一、儲能變流器是雙向還是單向

儲能變流器（PCS）又稱儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)逆變器，是連接儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)(xi)統和(he)電(dian)(dian)網的雙向電(dian)(dian)流可控轉換(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠在電(dian)(dian)網和(he)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統間精確快(kuai)速地調節電(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率、功率，實現恒功率恒流充放電(dian)(dian)以及平滑波動性電(dian)(dian)源輸出。

儲能(neng)變流(liu)(liu)器不(bu)僅能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)傳統并網變流(liu)(liu)器對直流(liu)(liu)電轉(zhuan)換為交流(liu)(liu)電的逆變要求(qiu)，還可滿(man)足(zu)儲能(neng)系統“充電+放電”帶(dai)來的雙向變流(liu)(liu)需求(qiu)，具有對電池(chi)充電和放電功能(neng)，可用于光(guang)伏(fu)、風力發(fa)電功率(lv)平滑、削峰(feng)填谷(gu)、微型電網等多(duo)種(zhong)場合。

并網模式下，在負荷(he)低谷(gu)期，儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)流器(qi)把電(dian)(dian)網的(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)整(zheng)流成(cheng)直流電(dian)(dian)給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)，在負荷(he)高峰期，儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)流器(qi)把電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組中的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)逆變(bian)成(cheng)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)反送到(dao)電(dian)(dian)網中。

離(li)網模式下，儲能(neng)變流器與主電(dian)網脫(tuo)開，給本地的(de)部分負(fu)荷提(ti)供滿足電(dian)網電(dian)能(neng)質量要求的(de)電(dian)能(neng)。

二、雙向儲能變流器的工作模式有哪些

雙向儲(chu)能(neng)變流器pcs的(de)工(gong)作模(mo)(mo)式(shi)分為并網模(mo)(mo)式(shi)、離網模(mo)(mo)式(shi)和混合模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。

1、并網模式

并網模(mo)式(shi)(shi)下(xia)包括充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能，此時用(yong)戶(hu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)和手(shou)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。在(zai)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)下(xia)，如果用(yong)戶(hu)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)并網充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，儲能逆(ni)變器將(jiang)以(yi)之(zhi)前設定好(hao)的值(zhi)(zhi)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)下(xia)，用(yong)戶(hu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過手(shou)動(dong)(dong)修改充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和時間(jian)值(zhi)(zhi)，使儲能逆(ni)變器工作在(zai)設定的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態。

并網模式中，儲能逆變器連接在一個大容量公用電網中，大容量是指該電網的總容量至少比儲能逆變器容量大10倍以上。并網模式的主要特征是儲能逆變器必須與存在的電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)頻率同步。要做到(dao)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)同步，儲能逆(ni)變器相對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)來說(shuo)作為一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流源。有些情況下，儲能逆(ni)變器必須能通過無功控制為電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓支持。該模式常用于(yu)削(xue)峰填谷、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力負(fu)載(zai)平衡(heng)和調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量。

2、離網模式

孤島系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個或(huo)多(duo)個發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)并聯形(xing)成一(yi)(yi)個局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)的(de)“微網”。孤島系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)主(zhu)要特征是(shi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網與所有的(de)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)網脫離，儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)額定功率與局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網產生(sheng)的(de)總功率大致相等。在這個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)必須可以充當網路電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，給局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和頻率控(kong)制。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方面，如(ru)果一(yi)(yi)個發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)不能(neng)與其他發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)同步，比如(ru)一(yi)(yi)個柴油發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)連接在局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網上(shang)，那么儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)必須作(zuo)為一(yi)(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)之同步。有些情(qing)況下(xia)，儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)還要在作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和與發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)同步之間(jian)轉換。

孤島系(xi)統的特征是儲能系(xi)統與局部電網(wang)相連，這些情形可(ke)能存在于偏(pian)遠山區(qu)或小島嶼。常見應用包括(kuo)平滑由可(ke)變(bian)電源可(ke)變(bian)負載引(yin)起的功率(lv)波動，穩定電網(wang)，優(you)化燃料的使用和調節(jie)電能質量(liang)。

3、混合模式

儲能(neng)(neng)系(xi)統能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)模(mo)式(shi)和(he)離(li)(li)網(wang)(wang)(wang)模(mo)式(shi)之間進行切換。儲能(neng)(neng)系(xi)統處于微(wei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)中，微(wei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)與(yu)(yu)公(gong)共電網(wang)(wang)(wang)接，正(zheng)常工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態下作(zuo)為(wei)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)系(xi)統運行如果微(wei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)與(yu)(yu)公(gong)共電網(wang)(wang)(wang)脫離(li)(li)，儲能(neng)(neng)系(xi)統將工作(zuo)在(zai)離(li)(li)網(wang)(wang)(wang)模(mo)式(shi)為(wei)微(wei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)提供主電源(yuan)。常見應用包括濾波，穩定電網(wang)(wang)(wang)，調(diao)節(jie)電能(neng)(neng)質量和(he)創造(zao)自愈網(wang)(wang)(wang)。