【汽車(che)(che)蓄(xu)電池充電】汽車(che)(che)蓄(xu)電池怎么充電 汽車蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間

電(dian)解液(ye)比(bi)重降至1.2以(yi)下；冬季(ji)放電(dian)超過(guo)25%；夏季(ji)放電(dian)超過(guo)50%；燈(deng)光(guang)暗淡；啟(qi)動無力時應進行充電(dian)。有的(de)車主認為，快速(su)充電(dian)可以(yi)節(jie)省時間，只(zhi)需要3-5個小時。其實不然，快速(su)充電(dian)只(zhi)是迅速(su)把電(dian)池表面激活，而實際(ji)上電(dian)池內部(bu)是沒有 完(wan)全充滿電(dian)的(de)。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的行駛性能(neng)。雖(sui)說充電是(shi)個相(xiang)當簡單的操作，但也有(you)一些注(zhu)意事項：

向鉛酸(suan)電池充電時，要穿(chuan)上保護衣。

充電時，蓄電池附(fu)近不能有火(huo)花，禁止(zhi)抽煙(yan)。

對一個或(huo)對多個蓄電池并聯充(chong)電時，充(chong)電器(qi)電壓(ya)不要超(chao)過(guo)16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當今(jin)汽車上的電(dian)(dian)動設備越(yue)來越(yue)多，車主在使用(yong)這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)動設備時(shi)，盡量不要讓蓄電(dian)(dian)池超(chao)負荷工(gong)作。蓄電(dian)(dian)池的超(chao)負荷工(gong)作會減少(shao)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的壽(shou)命。掌握正確的蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)方法很重要。

首(shou)先(xian)將電(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)接電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)池負極(ji)(ji)接電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)負極(ji)(ji)。

初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爭(zheng)兩個階段(duan)進行：首先(xian)用初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液放(fang)出(chu)氣(qi)泡，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升到2.3~2.4V為止(zhi)。然后將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流降為1/2初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，繼續(xu)充到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液放(fang)出(chu)劇烈的氣(qi)泡，比征和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)連續(xu)3h穩定不變為止(zhi)。全部充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間約為45~65h。

充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)應常測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)溫(wen)度(du)(du)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)流減半、停止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)(huo)冷卻的方(fang)法(fa)，將溫(wen)度(du)(du)控制在35~40℃，初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢時(shi)(shi)，若電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不合(he)規定，應用蒸(zheng)餾水或(huo)(huo)比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為1.4的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)進行(xing)調整(zheng)。調整(zheng)后再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)2h，直至比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)符合(he)規定時(shi)(shi)為止。

提示:蓄電(dian)池一般二、三年更換一次(ci)。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若充(chong)電(dian)過量，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后(hou)再用。

2、不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員常忽視(shi)對(dui)在用(yong)(yong)車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。由(you)于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在車上充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)徹底(di)，易(yi)造成極板(ban)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)；同時(shi)，在使用(yong)(yong)中充(chong)、放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是不(bu)平(ping)衡的(de)(de)，倘若放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)大于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)而使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長(chang)期處于虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板(ban)就會(hui)慢慢硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)。這種(zhong)慢性(xing)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)，會(hui)使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)不(bu)斷降低(di)，直到起動(dong)無力，大大縮(suo)短蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)。為使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板(ban)上的(de)(de)活性(xing)物(wu)質及時(shi)得到還原，減少極板(ban)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)，提(ti)高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，延長(chang)其使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，對(dui)在用(yong)(yong)車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應(ying)定(ding)期進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄電(dian)(dian)池經常(chang)過量充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，即使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不大，但電(dian)(dian)解液長時間“沸騰”，除了活性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)表面的細小(xiao)顆粒易于脫落(luo)外，還會使(shi)柵(zha)架過分氧(yang)化，造成活性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)與柵(zha)架松(song)散剝離。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造(zao)成蓄電池(chi)電荷(he)容量(liang)不足，不能正常工作，甚(shen)至導(dao)致蓄電池(chi)報廢(fei)。因此，充電時(shi)一定(ding)要注意極(ji)性(xing)，切不可極(ji)性(xing)充反(fan)。