【汽車蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)】汽車蓄電(dian)(dian)池怎么充電(dian)(dian) 汽(qi)車蓄電池充電時(shi)間

電解液(ye)比(bi)重降至1.2以(yi)(yi)下(xia)；冬季(ji)放電超過25%；夏季(ji)放電超過50%；燈光暗淡；啟動無力時應進行充電。有的車主認為，快速(su)充電可以(yi)(yi)節(jie)省時間(jian)，只需要3-5個(ge)小時。其實(shi)不然，快速(su)充電只是迅速(su)把電池表面激活，而(er)實(shi)際上電池內(nei)部是沒有 完全充滿電的。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的行駛(shi)性能。雖說充(chong)電是個相當(dang)簡單的操作，但也有一些注意事項：

向鉛酸電池(chi)充(chong)電時，要穿上(shang)保(bao)護(hu)衣。

充電時，蓄電池附近(jin)不能有火花，禁止抽煙。

對一(yi)個或(huo)對多(duo)個蓄(xu)電池并聯充電時，充電器(qi)電壓不要超(chao)過16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當今汽車上的(de)(de)電(dian)動設備越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多，車主在使用這些電(dian)動設備時，盡量不要(yao)讓蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池超負(fu)荷工作。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的(de)(de)超負(fu)荷工作會(hui)減少蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的(de)(de)壽命。掌握正確的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)方法很重要(yao)。

首先將(jiang)電(dian)池(chi)正極接(jie)電(dian)源(yuan)正極，電(dian)池(chi)負(fu)極接(jie)電(dian)源(yuan)負(fu)極。

初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爭兩個階段進行：首先用初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液放(fang)出氣泡(pao)，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升到(dao)2.3~2.4V為(wei)(wei)止(zhi)。然(ran)后將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降為(wei)(wei)1/2初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，繼續充到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液放(fang)出劇烈的氣泡(pao)，比征和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓連續3h穩定不變為(wei)(wei)止(zhi)。全部(bu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)45~65h。

充(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)中應常測量電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)溫度(du)用(yong)電(dian)流減半、停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)或(huo)冷卻的(de)方(fang)法，將(jiang)溫度(du)控制(zhi)在35~40℃，初充(chong)電(dian)完畢(bi)時，若(ruo)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)比(bi)重(zhong)不合(he)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，應用(yong)蒸餾水或(huo)比(bi)重(zhong)為1.4的(de)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)進行調整。調整后再充(chong)電(dian)2h，直至比(bi)重(zhong)符合(he)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)時為止。

提示:蓄電池(chi)一(yi)般二(er)、三年更換(huan)一(yi)次(ci)。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若充電過量，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后再用(yong)。

2、不進行補充充電

有些駕駛(shi)員常忽視對在用車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在車上(shang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不徹底(di)，易造(zao)成極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)硫化；同時，在使(shi)用中充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是不平衡的(de)，倘若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)長期處于虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)就會慢(man)慢(man)硫化。這種慢(man)性硫化，會使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量不斷降低，直(zhi)到(dao)起動(dong)無力，大(da)大(da)縮(suo)短蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)。為使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)上(shang)的(de)活性物質及時得(de)到(dao)還原，減少極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)硫化，提高蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量，延長其使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)，對在用車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)應定期進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄電池經常過量充電，即使(shi)(shi)充電電流不大，但(dan)電解液(ye)長(chang)時(shi)間“沸騰”，除了活(huo)性物質表面的細小顆(ke)粒易于脫(tuo)落外，還(huan)會(hui)使(shi)(shi)柵(zha)架(jia)(jia)過分氧(yang)化，造(zao)成(cheng)活(huo)性物質與柵(zha)架(jia)(jia)松散剝(bo)離(li)。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成蓄(xu)電池電荷容量不足，不能正常(chang)工作，甚(shen)至導致(zhi)蓄(xu)電池報廢(fei)。因此(ci)，充(chong)(chong)電時一(yi)定要注意極性，切不可極性充(chong)(chong)反。