形態特征
小喬木,高(gao)達(da)12米。樹干及(ji)(ji)小枝白灰(hui)或淡黃灰(hui)色(se)(se)(se)(se),略有(you)(you)(you)光澤,當年生枝綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se),其(qi)(qi)橫切面(mian)呈(cheng)鈍三角形(xing),底邊近圓(yuan)弧(hu)形(xing)。幼(you)苗期的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)為單葉(xie)(xie)(xie),其(qi)(qi)后為單小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)及(ji)(ji)二小葉(xie)(xie)(xie),成(cheng)長(chang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)有(you)(you)(you)小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)3-5、稀(xi)(xi)7片;小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)深(shen)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)光澤,卵(luan)形(xing)或卵(luan)狀披針(zhen)形(xing),長(chang)3-9厘(li)(li)(li)米,寬(kuan)1.5-4厘(li)(li)(li)米,頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)狹長(chang)漸(jian)尖(jian),稀(xi)(xi)短(duan)尖(jian),基部(bu)短(duan)尖(jian),兩(liang)側對稱或一側偏(pian)斜,邊全緣(yuan),波浪狀起伏,側脈(mo)每邊4-8條;小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄長(chang)不足1厘(li)(li)(li)米。花(hua)(hua)序腋生及(ji)(ji)頂(ding)(ding)生,通常有(you)(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)10朵以內,稀(xi)(xi)多達(da)50余朵;萼片卵(luan)形(xing),長(chang)達(da)2毫(hao)(hao)米,邊緣(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)疏毛,宿存;花(hua)(hua)瓣倒披針(zhen)形(xing)或狹長(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing),長(chang)達(da)2厘(li)(li)(li)米,盛花(hua)(hua)時(shi)稍反(fan)折,散生淡黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)半(ban)透(tou)明油點(dian);雄蕊10枚(mei),長(chang)短(duan)相間(jian),花(hua)(hua)絲白色(se)(se)(se)(se),線狀,比(bi)花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)略短(duan),藥隔中(zhong)央(yang)及(ji)(ji)頂(ding)(ding)端極少有(you)(you)(you)油點(dian);花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se),細長(chang),連子(zi)房長(chang)達(da)12毫(hao)(hao)米,柱(zhu)頭甚(shen)大,比(bi)子(zi)房寬(kuan)或等寬(kuan),子(zi)房2室。果橙黃至朱紅色(se)(se)(se)(se),狹長(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing),稀(xi)(xi)卵(luan)形(xing),頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)漸(jian)狹,長(chang)1-2厘(li)(li)(li)米,寬(kuan)5-14毫(hao)(hao)米,有(you)(you)(you)甚(shen)多干后凸(tu)起但中(zhong)央(yang)窩(wo)點(dian)狀下陷(xian)的(de)(de)油點(dian),種子(zi)1-2粒;種皮有(you)(you)(you)棉質毛。花(hua)(hua)期4-9月,也有(you)(you)(you)秋、冬開花(hua)(hua),果期9-12月。
生長環境
喜溫(wen)暖濕潤氣候,耐(nai)(nai)旱,不耐(nai)(nai)寒。最(zui)(zui)(zui)適(shi)年平均(jun)溫(wen)度(du)15~18℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)高月平均(jun)溫(wen)度(du)27~29℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)月平均(jun)溫(wen)度(du)1~2℃,能耐(nai)(nai)極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)溫(wen)度(du)-7℃,年降(jiang)雨量(liang)1000~1600mm為(wei)宜(yi)。以選(xuan)陽光充(chong)足,土層深厚、疏松肥沃的(de)微堿性土壤栽培(pei)為(wei)宜(yi)。
主要價值
根、葉用(yong)作草藥。味微辛,苦而(er)麻辣。性溫,一說有(you)小毒,通經絡(luo),行氣,活血(xue),散瘀,止痛(tong)(tong),鎮驚(jing),消腫,解毒。治感冒、頭痛(tong)(tong)、胃痛(tong)(tong)、牙痛(tong)(tong)、風(feng)濕骨痛(tong)(tong)、跌(die)打腫痛(tong)(tong)。
根皮松(song)軟(ruan),淡(dan)黃色(se),據報道,根的50%酒精(jing)浸劑(ji)可(ke)用(yong)作口腔粘膜表皮麻醉劑(ji),用(yong)兩(liang)面針和(he)千里香(xiang)的根50%的酒精(jing)浸劑(ji),可(ke)減(jian)輕局(ju)部刺激(ji)作用(yong)。