一.產品介紹
洪洞(dong)(dong)有(you)“蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)花(hua)(hua)城(cheng)”之(zhi)稱,縣城(cheng)東(dong)有(you)護城(cheng)河(he)與玉峰山相連,南(nan)隔洪安(an)澗河(he)與坂里(li)坡相望,西(xi)、北均(jun)為(wei)(wei)水田,舊(jiu)時四(si)周種植(zhi)(zhi)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)菜,盛(sheng)夏,葉(xie)聯成璧,點(dian)綴著(zhu)朵(duo)朵(duo)白(bai)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、紅(hong)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)蓬,葉(xie)下(xia)潛(qian)著(zhu)金鯉(li)、鯰魚、蝦蟹。遠遠看,似乎將整座(zuo)縣城(cheng)托起,宛若仙境。洪洞(dong)(dong)“水包座(zuo)于蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)花(hua)(hua)城(cheng)”,俗有(you)洪洞(dong)(dong)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)菜與別地(di)異樣(yang),多一(yi)個眼之(zhi)說,這(zhe)里(li)生(sheng)產的蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)藕肉(rou)質肥嫩,白(bai)凈滾圓,口感(gan)甜脆(cui),利于存(cun)放,生(sheng)食堪與梨媲美,系山西(xi)省洪洞(dong)(dong)縣主要土特(te)產之(zhi)一(yi),種植(zhi)(zhi)歷史悠久,名(ming)揚三晉。 清(qing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)光年間(jian),壽(shou)陽祁宿藻(zao)在玉峰書院(yuan)為(wei)(wei)講席(xi),他是道(dao)(dao)(dao)光十八年進士,曾官至(zhi)江寧布政使,其兄(xiong)(xiong)祁雋藻(zao)為(wei)(wei)嘉慶十九年進士,曾官至(zhi)大學士銜(xian)禮部(bu)尚書,詩(shi)古文(wen)(wen)詞(ci),卓然成家,為(wei)(wei)當(dang)時著(zhu)名(ming)文(wen)(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren),亦為(wei)(wei)大槐樹移民(min)后裔,兄(xiong)(xiong)弟二人(ren)(ren)(ren)游(you)洪洞(dong)(dong)后,互贈詩(shi)各一(yi)首,其兄(xiong)(xiong)詩(shi)內(nei)有(you)“蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)花(hua)(hua)好城(cheng)廓,槐樹舊(jiu)村墟(xu)”之(zhi)句,其弟在《故(gu)鄉(xiang)吟》一(yi)詩(shi)中也(ye)有(you)“一(yi)經蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)橋花(hua)(hua)滿城(cheng),問津疑(yi)是桃花(hua)(hua)渡(du)”。此兩(liang)詩(shi)傳誦一(yi)時,為(wei)(wei)當(dang)時文(wen)(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)名(ming)流所樂道(dao)(dao)(dao),人(ren)(ren)(ren)們也(ye)就稱洪洞(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)花(hua)(hua)城(cheng)了。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
洪(hong)洞(dong)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)藕種植(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)地處(chu)曲亭水(shui)庫周邊;土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤以潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)主,適(shi)宜水(shui)生蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)生長;土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤PH值8.2—8.5之間。有機質(zhi)38.4g/㎏,堿解氮220.7㎎/㎏,有效磷122.2㎎/㎏,速效鉀587㎎/㎏,這種土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)有機質(zhi)養分(fen)較高,為(wei)(wei)優質(zhi)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)藕最(zui)佳生產區(qu)域(yu)。該(gai)區(qu)域(yu)內,水(shui)資(zi)源極為(wei)(wei)豐富。為(wei)(wei)洪(hong)洞(dong)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)藕提(ti)供(gong)了獨(du)一無(wu)二的自(zi)然(ran)生長環境,為(wei)(wei)生產優質(zhi)商品(pin)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)提(ti)供(gong)了可靠的保證(zheng)。洪(hong)洞(dong)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)藕種植(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)平(ping)均(jun)海(hai)拔480-560米。屬暖溫帶大陸性季風(feng)氣候,春季少雨多風(feng),夏季炎熱,降水(shui)集(ji)中;秋(qiu)季多晴朗涼爽天氣,冬季寒(han)冷干燥,四季分(fen)明,無(wu)霜期189天左右(you);年平(ping)均(jun)溫度12.3℃,年平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量(liang)493.3mm,年均(jun)日照時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)2474小(xiao)時(shi),多集(ji)中在6—9月份,與蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)最(zui)佳生長期吻合,利于(yu)發展蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)產業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
洪洞(dong)縣(xian)(xian)東倚巍峨矗(chu)立的中鎮(zhen)霍山,西屏(ping)峰巒疊嶂的呂梁山,川(chuan)流不息的汾河水由北(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)縱貫其間;這里四季分明(ming),氣候(hou)宜人,年平均溫(wen)度12.3℃,年平均降水量493.3mm;洪洞(dong)蓮藕(ou)栽植區域(yu)位于洪洞(dong)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)東部,地理(li)坐(zuo)標東經(jing)110°20'—110°50',北(bei)緯36°15'—36°23'。涉(she)及洪洞(dong)縣(xian)(xian)16個鄉鎮(zhen),463個行(xing)政村,1563平方公(gong)里,種植面積670公(gong)頃(qing),年生產3萬噸。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
1.外在感官特征:蓮(lian)菜是(shi)蓮(lian)藕肥大(da)的地下根狀莖(jing),洪(hong)洞蓮(lian)藕為當地古老品種--白蓮(lian),果(guo)實基(ji)本為紡錘(chui)形,并伴有不規則棱角,大(da)小均勻,皮(pi)白如玉(yu)。
2.內在(zai)(zai)品質:洪洞(dong)蓮(lian)藕營養(yang)豐富,酥脆無(wu)渣(zha),味(wei)甘(gan)多(duo)液,折斷可拉絲且有獨特清香味(wei),商品性好。每100克產(chan)品檢測結(jie)果表(biao)明:水(shui)分(fen)含量(liang)在(zai)(zai)70%—86%之間(jian),淀粉含量(liang)≥10g/100%,維生素C≥25mg/100g,總(zong)膳食纖(xian)維含量(liang)≥1.4g/100g,粗多(duo)糖含量(liang)≥1g/100g,總(zong)黃酮(tong)含量(liang)≥20mg/100g。主要營養(yang)物質均高于其它蓮(lian)藕養(yang)分(fen)標(biao)準。
3.安(an)全(quan)(quan)要求:洪(hong)(hong)洞(dong)蓮(lian)藕(ou)(ou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)符(fu)合NY5331-2006《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地環境(jing)條(tiao)件》。生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong),嚴格(ge)執行NY5238-2005《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術規程》。洪(hong)(hong)洞(dong)蓮(lian)藕(ou)(ou)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品符(fu)合中(zhong)華人民共和行業(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品蓮(lian)藕(ou)(ou)》的安(an)全(quan)(quan)指標(biao),在包(bao)裝,標(biao)識上需符(fu)合農業(ye)部(bu)《農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品包(bao)裝和標(biao)識管理辦(ban)法(fa)》,進入市(shi)場的必須(xu)遵守《農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)》及其它(ta)法(fa)律法(fa)規的有(you)關(guan)規定。瓦(wa)楞紙箱(xiang)按(an)(an)GB6543的規定執行,塑料袋按(an)(an)GB4456和GB588—89的規定執行,塑料箱(xiang)按(an)(an)GB8868—88《蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)塑料周轉箱(xiang)》執行。
五(wu).特定(ding)生產(chan)方式
1.產地(di)選擇與特殊內容規定:產地(di)選擇曲亭水(shui)庫灌溉區域(yu),土壤以潮土、褐土為宜,PH值(zhi)介于8.2-8.5之(zhi)間。
2.品種選擇與(yu)特定要求:適(shi)宜品種:白蓮(lian)、鄂蓮(lian)5號(hao)等
3.生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程管理:蓮藕是多年生(sheng)(sheng)宿根植物(wu),一年一度完成它的生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)期(qi)(qi)。按(an)照其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)規律,一般分為(wei)5個時期(qi)(qi)。
(1)幼苗期(qi):從種植(zhi)藕根莖萌(meng)動開始(shi),到(dao)第一片立(li)葉展出(chu)為止(zhi);要求在平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)上升(sheng)到(dao)15℃時,即可定植(zhi)藕根;這一時期(qi)長出(chu)的葉片全部(bu)是(shi)浮葉,保持8—10㎝水位,提高低溫(wen),利于萌(meng)發。
(2)成苗期:從出現(xian)第一片立葉(xie)開始到(dao)現(xian)蕾為止。及時補充水,保持15-20㎝水位。
(3)花果期:從(cong)植株現蕾到(dao)出(chu)(chu)現終止葉為止。蓮藕花期一般延續2個(ge)月左右,子葉長出(chu)(chu)3—4片葉后,基本上是一花一葉,此(ci)期應該開始加強水肥管(guan)理。
(4)結(jie)藕期:從(cong)后棟葉(xie)出現到植株(zhu)地上部分變(bian)黃枯萎為止。此(ci)期為蓮藕的(de)(de)根狀莖開始膨大(da)形成藕的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵時期,應視(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)情況每(mei)畝追施以尿素(su)為主的(de)(de)化學(xue)肥料15—20公(gong)斤(jin),并(bing)及時補充水(shui)分。
(5)休(xiu)眠期(qi):從植(zhi)株地上部分變黃枯萎,新藕完全(quan)形成,直(zhi)到第(di)二年春天葉芽、頂芽開始萌發(fa)為止。此期(qi)應及時挖(wa)出(chu)商(shang)品藕。
4.產(chan)品收(shou)獲及(ji)產(chan)后處理規定:采收(shou)鮮食藕應在(zai)8—9月(yue)進行,采收(shou)熟(shu)食藕應在(zai)休眠期進行。
5.生產記(ji)錄要求(qiu):洪洞蓮(lian)藕生產企業和(he)農民專業合(he)作經濟組織,應當按照農產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全法的(de)要求(qiu)建立生產記(ji)錄,記(ji)載使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)投入品(pin)(pin)的(de)名(ming)稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)量(liang)和(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)的(de)日期(qi)(qi);病(bing)蟲(chong)害的(de)發生和(he)防治情況;采收日期(qi)(qi)等(deng),生產記(ji)錄保存二年。