一、什么是電磁閥

電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備，是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件，屬于執行器，并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可以(yi)配合不同的(de)電路來實現預期的(de)控制，而控制的(de)精度和靈活性都能(neng)夠保證(zheng)。

二、電磁閥工作原理

電(dian)磁(ci)閥里有密閉(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腔，在(zai)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)位置開有通(tong)孔(kong)，每個孔(kong)連接不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)管，腔中間是(shi)活(huo)(huo)塞，兩(liang)面(mian)是(shi)兩(liang)塊電(dian)磁(ci)鐵，哪面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)鐵線(xian)圈通(tong)電(dian)閥體就會(hui)(hui)被(bei)吸引到哪邊，通(tong)過控(kong)(kong)制閥體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)移動(dong)來開啟或關閉(bi)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)(you)孔(kong)，而進(jin)油(you)(you)孔(kong)是(shi)常開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，液壓油(you)(you)就會(hui)(hui)進(jin)入(ru)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)(you)管，然后通(tong)過油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)來推動(dong)油(you)(you)缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)塞，活(huo)(huo)塞又(you)帶(dai)動(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞桿，活(huo)(huo)塞桿帶(dai)動(dong)機械裝置。這樣通(tong)過控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)磁(ci)鐵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流通(tong)斷就控(kong)(kong)制了(le)機械運動(dong)。

三、電磁閥有幾種類型

1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類：

（1）直動式電磁閥

原理：通電時(shi)(shi)，電磁線圈產生電磁力把(ba)(ba)關(guan)閉件(jian)從閥(fa)座(zuo)(zuo)上提起，閥(fa)門打開；斷電時(shi)(shi)，電磁力消失，彈(dan)簧把(ba)(ba)關(guan)閉件(jian)壓在閥(fa)座(zuo)(zuo)上，閥(fa)門關(guan)閉。

特點(dian)：在真空、負壓(ya)、零壓(ya)時能正常工作，但通徑一般不(bu)超過25mm。

（2）分步直動式電磁閥

原理(li)：它是一種直動(dong)和先(xian)導(dao)式相結合的(de)原理(li)，當入口與出口沒有壓差(cha)(cha)時(shi)，通電(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)磁力直接把先(xian)導(dao)小閥(fa)和主(zhu)閥(fa)關(guan)閉件(jian)依次向(xiang)上提起(qi)，閥(fa)門(men)打開。當入口與出口達(da)到啟動(dong)壓差(cha)(cha)時(shi)，通電(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)磁力先(xian)導(dao)小閥(fa)，主(zhu)閥(fa)下腔壓力上升(sheng)，上腔壓力下降(jiang)，從而利用(yong)壓差(cha)(cha)把主(zhu)閥(fa)向(xiang)上推開；斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，先(xian)導(dao)閥(fa)利用(yong)彈簧力或介質壓力推動(dong)關(guan)閉件(jian)，向(xiang)下移動(dong)，使閥(fa)門(men)關(guan)閉。

特點：在零壓差(cha)或真空、高壓時(shi)亦(yi)能可動作，但功率較大，要求必須水(shui)平安裝(zhuang)。

（3）先導式電磁閥

原理：通(tong)電時，電磁力(li)把(ba)先導孔(kong)打(da)開，上腔(qiang)室壓(ya)力(li)迅速下(xia)(xia)降，在(zai)關(guan) 閉件周(zhou)圍(wei)形成上低下(xia)(xia)高的壓(ya)差(cha)，流體(ti)壓(ya)力(li)推動(dong)關(guan)閉件向上移動(dong)，閥(fa)門打(da)開；斷電時，彈簧(huang)力(li)把(ba)先導孔(kong)關(guan)閉，入口壓(ya)力(li)通(tong)過旁通(tong)孔(kong)迅速腔(qiang)室在(zai)關(guan)閥(fa)件周(zhou)圍(wei)形成下(xia)(xia)低上高的壓(ya)差(cha)，流體(ti)壓(ya)力(li)推動(dong)關(guan)閉件向下(xia)(xia)移動(dong)，關(guan)閉閥(fa)門。

特點：流體壓(ya)力范圍(wei)上限較高，可任(ren)意安裝（需(xu)定制(zhi)）但必(bi)須滿(man)足流體壓(ya)差條件。

2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別，分為六個分支小類：直(zhi)動(dong)膜片結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、分步直(zhi)動(dong)膜片結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、先導膜片結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、直(zhi)動(dong)活塞結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、分步直(zhi)動(dong)活塞結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、先導活塞結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)。

3、電磁閥按照功能分類：水用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸汽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、制冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、油用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、防爆(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)等。

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