一、儲能變流器是什么

儲(chu)能變(bian)流(liu)(liu)器（Power Conversion System）英文簡稱PCS，又稱儲(chu)能逆變(bian)器，可(ke)控制(zhi)蓄電(dian)池的充電(dian)和放電(dian)過程，進行交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)的變(bian)換，在無電(dian)網(wang)情況下可(ke)以(yi)直(zhi)接為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)負荷供電(dian)。

儲能變流器(qi)PCS由DC/AC雙向變流器(qi)、控(kong)制(zhi)單元等(deng)構成。PCS控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)通(tong)過通(tong)訊接(jie)(jie)收后臺(tai)控(kong)制(zhi)指令(ling)(ling)，根據功(gong)率(lv)指令(ling)(ling)的(de)符號及大(da)小控(kong)制(zhi)變流器(qi)對電池進行(xing)充(chong)電或(huo)放(fang)電，實(shi)現對電網有功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)及無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)的(de)調節。PCS控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)通(tong)過CAN接(jie)(jie)口(kou)與BMS通(tong)訊，獲取電池組狀(zhuang)態信息，可實(shi)現對電池的(de)保護性充(chong)放(fang)電，確保電池運行(xing)安(an)全。

二、光伏逆變器是什么

光伏(fu)逆(ni)變器英文名(ming)為(wei)PV inverter，是指可將光伏(fu)太陽能板產生(sheng)的可變直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓轉(zhuan)換為(wei)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率(lv)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)的逆(ni)變器，通常被輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網、電(dian)(dian)(dian)站應用，是光伏(fu)陣列系(xi)統中(zhong)重(zhong)要的系(xi)統平衡（BOS）之(zhi)一。

光伏逆變(bian)器的缺點是只能在(zai)白天發電(dian)(dian)，發電(dian)(dian)功率易受(shou)到天氣影響等(deng)，針對這(zhe)些問(wen)題，儲能逆變(bian)器成(cheng)功問(wen)世。當(dang)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)低谷時，儲能逆變(bian)器將(jiang)輸出電(dian)(dian)能用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池存儲。當(dang)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)高(gao)峰(feng)時，儲能逆變(bian)器將(jiang)釋放存儲的電(dian)(dian)能，以減少對電(dian)(dian)網的壓力。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)網陷入故障時，儲能逆變(bian)器可切(qie)換(huan)成(cheng)離網模(mo)式(shi)繼續供電(dian)(dian)。

三、儲能變流器和光伏逆變器的區別

1、自用率

儲能逆變器(qi)的自用率最(zui)高可(ke)到80%。光伏(fu)逆變器(qi)的自用率通(tong)常在20%左右。

2、市電故障

當市電故障時，光(guang)伏逆變器將(jiang)陷入癱瘓(huan)狀態(tai)，儲(chu)能逆變器可轉換(huan)離(li)網模(mo)式高效供電。

3、收益

在(zai)并網發電補貼下調的背(bei)景下，儲能(neng)逆變器(qi)收益將比(bi)光伏(fu)逆變器(qi)更高。

4、天氣因素

光伏逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器有(you)多(duo)種限制，如只能(neng)(neng)白天發電、發電功率受天氣(qi)影響(xiang)、具有(you)不可預見性等。儲能(neng)(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器沒有(you)以上問題。

四、儲能變流器的作用和優勢

1、突破天氣變化的局限性

由于儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流(liu)器能(neng)(neng)夠將交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)為直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)儲(chu)存在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)池內，并在(zai)斷電(dian)(dian)后將蓄電(dian)(dian)池內的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)為交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)供(gong)用戶使用，這就在(zai)很大(da)程度上降低了天氣(qi)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)對(dui)發電(dian)(dian)穩定性(xing)的(de)(de)影響，能(neng)(neng)夠大(da)大(da)提升電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)穩定性(xing)和品(pin)質。

2、擁有更高的用電效率

與并網(wang)光伏(fu)逆變器(qi)相比(bi)，儲能(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)用(yong)電效(xiao)率(lv)更高，不(bu)(bu)僅能(neng)夠突(tu)破天氣狀況、時間等局限(xian)性(xing)，解決并網(wang)光伏(fu)逆變器(qi)存在(zai)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)，還能(neng)為用(yong)戶提供更加穩定、持久的(de)電能(neng)，避免用(yong)電系統故障帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)不(bu)(bu)便和麻煩(fan)，這也是更多用(yong)戶選擇這種逆變器(qi)的(de)重(zhong)要原因所在(zai)。

3、擁有較高的穩定性

在電網系統故障的情況下，儲能變流器能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)將儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)直接轉換為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)網系(xi)統(tong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，受(shou)外界因素(su)的(de)影(ying)響較(jiao)小，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降低用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，具(ju)有較(jiao)高的(de)穩定性。當(dang)處(chu)于用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰(feng)期(qi)時，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)會將太陽能(neng)(neng)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)并入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網供廣大(da)(da)用(yong)(yong)戶使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，而(er)處(chu)于用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)低谷期(qi)時，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)又會將電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)(wei)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)儲(chu)存(cun)起來，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)實現直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)雙向轉換，而(er)且能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)為(wei)(wei)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)提(ti)供強有力的(de)保障。

除了以上作用(yong)(yong)外(wai)，儲能(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)還(huan)具有能(neng)夠為電(dian)網提供更(geng)加穩定(ding)、諧波含量較少的純凈電(dian)流(liu)，這不僅(jin)符(fu)合當今社會節能(neng)減排的趨勢和(he)(he)要求，更(geng)加提升(sheng)了電(dian)網的穩定(ding)性和(he)(he)品(pin)(pin)質。總(zong)而言之，儲能(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)能(neng)夠突(tu)破傳統光伏逆變器(qi)的局限性，為電(dian)網系(xi)統提供高品(pin)(pin)質的電(dian)能(neng)的同時(shi)，還(huan)能(neng)降(jiang)低用(yong)(yong)電(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)，提高用(yong)(yong)電(dian)效率，這些優勢和(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong)也是儲能(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)能(neng)夠在市場上占(zhan)據一定(ding)優勢的前提和(he)(he)保障。