一、什么是電磁閥

電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備，是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件，屬于執行器，并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可以(yi)配合不(bu)同的電路來(lai)實現預期的控(kong)制(zhi)，而控(kong)制(zhi)的精度和靈活性都能夠保證(zheng)。

二、電磁閥工作原理

電(dian)(dian)磁閥里有密閉的腔(qiang)(qiang)，在(zai)不(bu)同位置開有通(tong)(tong)孔，每個孔連接不(bu)同的油(you)(you)管，腔(qiang)(qiang)中間是活塞，兩面是兩塊電(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)，哪面的磁鐵(tie)線圈通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)閥體就(jiu)會被吸引到(dao)哪邊，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制閥體的移動來開啟或關閉不(bu)同的排(pai)油(you)(you)孔，而進(jin)油(you)(you)孔是常開的，液壓(ya)油(you)(you)就(jiu)會進(jin)入不(bu)同的排(pai)油(you)(you)管，然后通(tong)(tong)過(guo)油(you)(you)的壓(ya)力來推動油(you)(you)缸的活塞，活塞又帶動活塞桿(gan)，活塞桿(gan)帶動機械(xie)裝置。這樣通(tong)(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)的電(dian)(dian)流通(tong)(tong)斷就(jiu)控(kong)制了機械(xie)運(yun)動。

三、電磁閥有幾種類型

1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類：

（1）直動式電磁閥

原理：通電時(shi)，電磁線圈產生(sheng)電磁力(li)把關(guan)閉件從閥(fa)(fa)座上提(ti)起，閥(fa)(fa)門(men)打開；斷(duan)電時(shi)，電磁力(li)消(xiao)失(shi)，彈簧把關(guan)閉件壓在閥(fa)(fa)座上，閥(fa)(fa)門(men)關(guan)閉。

特點：在真空(kong)、負壓、零壓時能正常工作，但(dan)通徑一般不超過25mm。

（2）分步直動式電磁閥

原理(li)：它是一種直動(dong)(dong)和先導(dao)式相結合(he)的(de)原理(li)，當入口(kou)與出(chu)口(kou)沒(mei)有壓(ya)差(cha)時，通(tong)電(dian)后，電(dian)磁力(li)直接把先導(dao)小(xiao)閥(fa)和主(zhu)(zhu)閥(fa)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件依次向(xiang)上(shang)提(ti)起，閥(fa)門打開。當入口(kou)與出(chu)口(kou)達到(dao)啟動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)差(cha)時，通(tong)電(dian)后，電(dian)磁力(li)先導(dao)小(xiao)閥(fa)，主(zhu)(zhu)閥(fa)下(xia)腔壓(ya)力(li)上(shang)升，上(shang)腔壓(ya)力(li)下(xia)降，從而利用壓(ya)差(cha)把主(zhu)(zhu)閥(fa)向(xiang)上(shang)推(tui)開；斷電(dian)時，先導(dao)閥(fa)利用彈簧力(li)或介質(zhi)壓(ya)力(li)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件，向(xiang)下(xia)移動(dong)(dong)，使閥(fa)門關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)。

特點：在(zai)零壓差或真空、高(gao)壓時亦(yi)能可動作，但(dan)功率較大，要求(qiu)必(bi)須水(shui)平安裝。

（3）先導式電磁閥

原(yuan)理：通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力(li)把先導孔打開，上腔(qiang)(qiang)室(shi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)迅(xun)速(su)下降，在(zai)關(guan)(guan)(guan) 閉件周(zhou)圍(wei)形成上低(di)下高(gao)(gao)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)差，流體壓(ya)(ya)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉件向上移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)，閥門打開；斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，彈(dan)簧(huang)力(li)把先導孔關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉，入口壓(ya)(ya)力(li)通(tong)過旁通(tong)孔迅(xun)速(su)腔(qiang)(qiang)室(shi)在(zai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閥件周(zhou)圍(wei)形成下低(di)上高(gao)(gao)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)差，流體壓(ya)(ya)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉件向下移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)，關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉閥門。

特點：流(liu)體(ti)壓力范圍上(shang)限較高，可任意安(an)裝(zhuang)（需定制）但必須滿足(zu)流(liu)體(ti)壓差(cha)條件。

2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別，分為六個分支小類：直動(dong)膜(mo)(mo)片(pian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、分步直動(dong)膜(mo)(mo)片(pian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、先導(dao)膜(mo)(mo)片(pian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、直動(dong)活塞(sai)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、分步直動(dong)活塞(sai)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、先導(dao)活塞(sai)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)。

3、電磁閥按照功能分類：水用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸汽(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、制冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、常(chang)開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、油(you)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、防爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)等。

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