【汽(qi)車蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)充電】汽(qi)車蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)怎么充電 汽車蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)時間

電(dian)(dian)解液比重降(jiang)至1.2以(yi)下；冬季(ji)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)超過25%；夏(xia)季(ji)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)超過50%；燈光暗(an)淡；啟動無力(li)時應(ying)進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。有的車主認為，快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)可以(yi)節省時間，只需要3-5個小時。其(qi)實(shi)不然，快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)只是(shi)迅速把電(dian)(dian)池表(biao)面激(ji)活，而實(shi)際上(shang)電(dian)(dian)池內部是(shi)沒有 完(wan)全充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)的。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的行(xing)駛性(xing)能。雖說(shuo)充電是個相當簡單的操(cao)作，但也有一些注意(yi)事項：

向鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池充電(dian)時，要穿上保護衣。

充電時，蓄電池附近不能有(you)火花，禁(jin)止抽煙(yan)。

對(dui)一個或對(dui)多個蓄電(dian)(dian)池并(bing)聯(lian)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)壓不要超過(guo)16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當(dang)今汽車(che)上的(de)電(dian)動(dong)設備(bei)越來越多，車(che)主在使用這(zhe)些電(dian)動(dong)設備(bei)時(shi)，盡量(liang)不要(yao)讓蓄電(dian)池超負荷(he)工(gong)作(zuo)。蓄電(dian)池的(de)超負荷(he)工(gong)作(zuo)會減少蓄電(dian)池的(de)壽命。掌握正確(que)的(de)蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)方法很重要(yao)。

首先(xian)將電(dian)池正極(ji)接電(dian)源(yuan)正極(ji)，電(dian)池負極(ji)接電(dian)源(yuan)負極(ji)。

初(chu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爭兩個階段進行(xing)：首先用(yong)初(chu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)放出氣(qi)泡，單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升到2.3~2.4V為止。然后將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降為1/2初(chu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，繼續(xu)(xu)充到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)放出劇烈的氣(qi)泡，比征和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓連續(xu)(xu)3h穩定不變為止。全部充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)約(yue)為45~65h。

充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)應常(chang)測(ce)量電(dian)解液溫度用電(dian)流減半、停止充(chong)電(dian)或冷卻的方法(fa)，將(jiang)溫度控(kong)制在35~40℃，初充(chong)電(dian)完(wan)畢時(shi)，若電(dian)解液比重不合(he)規定，應用蒸餾(liu)水或比重為1.4的電(dian)解液進(jin)行調整。調整后再充(chong)電(dian)2h，直至比重符合(he)規定時(shi)為止。

提示:蓄電池一般二、三年更換一次(ci)。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若充電過量，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后(hou)再用。

2、不進行補充充電

有(you)些(xie)駕駛員常忽視對(dui)在(zai)用車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)車上(shang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)徹底(di)，易造成(cheng)極板硫化(hua)；同時(shi)，在(zai)使用中充(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)不(bu)平衡的(de)，倘(tang)若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)于(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長期處于(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板就會(hui)慢(man)慢(man)硫化(hua)。這(zhe)種(zhong)慢(man)性硫化(hua)，會(hui)使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)(liang)不(bu)斷降(jiang)低，直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)起動無(wu)力，大(da)大(da)縮短蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用壽命。為使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板上(shang)的(de)活性物(wu)質及時(shi)得到(dao)(dao)還原，減少極板硫化(hua)，提(ti)高蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)(liang)，延長其使用壽命，對(dui)在(zai)用車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應定期進行(xing)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄電(dian)池經(jing)常過量(liang)充(chong)電(dian)，即使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流不大，但電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)長時間“沸騰”，除了活(huo)性物(wu)質表面的(de)細小顆粒(li)易于脫落外，還會使(shi)柵架過分(fen)氧(yang)化，造(zao)成(cheng)活(huo)性物(wu)質與柵架松散(san)剝離(li)。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成蓄(xu)(xu)電池電荷容量不足，不能正常工作，甚(shen)至(zhi)導致蓄(xu)(xu)電池報廢。因此，充(chong)電時一(yi)定(ding)要注意極性(xing)，切不可極性(xing)充(chong)反。