一、電除塵設備的結構

電除塵設備即電除塵器，是火力發電廠、鍋爐等使用的除塵設備，利用電力收塵(chen)，用于將燃(ran)煤或(huo)燃(ran)油鍋爐排放煙氣中的顆(ke)粒煙塵(chen)加以清除。

電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)的主(zhu)體結(jie)構(gou)(gou)是鋼結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，全(quan)部由(you)型鋼焊接而成(cheng)，外表面覆蓋蒙(meng)皮（薄鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)）和保(bao)溫材料，內(nei)部結(jie)構(gou)(gou)設計采用分層形式，由(you)電(dian)(dian)極板(ban)(ban)(ban)、電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)線(xian)(xian)、瓷(ci)絕(jue)緣支座、石英絕(jue)緣管、電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)線(xian)(xian)振打(da)裝置(zhi)、陰極板(ban)(ban)(ban)振打(da)裝置(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)線(xian)(xian)吊錘、進口(kou)分流(liu)(liu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、出口(kou)分流(liu)(liu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、排灰裝置(zhi)等部分組成(cheng)。

二、電除塵器的工作原理是什么

電除(chu)塵器(qi)的(de)(de)原理方(fang)面(mian)，主要是利用高壓電場對荷(he)電粉塵的(de)(de)吸附作用，將粉塵從含塵氣體(ti)(ti)中分離出來，達到(dao)除(chu)塵的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)，具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)工作原理如下：

煙(yan)(yan)氣通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)主體(ti)結構前的煙(yan)(yan)道時，使其煙(yan)(yan)塵帶正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，然后煙(yan)(yan)氣進入設置多層陰(yin)極板(ban)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)通道，由于帶正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷煙(yan)(yan)塵與陰(yin)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)的相互吸附作(zuo)用，使煙(yan)(yan)氣中(zhong)的顆(ke)粒煙(yan)(yan)塵吸附在(zai)陰(yin)極上，定(ding)時打擊陰(yin)極板(ban)，使具有一定(ding)厚(hou)度的煙(yan)(yan)塵在(zai)自重和振(zhen)動的雙(shuang)重作(zuo)用下跌落在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)結構下方的灰斗中(zhong)，即(ji)可(ke)清除(chu)煙(yan)(yan)氣中(zhong)的煙(yan)(yan)塵。

三、電除塵設備的工作過程

電除塵器的除塵過程分(fen)為四個基(ji)本階段：

1、氣體的電離與電暈的產生

在(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極與集(ji)塵電(dian)(dian)(dian)極之間加上(shang)直流的高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈極附近(jin)形成強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場，并(bing)發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈區內空氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)，產生(sheng)大(da)量的負離(li)(li)子(zi)和正(zheng)離(li)(li)子(zi)。

2、粉塵荷電

在(zai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)附近(jin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區內，正離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)立即(ji)被電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)表面吸(xi)引而(er)(er)失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)；自由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和負離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)則因受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場力的(de)(de)驅(qu)使(shi)和擴散作(zuo)用，向集塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)移動，于是在(zai)兩極(ji)之間的(de)(de)絕大部分(fen)(fen)空間內部都(dou)存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)自由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和負離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，含(han)塵(chen)氣流通過(guo)這部分(fen)(fen)空間時，粉塵(chen)與自由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、負離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)碰撞(zhuang)而(er)(er)結合在(zai)一起，從(cong)而(er)(er)實(shi)現了(le)粉塵(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、粉塵沉積

在電(dian)(dian)場(chang)庫侖力的(de)作用下，荷(he)電(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)被驅往集塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極，經過一段時間后，到達集塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極表面(mian)，放(fang)出所帶電(dian)(dian)荷(he)而(er)沉積在表面(mian)上形(xing)成粉塵(chen)薄層。

4、清灰

當(dang)集(ji)塵電極表面(mian)上粉塵集(ji)到一定(ding)厚度時(shi)，要用機械振打等方(fang)法(fa)將(jiang)沉積的粉塵清除，隔(ge)一定(ding)的時(shi)間也要進行清灰(hui)。