何祖(zu),又(you)稱何秀(xiu)姑(gu)、何仙(xian)姑(gu)等,居青(qing)華(hua)洞天,為(wei)八(ba)仙(xian)中(zhong)唯一的女仙(xian),道(dao)教(jiao)尊為(wei)“宏慈妙法元君”、“大圣(sheng)青霞仙(xian)(xian)姥”等(deng)。又因其形象多(duo)為一手持荷花的(de)美麗女子(zi),巧(qiao)降(jiang)及時雨、治世(shi)渡生,故(gu)民間稱其為“荷仙(xian)(xian)姑”。相傳(chuan)于(yu)北宋時期(qi)聚仙(xian)(xian)會(hui)時應(ying)鐵拐李之(zhi)(zhi)邀在(zai)石筍山位列八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)(xian)。現今西安八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)(xian)宮(gong)、泰(tai)山王母池等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)均有香火供奉,然而自唐宋以(yi)來(lai),關于(yu)何祖的(de)身(shen)世(shi)來(lai)歷眾說紛紜,各地(di)(di)(di)慶(qing)祝(zhu)何仙(xian)(xian)姑誕辰者(zhe)甚多(duo),人們出于(yu)敬(jing)禮之(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),常常將(jiang)何祖當作本地(di)(di)(di)靈應(ying)一方的(de)仙(xian)(xian)師(shi)。
何仙姑白日飛升,得道成仙,不忘人間的疾苦,經常在南方一帶行云布雨,消除疫災,解救苦難。凡是善良人需要她幫助,只需默默向天空祈禱,她就能像“及時雨”一樣趕到,給予人們以神奇的力量。
八仙是中國民間傳說中廣為流傳的道教八位神仙。分別是:鐵拐李(李玄)、漢鐘離(鐘離權)、張果老(張果)、呂洞賓(呂巖)、何仙姑(何瓊)、藍采和(許堅)、韓湘子、曹國舅(曹景休)。八仙(xian)(xian)中的(de)每一位神(shen)仙(xian)(xian)皆各(ge)有所(suo)長,各(ge)有各(ge)的(de)法力(li)。八仙(xian)(xian)聚在(zai)一齊更加成為(wei)高強的(de)力(li)量。后有八仙(xian)(xian)過(guo)海,各(ge)顯(xian)神(shen)通名言。
1、有人專(zhuan)供奉(feng)(feng)呂祖或鐵拐(guai)李仙師(shi),其實亦(yi)無不可。理(li)論(lun)上專(zhuan)門(men)供奉(feng)(feng)八仙或其中任(ren)何一位都可以。
2、既是仙人未(wei)必一(yi)定(ding)要酒肉供奉(feng)(feng),素(su)菜供奉(feng)(feng)可能更適(shi)宜(yi)。
3、供奉八仙其實是(shi)沒什么大忌諱的。不過如果供奉其它菩薩(sa)(sa),譬如觀世音菩薩(sa)(sa)時(shi),要以菩薩(sa)(sa)為主,八仙可(ke)伴(ban)著左(zuo)右。
八仙(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)中,有一(yi)位唯一(yi)的(de)女性,就是何仙(xian)姑,相傳于(yu)北(bei)宋時期(qi)聚仙(xian)會時應(ying)鐵(tie)拐(guai)李(li)之(zhi)(zhi)邀在(zai)石筍山(shan)位列八仙(xian)。
何仙姑(gu)是治世渡生得(de)八仙之一,在華夏中國世界廣有信(xin)眾。西安建(jian)有八仙宮(gong),在泰山王(wang)母池(chi)等處亦有香火(huo)。自唐宋以來(lai),有關何仙姑(gu)與呂洞賓得(de)事跡,載世頗多。
何仙姑(gu)在(zai)“八仙”中,是富(fu)于(yu)人情(qing)得女仙。因此,廟(miao)會活動——"何仙姑(gu)誕(dan)(dan)",各地慶者(zhe)甚重,廣州得增城慶祝誕(dan)(dan)期,是太陰歷(li):三月初七,西安(an)八仙宮得慶祝誕(dan)(dan)期則(ze)以四月初九(jiu)為準——因地點不(bu)同而(er)慶祝日期略有差異。
何仙(xian)姑(gu)得(de)(de)家鄉與駐世(shi)來歷,也有多地(di)(di)之說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),有廣東增城說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),還有廣西、福(fu)建、浙(zhe)江、安徽、湖南等多種說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)。說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)不(bu)一(yi),大概是因為一(yi)直以來,各地(di)(di)慶(qing)祝何仙(xian)姑(gu)誕辰者甚多,人們(men)出(chu)于敬(jing)禮(li)之情,因此常(chang)常(chang)將何仙(xian)姑(gu)當作本地(di)(di)家鄉,靈應一(yi)方得(de)(de)長(chang)者仙(xian)師。據《古今圖書集成·神異典》引《安慶(qing)府志(zhi)》《祁陽縣(xian)志(zhi)》《福(fu)建通志(zhi)》《浙(zhe)江通志(zhi)》及(ji)《歙(she)縣(xian)志(zhi)》等方志(zhi)記載,在安徽桐(tong)城、祁門,福(fu)建武平,浙(zhe)江昌(chang)化等地(di)(di),都有"何仙(xian)姑(gu)"在當地(di)(di)治世(shi)渡(du)生得(de)(de)靈跡(ji)仙(xian)蹤(zong)。
《浙(zhe)江通志》與《歙縣志》中(zhong)記(ji)載何仙姑(gu),曾經于(yu)北宋(song)、哲(zhe)宗、元佑年間(1086-1094),駐世教化(hua)一方。
云霞古洞
《岫(xiu)巖(yan)縣志》記載,位于遼寧省鞍山市岫(xiu)巖(yan)縣韭菜溝千(qian)年(nian)圣地碧云(yun)山云(yun)霞古洞,也是上洞八(ba)仙(xian)何仙(xian)姑(gu)(gu)道場之一,當年(nian)何仙(xian)姑(gu)(gu)東游路(lu)過,仰慕美(mei)景,并在此采藥煉(lian)丹修行(xing)濟世渡人(ren),取(qu)名云(yun)霞洞。
云(yun)(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),亦稱(cheng)云(yun)(yun)霞(xia)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),位于(yu)(yu)遼寧千山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈藥(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)風景區西南(nan)麓(lu)藥(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮碧(bi)(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)中麓(lu)五(wu)仙臺上(shang),已有上(shang)千年人文(wen)歷史,碧(bi)(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)稱(cheng)南(nan)嶺、天妃山(shan)(shan)(shan)。是藥(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)八景之(zhi)一(yi)。碧(bi)(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰疊翠重巒(luan)形似碧(bi)(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)騰空,云(yun)(yun)霞(xia)縈繞之(zhi)處,隱然有洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴,云(yun)(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、松(song)樹溝狐仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、小狐仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),相傳歷朝歷代為道家洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天福地之(zhi)一(yi)。云(yun)(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分上(shang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)下洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),上(shang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為仙姑(gu)(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),下洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為魚玄洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)為云(yun)(yun)霞(xia)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),屬于(yu)(yu)二洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)體,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內寬敞(chang),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內鐘(zhong)乳石惟(wei)妙惟(wei)肖,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內正(zheng)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)仙姑(gu)(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)供奉八仙。
其他道場
萬(wan)壽(shou)(shou)八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)宮,簡(jian)稱“八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)宮”,最(zui)早名為(wei)(wei)“八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)庵”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)西安最(zui)大、最(zui)著名的道(dao)教(jiao)觀(guan)院(yuan),位于西安市(shi)東(dong)關長樂坊,系唐興慶(qing)宮局部故址,是(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)教(jiao)主(zhu)流全真派十方(fang)叢(cong)林(lin)。八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)殿(dian),為(wei)(wei)萬(wan)壽(shou)(shou)八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)宮之主(zhu)殿(dian),是(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)觀(guan)日(ri)常(chang)舉行盛(sheng)大宗教(jiao)活(huo)動的場所(suo)。殿(dian)門正中(zhong)懸掛著“寶(bao)仙(xian)傳”四字匾額,為(wei)(wei)清光緒(xu)皇帝(di)所(suo)書。殿(dian)內正中(zhong)奉祀著東(dong)華帝(di)君(jun)。兩(liang)側(ce)分別為(wei)(wei)漢鐘離(li)、張(zhang)果(guo)老(lao)、韓湘子(zi)、鐵拐李、呂(lv)洞賓、曹國(guo)舅、藍采和(he)、何仙(xian)姑的“八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)”泥塑彩像。
現位于安徽(hui)潁(ying)上(shang)縣管谷村(cun)(cun),據記(ji)載(zai)共(gong)修建了(le)三次(ci),第一次(ci)已(yi)經無處考證(zheng),只在潁(ying)上(shang)地方(fang)志(zhi)中依稀記(ji)載(zai)。第二(er)次(ci)修建于民國時(shi)期,后因(yin)百姓焚(fen)香(xiang)燒裂了(le)碑文。第三次(ci)戊寅年正(zheng)月(yue)十五,陳平任文潁(ying)村(cun)(cun)書(shu)記(ji),立(li)仙(xian)姑(gu)碑,王國杰作跋。今(jin)立(li)碑,由潁(ying)上(shang)縣文聯提議(yi),荊學強、李國勇、余相臣、荊燦仁(ren)、馮傳禮等支(zhi)持,荊蘭(lan)保、鄒(zou)國民解囊修建。
何(he)仙(xian)姑家廟是增城市重點文物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位,被評為新(xin)八景之一(yi),名為“小樓(lou)仙(xian)源(yuan)”。家廟為祀(si)奉何(he)仙(xian)姑而建。廟宇始建于明代,清(qing)咸豐八年(1858 )重修(xiu)。
家廟磚石臺梁式結構(gou),第一、三進 13 架出前(qian)廊為(wei)封火山墻,第二進四柱一間五架拜亭為(wei)硬(ying)山頂。正堂(tang)供奉樟木雕塑的(de)何(he)仙姑像(xiang),左邊墻壁有(you)一幅八仙浮雕,右側有(you)一口(kou)天花井,名“仙姑井”。廟正堂(tang)右側的(de)瓦脊上(shang)有(you)棵桃樹,人稱“仙桃”。
何仙(xian)姑(gu)家廟(miao)始建于唐朝,歷經滄桑(sang)戰亂,明代作大規模的修繕,清朝咸豐八(ba)(ba)年(nian)重修。家廟(miao)門(men)額上“何仙(xian)姑(gu)家廟(miao)”五(wu)個隸(li)書(shu)大字(zi),乃咸豐戌年(nian)嘉平年(nian)黃培芳所書(shu)。門(men)口(kou)兩邊鐫刻行書(shu)楹聯:“千年(nian)履舄遺丹井(jing)(jing),百代衣(yi)冠拜(bai)古祠。”為(wei)史官王映斗(dou)所書(shu)。家廟(miao)磚石臺梁(liang)式結(jie)構,硬(ying)山頂(ding)(ding)屋脊和封火(huo)山墻,廟(miao)內外裝飾(shi)以木雕(diao)、灰雕(diao)、磚雕(diao)為(wei)主,飛檐(yan)拍板(ban)遍(bian)布花鳥、戲曲人物,工藝(yi)精湛優美(mei)。廟(miao)內有仙(xian)姑(gu)殿、廟(miao)頂(ding)(ding)仙(xian)桃、仙(xian)姑(gu)井(jing)(jing)、三忠、八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)堂等景點(dian)。
家(jia)廟有兩大(da)節慶,每年三月初(chu)七仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)誕、八(ba)月初(chu)八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)得道日,善信(xin)自發舉(ju)行盛大(da)紀(ji)念活動,萬(wan)人(ren)空(kong)巷,場(chang)(chang)面蔚為(wei)壯觀。現(xian)應信(xin)眾要求(qiu),重(zhong)修(xiu)何(he)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)家(jia)廟,重(zhong)修(xiu)方案已通過(guo)專家(jia)論證(zheng)。重(zhong)修(xiu)后的何(he)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)家(jia)廟占地14000平方米(mi),增建仙(xian)(xian)(xian)源(yuan)牌(pai)樓、家(jia)廟廣場(chang)(chang)、八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)會館、麻姑(gu)殿、云(yun)母溪、仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)碑林等(deng)一系列配套景(jing)點。