一、儲能變流器的工作原理
儲能變流器的(de)(de)工作原理(li)是(shi)(shi)交、直流(liu)側(ce)可控(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)四象限運行(xing)的(de)(de)變流(liu)裝置,實(shi)現對電(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)交直流(liu)雙向轉換。該(gai)原理(li)就是(shi)(shi)通過微網監控(kong)(kong)指令進(jin)行(xing)恒功(gong)率或(huo)(huo)恒流(liu)控(kong)(kong)制,給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)或(huo)(huo)放電(dian)(dian),同(tong)時平滑風電(dian)(dian)、太陽能等波動性電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)輸出。PCS采用雙閉環(huan)控(kong)(kong)制和(he)(he)SPWM脈沖(chong)調(diao)制方法,能夠精(jing)確快速地調(diao)節輸出電(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率、有功(gong)和(he)(he)無功(gong)功(gong)率。
PCS儲能(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)可(ke)以通過(guo)快速(su)的(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)存儲來響應負荷的(de)(de)波動(dong)(dong),吸收多余的(de)(de)能(neng)量或補充缺額的(de)(de)能(neng)量,實現大(da)功(gong)率(lv)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)態調節(jie),很好地適應頻率(lv)調節(jie)和電(dian)壓(ya)功(gong)率(lv)因數的(de)(de)校正,從(cong)而(er)提高系統運行的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性。廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)力系統、軌道交通、軍工(gong)、石油(you)機械、新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車、風力發電(dian)、太陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)等(deng)領域,在(zai)電(dian)網(wang)削峰填谷、平(ping)滑新能(neng)源(yuan)波動(dong)(dong),能(neng)量回收利用(yong)(yong)等(deng)場(chang)合實現能(neng)量雙向流(liu)動(dong)(dong),對(dui)電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)頻率(lv)主動(dong)(dong)支(zhi)撐,提高供電(dian)電(dian)能(neng)質量。
與常規(gui)電(dian)源(yuan)相(xiang)比(bi),大(da)規(gui)模(mo)儲能(neng)(neng)電(dian)站能(neng)(neng)夠適應(ying)負荷的快(kuai)速變化(hua),對提(ti)高電(dian)力系(xi)統安全穩定(ding)運(yun)行水平、電(dian)網(wang)供電(dian)質量和可(ke)靠性起到(dao)了重要作用,同時還(huan)可(ke)以優化(hua)電(dian)源(yuan)結構,實現綠色(se)環保,達到(dao)電(dian)力系(xi)統的總(zong)(zong)體(ti)節能(neng)(neng)降耗(hao),提(ti)高總(zong)(zong)體(ti)的經濟效益。
二、儲能變流器的作用和優勢
1、突破天氣變化的局限性
由于(yu)儲能變流(liu)器能夠將交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)儲存在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內,并在(zai)(zai)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后將蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供用戶使(shi)用,這就在(zai)(zai)很大程度上降低了天氣狀況(kuang)對發電(dian)(dian)(dian)穩(wen)定性的(de)影(ying)響,能夠大大提升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)穩(wen)定性和品質。
2、擁有更高的用電效率
與并網光(guang)伏逆變(bian)器(qi)相比,儲能變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)效(xiao)率更高,不僅能夠突(tu)破天氣狀況、時(shi)間(jian)等(deng)局限性,解(jie)決并網光(guang)伏逆變(bian)器(qi)存在的問題,還能為用(yong)(yong)戶提供更加穩定(ding)、持久的電(dian)能,避免用(yong)(yong)電(dian)系統故(gu)障帶來的不便和麻(ma)煩(fan),這也是更多用(yong)(yong)戶選(xuan)擇(ze)這種逆變(bian)器(qi)的重要原(yuan)因所(suo)在。
3、擁有較高的穩定性
在電(dian)(dian)網(wang)系(xi)統故(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)情況下,儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠將(jiang)儲存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)直接(jie)轉換為(wei)(wei)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)網(wang)系(xi)統使用(yong),受外界因素的(de)(de)(de)影響較小,能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本,具有較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性。當處于用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰期時(shi),儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)會(hui)將(jiang)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)(wei)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)并入電(dian)(dian)網(wang)供廣大(da)用(yong)戶使用(yong),而處于用(yong)電(dian)(dian)低(di)谷期時(shi),儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)又會(hui)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)中的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)(wei)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)儲存(cun)起來,能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠實(shi)現直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)和(he)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)向轉換,而且能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠為(wei)(wei)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)提供強有力的(de)(de)(de)保障。
除了以上作用外,儲能變流器還具有能夠為電網提供更加穩定、諧波含量較少的純凈電流,這不僅符合當今社會節能減排的趨勢和要求,更加提升了電網的穩定性和品質。總而言之,儲能變流器能夠突破傳統光伏逆變器的局限性,為電網系統提供高品質的電能的同時,還能降低用電成本,提高用電效率,這些優勢和作用也是儲能變流器能夠在市(shi)場上占據(ju)一定優勢的前提(ti)和(he)保(bao)障。