甚長，上(shang)下皆(jie)曲(qu)，以見極之敗也(ye)。”盛行于(yu)西周中(zhong)、后期，春秋時仍沿用(yong)。竊(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)和饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)變體(ti)，竊(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)卷曲(qu)的(de)(de)(de)條狀(zhuang)當是(shi)(shi)取形(xing)(xing)(xing)于(yu)夔紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、顧龍(long)(long)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)之身(shen)軀，但其構造、布(bu)局則(ze)不(bu)僅取形(xing)(xing)(xing)于(yu)諸種龍(long)(long)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，而(er)且借(jie)鑒了饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)與(yu)上(shang)述(shu)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)圖(tu)(tu)案(an)構形(xing)(xing)(xing)手法。然(ran)而(er)從總體(ti)看，竊(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)出現使以往(wang)莊嚴、神秘(mi)的(de)(de)(de)動物紋(wen)(wen)(wen)解(jie)體(ti)，進一(yi)步促進了青(qing)銅器(qi)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)的(de)(de)(de)抽象(xiang)化與(yu)幾(ji)何圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)化，因而(er)在(zai)青(qing)銅器(qi)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)發展史中(zhong)有著重(zhong)要作用(yong)。頌簋的(de)(de)(de)竊(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)中(zhong)間是(shi)(shi)目(mu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，即眼睛(jing)的(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)子，整體(ti)呈“S”形(xing)(xing)(xing)，兩端(duan)(duan)分叉，這是(shi)(shi)典型的(de)(de)(de)西周晚(wan)期的(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)式(shi)。

流傳經歷

頌簋的流傳如同其他青銅重器一(yi)樣，充滿了傳奇色(se)彩(cai)。清嘉慶十九年(nian)（1814年(nian)）學(xue)(xue)者劉喜海(hai)在北(bei)京購得，并(bing)編入《清愛堂彝器款識》。劉喜海(hai)（1793—1853），諸城人(ren)，劉墉(yong)從孫，是(shi)清道、咸間金(jin)(jin)石學(xue)(xue)家(jia)、古泉(quan)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)、藏書家(jia)，字燕庭（又作(zuo)燕亭(ting)、硯庭）、吉甫(fu)，山東(dong)諸城人(ren)，別號三(san)巴子。善鑒賞(shang)金(jin)(jin)石，著有(you)《海(hai)東(dong)金(jin)(jin)石苑補(bu)遺》等(deng)鑒賞(shang)書籍，其所補(bu)編《古泉(quan)匯考》為(wei)當時古泉(quan)學(xue)(xue)集大成之(zhi)巨著，嘉惠后(hou)(hou)世泉(quan)學(xue)(xue)研究；《三(san)巴金(jin)(jin)石苑》為(wei)巴蜀地區歷(li)代金(jin)(jin)石圖文并(bing)茂之(zhi)第(di)一(yi)部(bu)著錄，對后(hou)(hou)世影響頗大。

后(hou)來此簋歸李(li)宗岱。李(li)宗岱（？—1896），字山農，南海（今廣(guang)州）人，道光二十九年（1849年）副榜貢生。山東候補(bu)道員(yuan)署山東鹽運(yun)使(shi)、布政使(shi)，著名收藏家。1885年，先后(hou)在平度、招遠開辦采金(jin)工場。1889年，到牟平開辦礦(kuang)務公司。其(qi)后(hou)代在玲瓏(long)辦礦(kuang)達(da)50年之久(jiu)。

后轉手黃縣丁(ding)氏(shi)“泰來(lai)”號(hao)(hao)的丁(ding)樹貞(zhen)(zhen)（一說(shuo)原為(wei)(wei)黃縣焦氏(shi)收(shou)藏(zang)(zang)）。丁(ding)樹貞(zhen)(zhen)（1861—1915），字干圃，號(hao)(hao)仲立、煦(xu)農、陶齋，別號(hao)(hao)長年(nian)，為(wei)(wei)山東(dong)著名(ming)的金石(shi)收(shou)藏(zang)(zang)家(jia)(jia)。齋號(hao)(hao)“海隅(yu)山館”，其數世(shi)亦(yi)官亦(yi)商(shang)，家(jia)(jia)資(zi)巨(ju)富。丁(ding)氏(shi)為(wei)(wei)人慷慨大方，并(bing)熱心(xin)社(she)會公益，常有捐資(zi)之善舉，被清延(yan)加封三(san)品(pin)銜(xian)，賞(shang)戴花翎(ling)，并(bing)候選(xuan)知府。后丁(ding)氏(shi)家(jia)(jia)道破落，弟兄分(fen)家(jia)(jia)時分(fen)割財產，使其器蓋(gai)分(fen)藏(zang)(zang)。20世(shi)紀(ji)40年(nian)代，器為(wei)(wei)膠東(dong)古物管理(li)委員會黃縣文(wen)管分(fen)會收(shou)集(ji)，后轉入(ru)山東(dong)省博(bo)物館。20世(shi)紀(ji)50年(nian)代，丁(ding)氏(shi)后人張秀琳女(nv)士將(jiang)所藏(zang)(zang)簋蓋(gai)捐獻給山東(dong)省博(bo)物館，頌簋始成完璧。