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頌(song)簋，西周(zhou)時期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)青銅器。高(gao)30.1厘(li)米(mi)、口(kou)(kou)徑24.2厘(li)米(mi)。斂口(kou)(kou)，鼓(gu)腹(fu)(fu)，圈(quan)(quan)足下另有(you)三小足；口(kou)(kou)上有(you)高(gao)隆蓋，蓋與器母子合口(kou)(kou)，蓋頂有(you)圈(quan)(quan)狀捉手(shou)；腹(fu)(fu)部兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)有(you)獸首(shou)半環耳(er)并垂(chui)珥(er)。在(zai)裝飾(shi)(shi)上，頌(song)簋的(de)(de)器口(kou)(kou)和(he)蓋沿各(ge)飾(shi)(shi)一(yi)周(zhou)獸目交連紋(wen)(或稱(cheng)竊曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen))，中間像(xiang)眼，兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)各(ge)連接一(yi)回(hui)勾狀曲(qu)(qu)線。這種(zhong)紋(wen)飾(shi)(shi)是從動(dong)物形(xing)象，確切地說是從一(yi)種(zhong)卷曲(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)龍紋(wen)變化而(er)來的(de)(de)，主(zhu)要流(liu)行于西周(zhou)中晚期(qi)(qi)，也是當時青銅器上的(de)(de)主(zhu)要紋(wen)飾(shi)(shi)之一(yi)。腹(fu)(fu)部和(he)蓋面，裝飾(shi)(shi)著數道(dao)平行的(de)(de)凹槽狀紋(wen)飾(shi)(shi)，稱(cheng)橫條溝紋(wen)，因像(xiang)老(lao)式房子上的(de)(de)瓦(wa)溝，所以也稱(cheng)瓦(wa)棱紋(wen)、瓦(wa)紋(wen)，這種(zhong)紋(wen)飾(shi)(shi)，在(zai)西周(zhou)后(hou)期(qi)(qi)至春秋時期(qi)(qi)非常盛行。頌(song)簋蓋頂的(de)(de)捉手(shou)內，飾(shi)(shi)團龍紋(wen)，圈(quan)(quan)足飾(shi)(shi)垂(chui)鱗紋(wen)。

文物簡介

通(tong)高30.1厘米，口徑24.2厘米，重(zhong)13.2千克。西(xi)周(zhou)后期盛食(shi)器。隆蓋，頂有圈形(xing)把手。圓(yuan)腹，圈足(zu)，下附三獸足(zu)。腹部兩側(ce)有一(yi)對獸首耳(er)。口沿(yan)上下各飾竊曲紋一(yi)周(zhou)，蓋與腹均飾橫條脊紋，圈足(zu)飾重(zhong)環紋。形(xing)制(zhi)莊重(zhong)。蓋器同(tong)銘(ming)，各鑄十五行一(yi)百(bai)五十二字，銘(ming)文(wen)大意為(wei)：周(zhou)王(wang)冊(ce)命(ming)頌(song)掌管成周(zhou)貯（匿(ni)）甘家，監(jian)督新造，積貯貨(huo)物(wu)，以為(wei)宮御之用。周(zhou)王(wang)賞賜頌(song)玄(xuan)衣、省純、赤市、朱黃、攸勒(le)等物(wu)品。頌(song)接受命(ming)冊(ce)，退出中廷，然后再回返，向周(zhou)王(wang)獻(xian)納瑾璋。比較完整地反映了西(xi)周(zhou)王(wang)室策命(ming)官(guan)員的制(zhi)度。銘(ming)文(wen)與頌(song)鼎(ding)同(tong)。現藏山(shan)東(dong)省博物(wu)館。為(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省博物(wu)館十大鎮館之寶之一(yi)。

銘文內容

隹（唯）三年(nian)五(wu)月既死(si)霸甲戌(xu)，王(wang)才（在）周康卲（昭）宮(gong)(gong)。旦，王(wang)各大(da)（格太）室，即立（位(wei)）。宰(zai)引右(you)(you)（佑）頌(song)入門(men)，立（中）廷。尹(yin)氏(shi)受(shou)（授）王(wang)令(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）書，王(wang)乎(hu)（呼）史虢生冊令(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）頌(song)。王(wang)曰：頌(song)，令(ling)女(nv)（命(ming)(ming)汝）官（司(si)(si)）成周貯，監（司(si)(si)）新?（造(zao)）貯用宮(gong)(gong)御。易女(nv)幺（賜汝玄）衣黹(zhi)屯（純）、赤巿(fu)（韍）、朱黃（衡(heng)）、（鑾）旂、攸(you)（鋚）勒。用事。頌(song)??（拜稽）首。受(shou)令(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）冊，佩?（以(yi)）出(chu)，反(fan)入堇(jin)章(zhang)（返納覲(jin)璋）。頌(song)?（敢）對?（揚）天(tian)子不（丕）顯魯休，用乍?（作朕(zhen)）皇(huang)考龏(gong)吊（恭叔）、皇(huang)母龏(gong)始(shi)（恭姒）寶(bao)??（尊簋）。用追孝，（祈(qi)）匃康、屯右(you)(you)（純佑），彔（通祿(lu)）、永令(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）。頌(song)（其）萬年(nian)??（眉夀(shou)）無彊(qiang)（疆），（畯）臣天(tian)子霝冬（靈終），子孫永寶(bao)用。

頌(song)(song)簋(gui)的(de)腹內和(he)蓋內都(dou)鑄(zhu)(zhu)有(you)銘(ming)文(wen)(wen)，內容相同(tong)，各(ge)15行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)150字，另有(you)重文(wen)(wen)2字。銘(ming)文(wen)(wen)大(da)意是：周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)三年五月甲戌這一天(tian)，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)京(jing)城(cheng)康(kang)昭宮(“王(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)康(kang)昭宮”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。清晨(chen)，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)來到(dao)太室(shi)(shi)就位(“旦，王(wang)(wang)(wang)各(ge)大(da)室(shi)(shi)即位”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2至(zhi)3行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，宰弘(hong)陪(pei)同(tong)頌(song)(song)進(jin)門站立(li)在(zai)中(zhong)廷(ting)(ting)(“宰弘(hong)佑頌(song)(song)入門立(li)中(zhong)廷(ting)(ting)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3至(zhi)4行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，史(shi)官之長(chang)尹氏(shi)(shi)授王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)命(ming)(ming)(ming)書(“尹氏(shi)(shi)受王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)書”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)呼史(shi)官虢生冊命(ming)(ming)(ming)頌(song)(song)(“王(wang)(wang)(wang)乎史(shi)虢生冊命(ming)(ming)(ming)頌(song)(song)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4至(zhi)5行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)親自任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)頌(song)(song)在(zai)成(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)洛陽擔(dan)任(ren)職務(“王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)：頌(song)(song)，命(ming)(ming)(ming)汝官司(si)成(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)貯”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)5至(zhi)6行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，大(da)概是宮廷(ting)(ting)負責雜務的(de)執事官，主管監(jian)造(zao)(zao)新宮，或(huo)認為是掌(zhang)管倉庫(“監(jian)司(si)新造(zao)(zao)貯用宮御”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6至(zhi)7行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)同(tong)時，還賜給他(ta)帶(dai)花(hua)邊的(de)黑色(se)絲(si)質禮(li)服(“玄(xuan)衣黻純(chun)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)7行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))、赤紅色(se)的(de)圍腰(“赤市”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))、拴著紅絲(si)帶(dai)的(de)玉(yu)璜(“朱黃”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，以及旗幟和(he)馬具(“鑾旂(qi)、攸勒”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))等。頌(song)(song)向天(tian)子(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)跪拜大(da)禮(li)(“頌(song)(song)拜稽首”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)9行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，并獻上玉(yu)璋表示感謝(xie)(“返(fan)入瑾章”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)10行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，事后鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)了頌(song)(song)簋(gui)、頌(song)(song)鼎和(he)頌(song)(song)壺，用來祭祀亡(wang)父龔叔(shu)和(he)亡(wang)母(mu)龔姒(“用作朕(zhen)皇考恭叔(shu)皇母(mu)恭姒寶尊簋(gui)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)11至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)12行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。銘(ming)文(wen)(wen)中(zhong)“敢對揚天(tian)子(zi)丕顯魯休”(第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)10至(zhi)11行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，意思(si)是感懷天(tian)子(zi)的(de)美德，它(ta)和(he)末(mo)尾“子(zi)子(zi)孫孫永寶用”(第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)15行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))的(de)辭句，常(chang)見于周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)代的(de)青銅器上。

時代信息

頌簋制作于西周晚期，共(gong)和或(huo)宣王時(shi)期。此時(shi)，銅簋基(ji)本都配有(you)對應的(de)器(qi)(qi)蓋，器(qi)(qi)蓋倒放就(jiu)是(shi)一個盤子，也(ye)可以(yi)用來(lai)盛食。器(qi)(qi)足為獸面象(xiang)鼻形，象(xiang)的(de)題材在(zai)(zai)銅器(qi)(qi)中常(chang)見(jian)，大概商周時(shi)期象(xiang)的(de)分布比現(xian)在(zai)(zai)要(yao)靠(kao)北，在(zai)(zai)當(dang)時(shi)交通如此不便的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下，人(ren)們也(ye)能(neng)見(jian)到。例(li)如殷墟(xu)出土(tu)有(you)完整(zheng)的(de)小象(xiang)骨骼，并且項戴銅鈴，可能(neng)是(shi)主人(ren)生前的(de)寵(chong)物(wu)。

器物裝飾

器身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾是(shi)竊曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，竊曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)由兩(liang)端回鉤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)或(huo)“S”形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線條構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)扁長(chang)(chang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)圖案(an)，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)填以(yi)(yi)(yi)目形(xing)(xing)(xing)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，在銅器上(shang)往往連(lian)接成(cheng)(cheng)帶(dai)狀(zhuang)。《呂氏(shi)春(chun)秋(qiu)·適(shi)威》：“周鼎(ding)有竊曲(qu)（一作(zuo)窮曲(qu)），狀(zhuang)甚(shen)長(chang)(chang)，上(shang)下皆(jie)曲(qu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)見極(ji)之敗也。”盛行(xing)于西(xi)周中(zhong)、后期，春(chun)秋(qiu)時(shi)仍(reng)沿用。竊曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)和饕(tao)餮紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變體(ti)，竊曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)卷曲(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條狀(zhuang)當是(shi)取(qu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)于夔(kui)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、顧龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)之身(shen)軀，但其構(gou)造、布局則(ze)不僅取(qu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)于諸(zhu)種龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，而且借(jie)鑒了饕(tao)餮紋(wen)(wen)(wen)與上(shang)述變形(xing)(xing)(xing)饕(tao)餮紋(wen)(wen)(wen)圖案(an)構(gou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)手法。然(ran)而從總體(ti)看，竊曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)使以(yi)(yi)(yi)往莊嚴、神秘(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物紋(wen)(wen)(wen)解體(ti)，進(jin)一步促進(jin)了青(qing)銅器紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抽象化與幾何(he)圖形(xing)(xing)(xing)化，因而在青(qing)銅器紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾發展史中(zhong)有著重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用。頌簋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竊曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)中(zhong)間(jian)是(shi)目紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，即眼睛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣子，整體(ti)呈“S”形(xing)(xing)(xing)，兩(liang)端分叉，這是(shi)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)周晚期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣式。

流傳經歷

頌簋(gui)的流傳如同其他青銅(tong)重器一樣，充滿了(le)傳奇色彩。清(qing)嘉慶十九年（1814年）學者劉喜(xi)海(hai)在北(bei)京購得，并編入《清(qing)愛堂(tang)彝(yi)器款識》。劉喜(xi)海(hai)（1793—1853），諸(zhu)(zhu)城(cheng)人，劉墉從孫，是清(qing)道、咸間金(jin)(jin)石(shi)學家、古(gu)泉學家、藏書(shu)家，字(zi)燕庭(ting)（又作燕亭、硯庭(ting)）、吉甫，山東(dong)諸(zhu)(zhu)城(cheng)人，別號三巴(ba)子(zi)。善鑒(jian)賞(shang)(shang)金(jin)(jin)石(shi)，著有(you)《海(hai)東(dong)金(jin)(jin)石(shi)苑(yuan)補(bu)遺》等鑒(jian)賞(shang)(shang)書(shu)籍(ji)，其所補(bu)編《古(gu)泉匯考》為當(dang)時古(gu)泉學集大(da)成之巨著，嘉惠后(hou)世泉學研究；《三巴(ba)金(jin)(jin)石(shi)苑(yuan)》為巴(ba)蜀地區(qu)歷代金(jin)(jin)石(shi)圖(tu)文(wen)并茂之第一部著錄，對后(hou)世影響頗(po)大(da)。

后(hou)來此簋(gui)歸李宗岱(dai)。李宗岱(dai)（？—1896），字山(shan)農，南(nan)海（今廣(guang)州）人，道光二十九年（1849年）副榜貢生(sheng)。山(shan)東(dong)候補(bu)道員署山(shan)東(dong)鹽運使、布政使，著(zhu)名收(shou)藏家。1885年，先后(hou)在平度、招遠開辦采(cai)金工(gong)場。1889年，到牟(mou)平開辦礦務公司。其后(hou)代在玲瓏辦礦達(da)50年之久。

后轉(zhuan)手黃縣(xian)丁(ding)(ding)氏(shi)(shi)“泰來”號(hao)的丁(ding)(ding)樹(shu)貞(zhen)(zhen)（一說原為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃縣(xian)焦氏(shi)(shi)收藏(zang)(zang)）。丁(ding)(ding)樹(shu)貞(zhen)(zhen)（1861—1915），字干圃，號(hao)仲立、煦農、陶齋，別(bie)號(hao)長(chang)年(nian)(nian)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)山東著名的金(jin)石收藏(zang)(zang)家(jia)。齋號(hao)“海隅山館”，其數世(shi)(shi)亦官亦商，家(jia)資巨富。丁(ding)(ding)氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人慷(kang)慨大方，并熱(re)心社會公益，常有捐資之善舉，被清延加(jia)封三品銜，賞(shang)戴花翎，并候(hou)選知府。后丁(ding)(ding)氏(shi)(shi)家(jia)道破(po)落，弟兄(xiong)分(fen)(fen)家(jia)時分(fen)(fen)割財產，使其器蓋(gai)分(fen)(fen)藏(zang)(zang)。20世(shi)(shi)紀40年(nian)(nian)代，器為(wei)(wei)(wei)膠(jiao)東古物管理委(wei)員會黃縣(xian)文(wen)管分(fen)(fen)會收集，后轉(zhuan)入(ru)山東省(sheng)博物館。20世(shi)(shi)紀50年(nian)(nian)代，丁(ding)(ding)氏(shi)(shi)后人張秀琳女士將所藏(zang)(zang)簋蓋(gai)捐獻給(gei)山東省(sheng)博物館，頌簋始成完璧。