形態特征
小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喬木,高(gao)達(da)12米(mi)(mi)。樹干及(ji)(ji)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)枝白灰或淡黃(huang)灰色(se),略有(you)(you)光澤,當年生(sheng)枝綠色(se),其橫切(qie)面(mian)呈(cheng)鈍三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),底邊(bian)近圓弧形(xing)(xing)。幼苗期的(de)葉(xie)(xie)為單(dan)葉(xie)(xie),其后(hou)為單(dan)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)及(ji)(ji)二小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)(xie),成長(chang)(chang)葉(xie)(xie)有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)3-5、稀(xi)(xi)7片;小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)深綠色(se),葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)有(you)(you)光澤,卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)或卵(luan)(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)3-9厘米(mi)(mi),寬1.5-4厘米(mi)(mi),頂部狹長(chang)(chang)漸(jian)尖(jian),稀(xi)(xi)短尖(jian),基部短尖(jian),兩側對稱或一側偏斜(xie),邊(bian)全緣,波浪狀(zhuang)起(qi)伏,側脈每邊(bian)4-8條;小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)不足1厘米(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)序腋生(sheng)及(ji)(ji)頂生(sheng),通常有(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)10朵以內,稀(xi)(xi)多達(da)50余朵;萼(e)片卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)達(da)2毫米(mi)(mi),邊(bian)緣有(you)(you)疏(shu)毛,宿(su)存;花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣倒披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)或狹長(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)達(da)2厘米(mi)(mi),盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)稍反(fan)折,散生(sheng)淡黃(huang)色(se)半透明油點(dian);雄蕊10枚,長(chang)(chang)短相間(jian),花(hua)(hua)(hua)絲白色(se),線狀(zhuang),比花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱略短,藥隔(ge)中央及(ji)(ji)頂端極少有(you)(you)油點(dian);花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱綠色(se),細長(chang)(chang),連子(zi)房(fang)長(chang)(chang)達(da)12毫米(mi)(mi),柱頭(tou)甚(shen)大,比子(zi)房(fang)寬或等寬,子(zi)房(fang)2室。果橙黃(huang)至朱紅色(se),狹長(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing),稀(xi)(xi)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing),頂部漸(jian)狹,長(chang)(chang)1-2厘米(mi)(mi),寬5-14毫米(mi)(mi),有(you)(you)甚(shen)多干后(hou)凸起(qi)但中央窩點(dian)狀(zhuang)下(xia)陷的(de)油點(dian),種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)1-2粒;種(zhong)(zhong)皮有(you)(you)棉(mian)質毛。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期4-9月,也有(you)(you)秋、冬(dong)開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua),果期9-12月。
生長環境
喜溫(wen)(wen)暖濕(shi)潤氣候,耐旱(han),不耐寒。最適年平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)15~18℃,最高(gao)月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)27~29℃,最低(di)月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)1~2℃,能耐極端最低(di)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)-7℃,年降雨量(liang)1000~1600mm為(wei)(wei)宜。以(yi)選陽(yang)光充(chong)足,土層(ceng)深厚、疏松肥沃的(de)微堿(jian)性(xing)土壤栽培為(wei)(wei)宜。
主要價值
根、葉(xie)用作草藥。味微辛,苦而麻(ma)辣。性溫,一說有小毒(du),通(tong)經絡,行氣,活血,散瘀,止痛(tong),鎮驚,消腫(zhong),解(jie)毒(du)。治(zhi)感冒、頭痛(tong)、胃(wei)痛(tong)、牙痛(tong)、風濕骨痛(tong)、跌打腫(zhong)痛(tong)。
根皮(pi)松軟,淡(dan)黃色,據報(bao)道,根的(de)50%酒精(jing)浸劑可用作口(kou)腔粘(zhan)膜(mo)表皮(pi)麻醉劑,用兩(liang)面針和(he)千里香的(de)根50%的(de)酒精(jing)浸劑,可減輕局(ju)部刺(ci)激(ji)作用。