一、電動貨車和燃油貨車的區別在哪里

貨車按照能源類型不同，可分為電動貨車和燃油貨車，電動貨車和燃(ran)油貨(huo)車(che)的(de)區別主要有：

1、適合應用場景不同

純電(dian)動貨車(che)主要(yao)應用(yong)于城配短途運輸，應用(yong)場景(jing)受限主要(yao)是受制于目前純電(dian)動貨車(che)蓄電(dian)池技術(shu)，在考慮(lv)核(he)載和自重情況下，能夠提供的續航里程約二三百公(gong)里，還有就是充電(dian)時(shi)間，快充也需(xu)要(yao)1.5小(xiao)時(shi)左右。長途運輸的話，主要(yao)還是燃油貨車(che)。

2、內部配置不同

對于(yu)傳統燃(ran)(ran)油貨車(che)來說，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)是(shi)核心，是(shi)貨車(che)的(de)心臟，而(er)純電動(dong)(dong)貨車(che)是(shi)由電而(er)不是(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)，因此幾乎與發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)相(xiang)關的(de)零部件(jian)都沒有，如(ru)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)、離合器(qi)(qi)、油箱、燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)管道、燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)泵、燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)噴(pen)射裝置、進(jin)排氣(qi)管、中冷器(qi)(qi)、尾氣(qi)凈化(hua)器(qi)(qi)、消音器(qi)(qi)等。純電動(dong)(dong)貨車(che)的(de)零件(jian)大大減少，代替的(de)是(shi)一(yi)些電氣(qi)元件(jian)，如(ru)用電產生旋轉力的(de)電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)、儲(chu)存電的(de)蓄電池、調節電輸(shu)入輸(shu)出的(de)控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)及(ji)充電器(qi)(qi)等。

3、噪音大小不同

燃(ran)油貨車(che)的(de)(de)(de)發動機是(shi)靠燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)燃(ran)料工作的(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)將(jiang)汽油或柴(chai)油和空氣的(de)(de)(de)混合氣體壓縮后，像爆炸一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)(yang)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)的(de)(de)(de)，會產生(sheng)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)力(li)，聲音也會很(hen)大，還會產生(sheng)振動。而純(chun)電動貨車(che)的(de)(de)(de)電動機是(shi)利(li)用電產生(sheng)磁(ci)場的(de)(de)(de)原理(li)轉動的(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)就能很(hen)安靜地產生(sheng)旋轉力(li)，像高級(ji)轎車(che)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)(yang)，擁有安靜和振動少的(de)(de)(de)優點。

實際(ji)行駛中(zhong)電動(dong)貨車還是會有咔咔的(de)金屬聲，是控制器調節電動(dong)機(ji)的(de)電量時發出的(de)聲音，但相比發動(dong)機(ji)的(de)噪聲，要小多了(le)。

4、蓄電池作用不同

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)貨(huo)(huo)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)和燃油貨(huo)(huo)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)都搭載有蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，但蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)作用(yong)不同：燃油貨(huo)(huo)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)一般(ban)搭載的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)12伏或者24伏鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，需(xu)要用(yong)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，而使起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。此外，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)還用(yong)于(yu)(yu)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)前(qian)燈、雨刮、空調、音響和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)窗等各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量也僅夠啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)無法(fa)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)整(zheng)個汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)。決定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)貨(huo)(huo)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)能(neng)夠連(lian)續行駛最長距(ju)離的(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容(rong)量，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)貨(huo)(huo)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)利(li)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，借助其旋轉(zhuan)力驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)調節從蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)流入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，能(neng)夠加減汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)速度。

5、扭矩輸出方式不同

燃(ran)油貨車在發動(dong)機(ji)啟動(dong)后會處于怠速(su)狀態(tai)，轉速(su)很低，扭矩(ju)(ju)很小，踩下加(jia)速(su)踏板(ban)轉速(su)逐漸(jian)加(jia)快(kuai)時，扭矩(ju)(ju)也(ye)會慢(man)慢(man)變大，當轉速(su)達到(dao)某一數值時扭矩(ju)(ju)會增加(jia)到(dao)最大值，此后即使轉速(su)加(jia)快(kuai)扭矩(ju)(ju)也(ye)會逐漸(jian)減小。

而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)沒(mei)有怠速(su)(su)狀態(tai)，在(zai)(zai)踩下(xia)加(jia)速(su)(su)踏板(ban)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)開始(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，就(jiu)能產(chan)生很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)扭矩(ju)，即(ji)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)力(li)就(jiu)是最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)。正因為(wei)如此，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)以不(bu)需(xu)要依靠大(da)小齒輪組合增加(jia)旋轉(zhuan)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)速(su)(su)器(qi)。可(ke)(ke)以說(shuo)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)貨(huo)車沒(mei)有變(bian)(bian)速(su)(su)器(qi)也(ye)是可(ke)(ke)以的(de)(de)(de)，但對于(yu)常規電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，在(zai)(zai)中低速(su)(su)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)扭矩(ju)非常充足，但在(zai)(zai)高轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)扭矩(ju)會下(xia)降不(bu)少，在(zai)(zai)兼顧整車的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)性(xing)和經濟(ji)性(xing)情況下(xia)，現在(zai)(zai)市場上(shang)對于(yu)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輕(qing)卡多傾向于(yu)使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)加(jia)上(shang)兩擋變(bian)(bian)速(su)(su)器(qi)。純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)貨(huo)車對于(yu)變(bian)(bian)速(su)(su)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)擋位要求很低。

二、電動貨車和燃油貨車哪個好

電動(dong)貨(huo)車和燃(ran)油貨(huo)車是(shi)存(cun)在一定區別的，那么電動(dong)貨(huo)車好還是(shi)燃(ran)油貨(huo)車好呢？

1、從政策上來分析

燃油車在政策方面，現在是處于四面楚歌的(de)境況的(de)，一方面史稱“最嚴”的(de)國六已經(jing)多地實施(shi)，國三及其以下的(de)貨車，面臨的(de)只有被淘汰(tai)的(de)情況，而且這次(ci)國六的(de)下發速度(du)(du)幾(ji)(ji)乎(hu)(hu)算是超乎(hu)(hu)了(le)所有人(ren)的(de)預(yu)期(qi)，因為(wei)國五下發才(cai)沒幾(ji)(ji)年，國六就(jiu)已經(jing)來了(le)，這樣的(de)更(geng)新速度(du)(du)可以說是創歷史新高了(le)。

另一(yi)方面，在路權政策上(shang)，很多重點城市(shi)也已經開始(shi)限(xian)制燃油車進市(shi)區(qu)，而(er)相比之(zhi)下，電動貨車卻一(yi)路綠(lv)燈，上(shang)綠(lv)牌、路權大(da)、市(shi)區(qu)不(bu)限(xian)行，在城市(shi)可(ke)以來去自(zi)如。

反觀電動貨(huo)車，卻成為一個(ge)大(da)商機，只因國家的(de)(de)大(da)力提倡，國家為了促進電動車輛迅速(su)占(zhan)領市場，甚至給予了高(gao)額補(bu)貼，在這方面電動貨(huo)車是占(zhan)著自己(ji)專屬的(de)(de)優(you)勢的(de)(de)。

2、從市場上來看

相比于(yu)燃油貨(huo)車(che)(che)來說，電動(dong)貨(huo)車(che)(che)現在的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)并(bing)不成熟(shu)，一方面充電技(ji)術(shu)(shu)還并(bing)不完善(shan)，另一方面電動(dong)貨(huo)車(che)(che)自身的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)并(bing)不算成熟(shu)，電動(dong)貨(huo)車(che)(che)也(ye)因為(wei)剛剛出(chu)現，安全問題都(dou)會成為(wei)人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)關(guan)注的(de)(de)重點。

所以現(xian)在市場(chang)上的(de)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)貨車并不(bu)普(pu)及，只(zhi)因技術(shu)還(huan)(huan)并不(bu)成熟，很多后續問(wen)題其實(shi)都(dou)需(xu)(xu)要有(you)一個完美(mei)的(de)解(jie)決方(fang)案。因此，電動市場(chang)看似(si)很大的(de)市場(chang)，但(dan)是并沒有(you)哪個企(qi)業能(neng)夠真(zhen)正的(de)在這(zhe)個市場(chang)上獨占優(you)勢，真(zhen)正的(de)打消(xiao)所有(you)消(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)疑慮，畢竟消(xiao)費者(zhe)們接受新(xin)鮮事物還(huan)(huan)是需(xu)(xu)要一定的(de)時間的(de)。

3、從性能上來對比

在使(shi)用的(de)方便(bian)性上(shang)來說(shuo)，燃油(you)貨車只(zhi)需要一(yi)(yi)(yi)分鐘加上(shang)油(you)就(jiu)能跑，續航里程完勝電(dian)(dian)動貨車。但這只(zhi)是相對(dui)于(yu)跑長途的(de)人們(men)來說(shuo)不那么方便(bian)，如果是對(dui)于(yu)當天只(zhi)需跑一(yi)(yi)(yi)趟(tang)，或者只(zhi)需要跑上(shang)下(xia)午，晚上(shang)休息的(de)司機(ji)來說(shuo)，電(dian)(dian)動貨車其實也有自己(ji)的(de)優勢，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面它(ta)起步(bu)快，起步(bu)速度(du)高；另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面，它(ta)充電(dian)(dian)成本(ben)低，比起上(shang)漲(zhang)永遠(yuan)下(xia)跌(die)越來越加不起的(de)油(you)價，用電(dian)(dian)簡直太省(sheng)錢了。

總的來說，無論是電動貨車或(huo)者(zhe)是(shi)燃(ran)油(you)貨車(che)想要(yao)獨(du)占市(shi)場都言之過早，現(xian)在(zai)正屬于一個過渡期，雙方現(xian)在(zai)處于持久戰的(de)(de)階段，即(ji)使(shi)燃(ran)油(you)貨車(che)想要(yao)繼續獨(du)占市(shi)場，它也要(yao)根據政策進行(xing)一定(ding)的(de)(de)調整，降低排放和(he)污染；而電動(dong)貨車(che)想要(yao)獨(du)占市(shi)場，也要(yao)繼續克服自身的(de)(de)種(zhong)種(zhong)局限(xian)性，增(zeng)加(jia)技術創新性，突破現(xian)在(zai)市(shi)場上存在(zai)的(de)(de)難題。