【汽車蓄電池(chi)充(chong)電】汽車蓄電池(chi)怎么充(chong)電 汽車蓄電池充電時間
電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液比(bi)重降至1.2以(yi)下;冬(dong)季放電(dian)(dian)(dian)超過(guo)25%;夏季放電(dian)(dian)(dian)超過(guo)50%;燈(deng)光暗淡;啟動無力時(shi)(shi)應(ying)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。有的車主認為(wei),快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可以(yi)節省時(shi)(shi)間,只需要3-5個小時(shi)(shi)。其(qi)實不然,快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)只是迅(xun)速(su)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池表面激活,而實際上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部是沒(mei)有 完(wan)全(quan)充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)的。
除了快速充電之外,還有一種為慢充電,充電時間為10-15個小時,那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電,否則充電時間不夠,充電量不足 ,會直接影響到汽車的行駛(shi)性能。雖說(shuo)充(chong)電是個相當簡單的操作,但也有一些注(zhu)意事項(xiang):
向鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池充電(dian)時,要穿上保護(hu)衣。
充電時,蓄電池附近不能有火花,禁(jin)止(zhi)抽煙。
對(dui)(dui)一(yi)個(ge)或對(dui)(dui)多個(ge)蓄電池并聯充(chong)電時(shi),充(chong)電器電壓不要超過16V。
一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電
當(dang)今汽車上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動設備(bei)越來越多(duo),車主在使用這(zhe)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動設備(bei)時(shi),盡量不要讓(rang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)超(chao)負(fu)荷工(gong)作。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的超(chao)負(fu)荷工(gong)作會(hui)減(jian)少蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的壽(shou)命(ming)。掌握(wo)正(zheng)確(que)的蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法很重要。
首先(xian)將電池(chi)正極接電源正極,電池(chi)負(fu)極接電源負(fu)極。
初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)爭兩個(ge)階(jie)段進行(xing):首先(xian)用初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流充(chong)(chong)到電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)放出(chu)氣(qi)泡,單格(ge)電(dian)壓升到2.3~2.4V為(wei)止。然后將電(dian)流降為(wei)1/2初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流,繼續充(chong)(chong)到電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)放出(chu)劇烈的氣(qi)泡,比(bi)征和(he)電(dian)壓連續3h穩定不變(bian)為(wei)止。全部充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)約為(wei)45~65h。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中應常測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)解液溫度用電(dian)(dian)流減半、停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)或冷卻的方法,將溫度控制在(zai)35~40℃,初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)完畢時,若電(dian)(dian)解液比(bi)重(zhong)不(bu)合(he)規定,應用蒸餾水或比(bi)重(zhong)為1.4的電(dian)(dian)解液進行調整(zheng)。調整(zheng)后再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)2h,直至比(bi)重(zhong)符合(he)規定時為止。
提(ti)示(shi):蓄電池一(yi)(yi)般二(er)、三年更換(huan)一(yi)(yi)次。
二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區
1、不進行初充電
蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電,初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足,則蓄電池電荷容量不高,使用壽命也短;若充電(dian)過(guo)量(liang),則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好,但也會縮短它的使用壽命,所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池,按使用說明書,雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用,只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min,不需要充電即可投入使用。但是,如果儲存期超過兩年,由于極板上有部分氧化,為了提高其電荷容量,使用前應進行補充充電,充電5h-8h后再用。
2、不進行補充充電
有(you)些駕駛員(yuan)常忽視(shi)對在用(yong)(yong)車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的補充充電(dian)(dian)。由于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在車上(shang)充電(dian)(dian)不徹底,易造成極板硫化;同時(shi),在使用(yong)(yong)中充、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)是不平衡的,倘(tang)若放(fang)電(dian)(dian)大于充電(dian)(dian)而使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長期處(chu)于虧電(dian)(dian)狀態,蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板就會慢慢硫化。這(zhe)種慢性硫化,會使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)(liang)不斷(duan)降低(di),直到起(qi)動無力,大大縮短蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的使用(yong)(yong)壽命。為使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板上(shang)的活性物質及時(shi)得到還(huan)原(yuan),減少極板硫化,提(ti)高(gao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)(liang),延長其使用(yong)(yong)壽命,對在用(yong)(yong)車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應定(ding)期進行補充充電(dian)(dian)。
3、蓄電池過充電
蓄電池經常過量充電,即使充電電流不大,但電解(jie)液長時(shi)間“沸騰”,除了活性物(wu)質表面(mian)的細小顆(ke)粒易于脫(tuo)落外,還會使柵架過分氧化,造成(cheng)活性物(wu)質與柵架松(song)散剝離。
4、充電時極性充反
由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同,除了活性物質外,負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料,用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外,每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片,而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時,若不注意極性,會使蓄電池充反,使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4,造(zao)成蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池電(dian)荷容(rong)量不(bu)足,不(bu)能正(zheng)常工(gong)作,甚至導致蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池報廢。因(yin)此,充電(dian)時(shi)一定要注意極性(xing),切不(bu)可極性(xing)充反。