何(he)(he)祖,又稱何(he)(he)秀姑、何(he)(he)仙姑等(deng),居青(qing)華洞(dong)天,為(wei)八仙中唯一(yi)的(de)女仙,道教尊(zun)為(wei)“宏慈妙法(fa)元君”、“大圣青霞仙(xian)(xian)姥(lao)”等(deng)。又因其形象多(duo)(duo)為一(yi)(yi)手(shou)持荷花(hua)的美麗女子,巧(qiao)降及時(shi)雨、治世渡生,故(gu)民間(jian)稱其為“荷仙(xian)(xian)姑”。相傳于北(bei)宋(song)時(shi)期聚仙(xian)(xian)會時(shi)應鐵拐(guai)李之邀在石筍山(shan)位(wei)列八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)。現(xian)今西安八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)宮、泰山(shan)王母池等(deng)地均有香火供(gong)奉,然而自唐(tang)宋(song)以來(lai),關于何祖(zu)的身(shen)世來(lai)歷眾說紛紜,各地慶祝何仙(xian)(xian)姑誕辰(chen)者甚(shen)多(duo)(duo),人們(men)出于敬禮之情,常常將(jiang)何祖(zu)當作本地靈應一(yi)(yi)方的仙(xian)(xian)師(shi)。
何仙姑白日飛升,得道成仙,不忘人間的疾苦,經常在南方一帶行云布雨,消除疫災,解救苦難。凡是善良人需要她幫助,只需默默向天空祈禱,她就能像“及時雨”一樣趕到,給予人們以神奇的力量。
八仙是中國民間傳說中廣為流傳的道教八位神仙。分別是:鐵拐李(李玄)、漢鐘離(鐘離權)、張果老(張果)、呂洞賓(呂巖)、何仙姑(何瓊)、藍采和(許堅)、韓湘子、曹國舅(曹景休)。八仙(xian)(xian)中的(de)每一(yi)位神仙(xian)(xian)皆各有所長,各有各的(de)法(fa)力。八仙(xian)(xian)聚在一(yi)齊更加成為高強的(de)力量。后有八仙(xian)(xian)過(guo)海,各顯神通名言。
1、有(you)人(ren)專供奉(feng)(feng)呂祖或鐵拐李仙(xian)(xian)師(shi),其(qi)(qi)實(shi)亦無不(bu)可(ke)。理論上專門供奉(feng)(feng)八仙(xian)(xian)或其(qi)(qi)中任何一位都可(ke)以。
2、既是仙人未必一定要酒肉供(gong)奉,素菜供(gong)奉可能更(geng)適宜(yi)。
3、供(gong)奉八仙其實是(shi)沒什么大忌諱的(de)。不過如(ru)果(guo)供(gong)奉其它菩薩(sa),譬如(ru)觀世音(yin)菩薩(sa)時,要以菩薩(sa)為主(zhu),八仙可伴著左右。
八仙(xian)之中,有(you)一位(wei)唯一的女性,就是(shi)何仙(xian)姑,相(xiang)傳于(yu)北宋(song)時(shi)期聚仙(xian)會時(shi)應(ying)鐵拐李之邀(yao)在石筍山位(wei)列(lie)八仙(xian)。
何仙姑是治世(shi)渡(du)生得(de)八仙之一,在華夏中國世(shi)界(jie)廣(guang)有信(xin)眾。西安建有八仙宮,在泰山(shan)王(wang)母池等處亦有香火。自(zi)唐宋以(yi)來,有關何仙姑與呂洞賓得(de)事跡,載世(shi)頗多。
何仙(xian)姑(gu)在“八(ba)仙(xian)”中,是(shi)富于人情得(de)女仙(xian)。因此(ci),廟會活(huo)動——"何仙(xian)姑(gu)誕(dan)",各地慶者(zhe)甚重(zhong),廣州得(de)增城慶祝誕(dan)期,是(shi)太陰歷(li):三(san)月(yue)初(chu)七,西安八(ba)仙(xian)宮得(de)慶祝誕(dan)期則以(yi)四月(yue)初(chu)九(jiu)為準——因地點不同(tong)而慶祝日期略有差異。
何(he)(he)仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)得(de)家(jia)鄉與駐世來歷,也有(you)多(duo)地之說(shuo),有(you)廣東增城說(shuo),還有(you)廣西、福建、浙(zhe)(zhe)江、安(an)徽、湖南等(deng)多(duo)種說(shuo)法(fa)。說(shuo)法(fa)不一(yi),大概是(shi)因(yin)(yin)為一(yi)直以來,各地慶祝何(he)(he)仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)誕(dan)辰者甚多(duo),人們出于敬禮之情,因(yin)(yin)此(ci)常(chang)常(chang)將何(he)(he)仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)當作本地家(jia)鄉,靈(ling)應一(yi)方得(de)長者仙(xian)(xian)師。據《古(gu)今圖書集成·神異典》引《安(an)慶府志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》《祁陽縣志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》《福建通志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》《浙(zhe)(zhe)江通志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》及《歙縣志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》等(deng)方志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)記載,在(zai)安(an)徽桐城、祁門(men),福建武平,浙(zhe)(zhe)江昌化(hua)等(deng)地,都有(you)"何(he)(he)仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)"在(zai)當地治世渡(du)生(sheng)得(de)靈(ling)跡(ji)仙(xian)(xian)蹤。
《浙江通志》與《歙縣(xian)志》中記載(zai)何仙姑,曾經于(yu)北宋(song)、哲(zhe)宗、元(yuan)佑年間(1086-1094),駐(zhu)世教(jiao)化一方。
云霞古洞
《岫(xiu)(xiu)巖縣(xian)志》記載,位(wei)于遼(liao)寧(ning)省鞍(an)山(shan)市岫(xiu)(xiu)巖縣(xian)韭菜溝千(qian)年(nian)圣地碧(bi)云(yun)山(shan)云(yun)霞古洞(dong),也是(shi)上洞(dong)八(ba)仙何(he)仙姑(gu)道(dao)場(chang)之一(yi),當(dang)年(nian)何(he)仙姑(gu)東游路過(guo),仰慕美景,并在此采藥煉丹修(xiu)行濟(ji)世渡人(ren),取名云(yun)霞洞(dong)。
云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),亦(yi)稱云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),位于遼寧千(qian)山(shan)山(shan)脈藥山(shan)風景區西南(nan)麓藥山(shan)鎮碧(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)中麓五(wu)仙(xian)臺上(shang)(shang),已有上(shang)(shang)千(qian)年人文(wen)歷史(shi),碧(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)古(gu)稱南(nan)嶺、天(tian)妃山(shan)。是(shi)藥山(shan)八(ba)(ba)景之一。碧(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)山(shan)峰疊翠重巒形似碧(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)騰空(kong),云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)縈繞之處,隱(yin)然有洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴,云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、松樹溝狐(hu)仙(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、小狐(hu)仙(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),相傳歷朝歷代為道家洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)福地(di)之一。云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分上(shang)(shang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和下洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),上(shang)(shang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為仙(xian)姑(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),下洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為魚(yu)玄洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合為云(yun)(yun)(yun)霞(xia)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),屬于二洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一體,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)寬敞,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)鐘(zhong)乳(ru)石惟(wei)妙惟(wei)肖,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)正洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)仙(xian)姑(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)供(gong)奉八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)。
其他道場
萬壽八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙(xian)(xian)宮,簡稱“八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙(xian)(xian)宮”,最(zui)早名(ming)為“八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙(xian)(xian)庵”,是(shi)(shi)西安最(zui)大、最(zui)著(zhu)名(ming)的道(dao)教(jiao)觀(guan)院(yuan),位于西安市東關長(chang)樂坊,系唐興慶宮局部故址,是(shi)(shi)道(dao)教(jiao)主流全真派十(shi)方(fang)叢(cong)林。八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙(xian)(xian)殿(dian),為萬壽八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙(xian)(xian)宮之主殿(dian),是(shi)(shi)道(dao)觀(guan)日常(chang)舉行盛大宗(zong)教(jiao)活動的場所(suo)。殿(dian)門正中(zhong)懸(xuan)掛著(zhu)“寶仙(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)”四字(zi)匾額,為清(qing)光緒(xu)皇(huang)帝(di)所(suo)書。殿(dian)內正中(zhong)奉祀(si)著(zhu)東華帝(di)君(jun)。兩側分別為漢鐘離、張(zhang)果老、韓湘子(zi)、鐵拐李、呂洞賓、曹(cao)國舅、藍采和、何仙(xian)(xian)姑的“八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙(xian)(xian)”泥塑(su)彩像。
現(xian)位于(yu)安徽潁上(shang)縣(xian)管谷(gu)村(cun),據記載共(gong)修建(jian)了三次(ci)(ci),第(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)已(yi)經無處(chu)考證,只在(zai)潁上(shang)地(di)方(fang)志中依稀記載。第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)修建(jian)于(yu)民國時期,后因(yin)百姓焚(fen)香燒(shao)裂(lie)了碑文(wen)。第(di)三次(ci)(ci)戊寅(yin)年正月十五,陳平(ping)任文(wen)潁村(cun)書記,立仙姑碑,王(wang)國杰(jie)作(zuo)跋。今立碑,由潁上(shang)縣(xian)文(wen)聯(lian)提議,荊(jing)學強(qiang)、李國勇(yong)、余(yu)相(xiang)臣(chen)、荊(jing)燦仁(ren)、馮傳禮等(deng)支(zhi)持,荊(jing)蘭保、鄒國民解囊修建(jian)。
何仙姑(gu)家廟(miao)是增城市(shi)重點文物保(bao)護(hu)單位,被評(ping)為新(xin)八景(jing)之(zhi)一,名為“小樓仙源”。家廟(miao)為祀奉何仙姑(gu)而建。廟(miao)宇始(shi)建于明代,清咸豐(feng)八年(1858 )重修(xiu)。
家廟磚石臺(tai)梁式結構,第一、三(san)進 13 架(jia)出前廊(lang)為封火山(shan)墻,第二進四柱(zhu)一間五架(jia)拜亭(ting)為硬山(shan)頂。正(zheng)堂供奉樟木雕塑的何(he)仙(xian)姑(gu)像,左邊墻壁有(you)一幅八仙(xian)浮雕,右側(ce)有(you)一口天(tian)花井,名“仙(xian)姑(gu)井”。廟正(zheng)堂右側(ce)的瓦脊上有(you)棵桃(tao)樹,人稱“仙(xian)桃(tao)”。
何仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)家廟始建于(yu)唐朝(chao),歷經滄(cang)桑(sang)戰(zhan)亂,明代作大(da)規(gui)模的修(xiu)繕(shan),清朝(chao)咸豐八(ba)年重修(xiu)。家廟門(men)額上“何仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)家廟”五個(ge)隸書(shu)(shu)大(da)字,乃咸豐戌年嘉(jia)平(ping)年黃(huang)培(pei)芳所書(shu)(shu)。門(men)口兩邊(bian)鐫刻行書(shu)(shu)楹聯(lian):“千(qian)年履舄遺丹井,百代衣冠(guan)拜古祠(ci)。”為(wei)史官王映斗所書(shu)(shu)。家廟磚石臺梁式結構,硬山頂(ding)(ding)屋脊和封(feng)火山墻(qiang),廟內外(wai)裝飾以木雕、灰雕、磚雕為(wei)主,飛檐拍板(ban)遍布花鳥、戲曲人物,工藝精湛優美。廟內有仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)殿、廟頂(ding)(ding)仙(xian)(xian)桃、仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)井、三忠、八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)堂等景(jing)點。
家(jia)(jia)廟(miao)有兩大節慶,每年三月初七仙姑(gu)誕、八月初八仙姑(gu)得道日,善信自(zi)發舉行盛大紀念活動,萬人空巷(xiang),場面蔚(yu)為(wei)壯(zhuang)觀。現應信眾要(yao)求,重修何仙姑(gu)家(jia)(jia)廟(miao),重修方案已通過專家(jia)(jia)論(lun)證。重修后的何仙姑(gu)家(jia)(jia)廟(miao)占地14000平方米(mi),增建仙源牌(pai)樓、家(jia)(jia)廟(miao)廣場、八仙會館、麻姑(gu)殿、云母溪、仙姑(gu)碑(bei)林等(deng)一系列(lie)配套景點。