何(he)祖,又稱何(he)秀(xiu)姑、何(he)仙姑等(deng),居青華洞(dong)天,為八仙中唯一(yi)的女仙,道教尊為“宏慈妙法元君”、“大圣青霞仙(xian)(xian)姥”等。又因其(qi)形象多為一手(shou)持荷花的美麗女子,巧降及時雨、治世渡生,故(gu)民間稱其(qi)為“荷仙(xian)(xian)姑”。相傳于(yu)北宋時期聚仙(xian)(xian)會(hui)時應鐵(tie)拐李之(zhi)邀在石筍(sun)山位列八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)。現今西安(an)八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)宮、泰山王母池等地(di)(di)(di)均有香火供(gong)奉,然而自(zi)唐宋以來(lai),關于(yu)何祖的身世來(lai)歷(li)眾(zhong)說紛紜,各地(di)(di)(di)慶祝何仙(xian)(xian)姑誕辰者甚(shen)多,人們出于(yu)敬禮之(zhi)情,常常將何祖當作本地(di)(di)(di)靈應一方的仙(xian)(xian)師。
何仙姑白日飛升,得道成仙,不忘人間的疾苦,經常在南方一帶行云布雨,消除疫災,解救苦難。凡是善良人需要她幫助,只需默默向天空祈禱,她就能像“及時雨”一樣趕到,給予人們以神奇的力量。
八仙是中國民間傳說中廣為流傳的道教八位神仙。分別是:鐵拐李(李玄)、漢鐘離(鐘離權)、張果老(張果)、呂洞賓(呂巖)、何仙姑(何瓊)、藍采和(許堅)、韓湘子、曹國舅(曹景休)。八仙中的每一位神仙皆各(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)所長,各(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)(ge)的法力(li)。八仙聚在一齊更(geng)加成為高(gao)強(qiang)的力(li)量。后有(you)(you)八仙過海,各(ge)(ge)(ge)顯神通名言。
1、有人專供奉呂(lv)祖或鐵拐李仙(xian)師,其(qi)實亦無不(bu)可。理(li)論上(shang)專門供奉八仙(xian)或其(qi)中任何一位(wei)都可以。
2、既是仙人未必一定要(yao)酒肉(rou)供(gong)奉(feng),素菜供(gong)奉(feng)可能(neng)更適宜。
3、供奉(feng)八(ba)仙其實是(shi)沒什么大忌諱(hui)的。不過如果(guo)供奉(feng)其它菩(pu)薩,譬如觀世音菩(pu)薩時,要(yao)以菩(pu)薩為主,八(ba)仙可伴著左右。
八仙(xian)(xian)之中(zhong),有一位唯一的女性,就是何仙(xian)(xian)姑,相傳于北宋時(shi)期聚(ju)仙(xian)(xian)會時(shi)應(ying)鐵拐李(li)之邀在石筍(sun)山位列八仙(xian)(xian)。
何仙(xian)姑是(shi)治世渡生得八(ba)仙(xian)之(zhi)一,在華夏中(zhong)國世界廣有信(xin)眾。西(xi)安建有八(ba)仙(xian)宮(gong),在泰山(shan)王母(mu)池等處亦(yi)有香火。自(zi)唐宋(song)以來(lai),有關何仙(xian)姑與呂洞(dong)賓得事跡,載世頗多。
何仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)在“八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)”中(zhong),是(shi)富于人情得女仙(xian)(xian)。因(yin)此(ci),廟會活動——"何仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)誕(dan)",各地(di)慶(qing)者(zhe)甚重,廣州(zhou)得增城慶(qing)祝誕(dan)期(qi)(qi),是(shi)太陰歷(li):三月初(chu)七,西安八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)宮(gong)得慶(qing)祝誕(dan)期(qi)(qi)則以四月初(chu)九為準——因(yin)地(di)點不同(tong)而(er)慶(qing)祝日(ri)期(qi)(qi)略有差(cha)異(yi)。
何(he)仙姑得家鄉(xiang)與(yu)駐世(shi)來歷,也有(you)多地之(zhi)說,有(you)廣(guang)東增城說,還有(you)廣(guang)西(xi)、福(fu)建、浙(zhe)江(jiang)、安徽(hui)(hui)、湖南等多種說法。說法不一(yi)(yi),大(da)概(gai)是因為一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)以來,各地慶祝何(he)仙姑誕(dan)辰者(zhe)甚(shen)多,人(ren)們出(chu)于敬禮(li)之(zhi)情,因此常常將何(he)仙姑當作本地家鄉(xiang),靈應一(yi)(yi)方得長者(zhe)仙師。據《古今圖書集成(cheng)·神異典(dian)》引《安慶府志(zhi)(zhi)》《祁陽縣志(zhi)(zhi)》《福(fu)建通志(zhi)(zhi)》《浙(zhe)江(jiang)通志(zhi)(zhi)》及《歙縣志(zhi)(zhi)》等方志(zhi)(zhi)記載,在安徽(hui)(hui)桐(tong)城、祁門,福(fu)建武平(ping),浙(zhe)江(jiang)昌化等地,都有(you)"何(he)仙姑"在當地治世(shi)渡生得靈跡(ji)仙蹤。
《浙江通志》與(yu)《歙(she)縣(xian)志》中記載(zai)何(he)仙姑,曾經于北宋、哲宗(zong)、元佑年間(1086-1094),駐世教(jiao)化一方。
云霞古洞
《岫巖縣(xian)(xian)志》記載(zai),位(wei)于遼寧(ning)省(sheng)鞍(an)山市(shi)岫巖縣(xian)(xian)韭菜溝千年圣(sheng)地碧云山云霞(xia)古洞(dong),也是上(shang)洞(dong)八仙(xian)何(he)仙(xian)姑道場(chang)之(zhi)一,當(dang)年何(he)仙(xian)姑東游路過,仰慕美景(jing),并在此采藥(yao)煉(lian)丹(dan)修(xiu)行濟世渡人,取名云霞(xia)洞(dong)。
云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),亦稱云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),位于遼寧千山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈藥山(shan)(shan)風景區(qu)西(xi)南麓(lu)藥山(shan)(shan)鎮碧(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)中麓(lu)五仙臺上,已有上千年人文歷史,碧(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)古(gu)(gu)稱南嶺、天(tian)妃山(shan)(shan)。是藥山(shan)(shan)八景之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。碧(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)峰疊(die)翠重巒形似碧(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)騰空,云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)縈繞之(zhi)處,隱然有洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴,云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、松樹溝狐(hu)仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、小狐(hu)仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong),相傳(chuan)歷朝歷代(dai)為(wei)(wei)道家洞(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)福地之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)分上洞(dong)(dong)(dong)和下洞(dong)(dong)(dong),上洞(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)仙姑洞(dong)(dong)(dong),下洞(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)魚玄洞(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)為(wei)(wei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),屬于二洞(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)體,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內寬(kuan)敞,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內鐘乳(ru)石惟妙惟肖,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內正洞(dong)(dong)(dong)仙姑洞(dong)(dong)(dong)供奉(feng)八仙。
其他道場
萬(wan)壽八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙宮,簡稱(cheng)“八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙宮”,最(zui)早(zao)名為(wei)“八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙庵”,是(shi)(shi)西(xi)安(an)最(zui)大、最(zui)著名的道(dao)(dao)教觀院,位于西(xi)安(an)市東關(guan)長(chang)樂坊(fang),系唐興慶宮局部故址,是(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)教主(zhu)流全真派十方(fang)叢(cong)林。八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙殿(dian),為(wei)萬(wan)壽八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙宮之主(zhu)殿(dian),是(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)觀日常舉行盛大宗教活動的場所。殿(dian)門正中懸掛著“寶仙傳”四字(zi)匾額,為(wei)清光緒(xu)皇(huang)帝所書。殿(dian)內(nei)正中奉祀著東華帝君。兩側分別為(wei)漢鐘離、張果老、韓湘(xiang)子、鐵(tie)拐(guai)李(li)、呂洞賓、曹(cao)國舅、藍采和(he)、何(he)仙姑的“八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙”泥(ni)塑彩像。
現位于安徽潁上縣管谷村,據記(ji)載(zai)共修(xiu)建(jian)了三(san)次(ci),第一次(ci)已經無處考(kao)證(zheng),只在潁上地方志中(zhong)依(yi)稀(xi)記(ji)載(zai)。第二(er)次(ci)修(xiu)建(jian)于民國時期,后因百姓焚香燒裂了碑(bei)文(wen)。第三(san)次(ci)戊寅(yin)年正月十五,陳平任文(wen)潁村書(shu)記(ji),立(li)仙姑(gu)碑(bei),王國杰作(zuo)跋。今立(li)碑(bei),由潁上縣文(wen)聯(lian)提議,荊(jing)(jing)學強、李(li)國勇、余相臣、荊(jing)(jing)燦仁(ren)、馮傳禮等支持,荊(jing)(jing)蘭(lan)保、鄒國民解囊修(xiu)建(jian)。
何仙姑家(jia)廟是(shi)增(zeng)城市重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保護單位(wei),被評為(wei)新八景(jing)之一,名為(wei)“小(xiao)樓仙源”。家(jia)廟為(wei)祀奉何仙姑而建。廟宇始建于明代,清咸豐八年(1858 )重(zhong)(zhong)修。
家廟磚石臺梁式結構,第一(yi)、三(san)進 13 架出前廊為封火山墻(qiang)(qiang),第二進四柱一(yi)間五架拜亭為硬(ying)山頂。正堂供奉樟木雕(diao)塑的何仙姑(gu)像,左邊墻(qiang)(qiang)壁有一(yi)幅(fu)八仙浮雕(diao),右(you)側(ce)有一(yi)口天花(hua)井,名“仙姑(gu)井”。廟正堂右(you)側(ce)的瓦脊上有棵(ke)桃(tao)樹,人稱(cheng)“仙桃(tao)”。
何仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑家(jia)廟(miao)(miao)始建(jian)于唐朝(chao),歷(li)經滄桑(sang)戰亂,明代(dai)(dai)作大規(gui)模(mo)的修繕,清朝(chao)咸豐八(ba)年(nian)重(zhong)修。家(jia)廟(miao)(miao)門額上“何仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑家(jia)廟(miao)(miao)”五個隸書大字,乃咸豐戌年(nian)嘉(jia)平年(nian)黃培芳所書。門口兩(liang)邊鐫刻(ke)行(xing)書楹聯:“千年(nian)履舄(xi)遺丹井,百代(dai)(dai)衣冠拜古祠。”為史官王映斗所書。家(jia)廟(miao)(miao)磚石(shi)臺梁式結構,硬山頂屋脊和封火山墻(qiang),廟(miao)(miao)內外裝飾以木雕(diao)、灰雕(diao)、磚雕(diao)為主,飛(fei)檐(yan)拍(pai)板遍布花鳥、戲曲人物,工藝精湛優美。廟(miao)(miao)內有仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑殿、廟(miao)(miao)頂仙(xian)(xian)(xian)桃、仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑井、三忠(zhong)、八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)堂等景點。
家(jia)廟有兩大(da)節(jie)慶,每(mei)年三(san)月初(chu)七仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)誕(dan)、八(ba)月初(chu)八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)得道日,善信自發舉(ju)行(xing)盛(sheng)大(da)紀(ji)念活動,萬人空巷,場(chang)面蔚為壯觀。現應(ying)信眾要(yao)求,重修(xiu)何仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)家(jia)廟,重修(xiu)方案已通過專家(jia)論證。重修(xiu)后的何仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)家(jia)廟占地14000平方米,增(zeng)建仙(xian)(xian)(xian)源牌(pai)樓、家(jia)廟廣場(chang)、八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)會館、麻姑(gu)(gu)殿、云母溪、仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)碑林等一(yi)系列配套(tao)景點。