傳動軸壞了什么癥狀
1、汽車起步時(shi)(shi)或(huo)行(xing)駛中變速(su)換擋(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)傳動軸都(dou)有撞擊聲出(chu)現,尤(you)其是(shi)在高速(su)擋(dang)(dang)位上作低速(su)行(xing)駛時(shi)(shi)響(xiang)聲更加明顯。
2、汽車起步時傳(chuan)(chuan)動軸無異響,而汽車行(xing)駛(shi)時傳(chuan)(chuan)動軸有撞擊聲響。
3、汽車起步(bu)時傳動軸無異響(xiang),而汽(qi)車滑行時傳動軸有異響(xiang)。
4、汽車在(zai)整個行駛過程中聲(sheng)響不斷。
5、除(chu)了會有異常響(xiang)聲的(de)問(wen)題,汽車也(ye)會伴(ban)隨(sui)有抖動的(de)情況。
傳動軸壞了的原因
傳動軸(zhou)異響(xiang)的可能原因是傳動軸(zhou)總(zong)成不平衡,萬向(xiang)節損(sun)壞(huai),傳動軸(zhou)和滑叉損(sun)壞(huai)。
1、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)裝(zhuang)配誤差(cha)超限、零(ling)件尺寸不(bu)準確、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中磨(mo)損變(bian)形等(deng)。會(hui)使(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)的質量沿長度方向分布不(bu)均(jun)勻,造成傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)不(bu)平衡(heng)。不(bu)平衡(heng)的傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)在動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)態(tai)旋轉時會(hui)產(chan)生額(e)外(wai)的彎(wan)矩(ju)。額(e)外(wai)的彎(wan)矩(ju)不(bu)僅會(hui)使(shi)(shi)匹配的撞擊聲(sheng),還會(hui)增(zeng)強傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)的彎(wan)曲振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),使(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)的振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和異(yi)響更加明顯。
2、萬(wan)向節在使用中(zhong)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)損(sun)壞有(you)十字軸、軸頸和(he)端(duan)面磨(mo)損(sun)、滾針(zhen)和(he)軸承(cheng)座孔磨(mo)損(sun)等。萬(wan)向節零(ling)件的(de)損(sun)壞使十字軸松動(dong)(dong)、松動(dong)(dong),產(chan)生(sheng)擺動(dong)(dong)和(he)軸向運動(dong)(dong),不僅使工作時產(chan)生(sheng)沖擊(ji)聲,還削弱了傳動(dong)(dong)軸的(de)彎曲剛(gang)度,使傳動(dong)(dong)軸的(de)質心更加偏(pian)離旋轉軸,從而增強了抖振和(he)異響。
3、傳動(dong)軸(zhou)的軸(zhou)管彎曲(qu)(qu),即增(zeng)大傳動(dong)軸(zhou)彎曲(qu)(qu)振動(dong)的幅度,會(hui)(hui)增(zeng)加離心(xin)力,導致(zhi)強烈(lie)的抖(dou)振和(he)異(yi)常噪音。傳動(dong)軸(zhou)的鍵齒和(he)滑叉的鍵槽磨損。由(you)于(yu)配合(he)松動(dong),工作時(shi)會(hui)(hui)發出撞擊聲(sheng),還會(hui)(hui)削弱傳動(dong)軸(zhou)的彎曲(qu)(qu)剛(gang)度,增(zeng)強抖(dou)振和(he)異(yi)響。
傳動軸故障怎么解決
1、傳動軸磨損
當汽車在行駛過程中振動或發出異響或急加速時突然發出異響,就要考慮配合面的松動是否是傳動軸長期磨損造成的。同時要分析松動是來自傳動齒輪還是傳動軸。傳動軸磨損時,磨損部位一般出現在萬向節的十字軸或鋼碗、法蘭叉,或伸縮套的花鍵套與花鍵軸的配合面出現。對于傳動軸的(de)磨損,通(tong)常的(de)處理方法是車削后(hou)嵌(qian)入(ru)外(wai)套,補焊后(hou)返(fan)工,或(huo)對磨損面進行(xing)點蝕等,磨損嚴重的(de)應(ying)更換零件。
2、傳動軸不平衡
如(ru)果傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)不平衡,應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)處(chu)理,否則可能(neng)危及(ji)行(xing)車(che)安全。當車(che)輛(liang)(liang)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)平衡差時(shi),應(ying)將整(zheng)車(che)叉開或抬高(gao)(gao),使動(dong)(dong)力輪轉(zhuan)向(xiang)空,車(che)輛(liang)(liang)底盤處(chu)于便(bian)于觀(guan)(guan)察的(de)位置。此時(shi)應(ying)點燃車(che)輛(liang)(liang),逐漸提高(gao)(gao)車(che)速,觀(guan)(guan)察傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)的(de)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)情(qing)況(kuang)。如(ru)果車(che)速下降較快,傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)擺動(dong)(dong)明顯,可能(neng)是傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)彎曲或法蘭歪斜,這種情(qing)況(kuang)多發生在貨(huo)車(che)或長期(qi)超載(zai)的(de)家用車(che)上。在這種情(qing)況(kuang)下,應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)對傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)進行(xing)校(xiao)直,校(xiao)直后(hou)應(ying)完成反向(xiang)動(dong)(dong)作平衡試驗和調整(zheng),以(yi)保證修(xiu)復后(hou)的(de)零件滿足動(dong)(dong)平衡要求。另外(wai),檢查萬向(xiang)節十字軸(zhou)和滾子,發現問題及(ji)時(shi)更換(huan)零件。
3、傳(chuan)動軸的關鍵連(lian)接部件松動
當(dang)萬向(xiang)(xiang)節(jie)軸(zhou)(zhou)或法蘭松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi),手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)測試傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)否上(shang)下和周向(xiang)(xiang)松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。如果發現(xian)問題,及(ji)(ji)時(shi)擰(ning)緊(jin)松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分或更換磨損部(bu)(bu)(bu)分。如果行駛過程中噪音(yin)明顯,應考慮萬向(xiang)(xiang)節(jie)軸(zhou)(zhou)的支(zhi)撐或固定螺栓(shuan)是(shi)否松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),如果松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),應及(ji)(ji)時(shi)擰(ning)緊(jin)。同時(shi),在保養時(shi),傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)需要(yao)潤(run)滑的部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)要(yao)經常潤(run)滑,以延長傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)的使用壽命。