一、儲能變流器是雙向還是單向

儲能變流器（PCS）又稱儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)逆變器(qi)，是(shi)連(lian)接儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池系統(tong)和(he)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的雙向電(dian)(dian)流可控轉換裝置，能(neng)(neng)夠在電(dian)(dian)網(wang)和(he)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)間精確快速地調節電(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率、功率，實現恒功率恒流充放電(dian)(dian)以(yi)及平滑波動(dong)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)源輸出。

儲能變(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)不僅能滿足傳(chuan)統并網變(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)對直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換為交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)的逆(ni)變(bian)要(yao)求，還可(ke)滿足儲能系統“充(chong)電(dian)(dian)+放(fang)電(dian)(dian)”帶(dai)來的雙(shuang)向變(bian)流(liu)(liu)需求，具有對電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)功能，可(ke)用于光伏、風力(li)發電(dian)(dian)功率平滑、削峰填谷、微型(xing)電(dian)(dian)網等多種場合(he)。

并網(wang)模式下(xia)，在(zai)負(fu)荷低(di)谷期，儲能變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)整流(liu)(liu)成直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)負(fu)荷高峰期，儲能變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組中的直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)逆變成交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反送到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中。

離網(wang)模式下，儲能變流器與(yu)主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)脫開，給本地的部分負(fu)荷提供滿足(zu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)能質量要求的電(dian)(dian)能。

二、雙向儲能變流器的工作模式有哪些

雙向儲能變流器pcs的(de)工作模(mo)式(shi)(shi)分為并網模(mo)式(shi)(shi)、離網模(mo)式(shi)(shi)和混合模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。

1、并網模式

并網模式(shi)下(xia)包括(kuo)充(chong)(chong)電功能和放(fang)(fang)(fang)電功能，此時(shi)用(yong)戶可(ke)(ke)以選擇(ze)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)模式(shi)和手(shou)動(dong)模式(shi)。在自(zi)(zi)動(dong)模式(shi)下(xia)，如果(guo)用(yong)戶選擇(ze)并網充(chong)(chong)電或放(fang)(fang)(fang)電狀態(tai)，儲能逆變(bian)器(qi)將以之前設定好的值對蓄電池進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電或放(fang)(fang)(fang)電。在手(shou)動(dong)模式(shi)下(xia)，用(yong)戶可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過手(shou)動(dong)修(xiu)改充(chong)(chong)電或放(fang)(fang)(fang)電電流(liu)、電壓(ya)和時(shi)間(jian)值，使儲能逆變(bian)器(qi)工(gong)作在設定的充(chong)(chong)電或放(fang)(fang)(fang)電狀態(tai)。

并網模式中，儲能逆變器連接在一個大容量公用電網中，大容量是指該電網的總容量至少比儲能逆變器容量大10倍以上。并網模式的主要特征是儲能逆變器必須(xu)(xu)與存在的電(dian)網(wang)頻率同步(bu)。要做到與電(dian)網(wang)同步(bu)，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)相對于電(dian)網(wang)來(lai)說作為一個電(dian)流(liu)源。有些情況下，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)必須(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)通過(guo)無功控制(zhi)為電(dian)網(wang)提供電(dian)壓支持。該模式常用于削峰填(tian)谷、電(dian)力(li)負載平(ping)衡和(he)調節電(dian)能(neng)(neng)質量。

2、離網模式

孤島系(xi)統是一(yi)個(ge)或多個(ge)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統并聯形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)的(de)“微網”。孤島系(xi)統的(de)主要特(te)征(zheng)是局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網與所(suo)有的(de)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網脫離，儲能系(xi)統的(de)額定功(gong)率(lv)與局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網產生的(de)總(zong)功(gong)率(lv)大致相(xiang)等(deng)。在這個(ge)系(xi)統中，儲能系(xi)統必須(xu)可以(yi)充當網路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，給(gei)局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和頻率(lv)控制(zhi)。另(ling)一(yi)方面，如果一(yi)個(ge)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置不(bu)能與其他發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置同(tong)步，比(bi)如一(yi)個(ge)柴油發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機連接在局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網上，那(nei)么儲能系(xi)統必須(xu)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)之(zhi)同(tong)步。有些情況下，儲能系(xi)統還要在作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和與發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置同(tong)步之(zhi)間轉換(huan)。

孤島(dao)系統的特(te)征是儲能(neng)系統與局部電(dian)(dian)(dian)網相連，這些(xie)情形可能(neng)存在于(yu)偏遠山(shan)區或(huo)小島(dao)嶼。常見應用(yong)(yong)包括平滑由(you)可變電(dian)(dian)(dian)源可變負載引起(qi)的功率波(bo)動，穩定電(dian)(dian)(dian)網，優化燃(ran)料的使用(yong)(yong)和調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量。

3、混合模式

儲(chu)能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)能夠在(zai)(zai)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)模式和離(li)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)模式之間進行(xing)切換。儲(chu)能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)處于微(wei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)中，微(wei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)與公共電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)接，正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)工(gong)作狀態下作為(wei)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運行(xing)如果微(wei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)與公共電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)脫離(li)，儲(chu)能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)將工(gong)作在(zai)(zai)離(li)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)模式為(wei)微(wei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)提供主電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。常(chang)(chang)見應用包括濾波，穩(wen)定電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，調節電(dian)(dian)能質量和創造自愈(yu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。