一、儲能變流器是什么

儲能(neng)變流器（Power Conversion System）英文簡稱PCS，又稱儲能(neng)逆變器，可控制蓄電(dian)(dian)池的充電(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過程，進行交(jiao)(jiao)直流的變換，在無(wu)電(dian)(dian)網情況下可以直接(jie)為(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)流負荷供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。

儲能變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)PCS由(you)DC/AC雙(shuang)向變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)、控(kong)制單元等(deng)構成(cheng)。PCS控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)通過(guo)通訊(xun)接收后臺控(kong)制指(zhi)令，根(gen)據功率指(zhi)令的(de)(de)(de)符號(hao)及(ji)大(da)小控(kong)制變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，實現(xian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網有功功率及(ji)無功功率的(de)(de)(de)調節。PCS控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)通過(guo)CAN接口(kou)與BMS通訊(xun)，獲取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組狀(zhuang)態(tai)信(xin)息，可實現(xian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)保護性充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)運行安全。

二、光伏逆變器是什么

光(guang)伏(fu)逆變(bian)器英文名為PV inverter，是(shi)指(zhi)可(ke)(ke)將光(guang)伏(fu)太陽能板產生(sheng)的可(ke)(ke)變(bian)直流電壓轉換為市電頻率交(jiao)流電的逆變(bian)器，通常被輸(shu)電系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、電網、電站應(ying)用，是(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)陣列系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中重要(yao)的系(xi)統(tong)(tong)平衡（BOS）之一。

光(guang)伏逆(ni)變(bian)器的缺點(dian)是只能在白天(tian)發(fa)電，發(fa)電功(gong)率易受到天(tian)氣影(ying)響(xiang)等，針對(dui)這些問題(ti)，儲(chu)能逆(ni)變(bian)器成(cheng)功(gong)問世。當負荷低谷時，儲(chu)能逆(ni)變(bian)器將輸(shu)出電能用(yong)蓄電池存儲(chu)。當負荷高峰時，儲(chu)能逆(ni)變(bian)器將釋放存儲(chu)的電能，以減少對(dui)電網(wang)的壓(ya)力。當電網(wang)陷入故障時，儲(chu)能逆(ni)變(bian)器可切換(huan)成(cheng)離網(wang)模式繼續(xu)供電。

三、儲能變流器和光伏逆變器的區別

1、自用率

儲能逆變器(qi)的(de)(de)自用率(lv)最(zui)高可到80%。光伏逆變器(qi)的(de)(de)自用率(lv)通常(chang)在20%左右。

2、市電故障

當(dang)市電(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)時，光伏逆變器(qi)將陷入(ru)癱瘓(huan)狀態，儲能逆變器(qi)可轉(zhuan)換(huan)離網(wang)模式(shi)高效供(gong)電(dian)。

3、收益

在并(bing)網(wang)發電補貼下調的背景下，儲(chu)能逆(ni)變(bian)器收(shou)益將比光伏逆(ni)變(bian)器更高。

4、天氣因素

光伏逆變器有多種(zhong)限制(zhi)，如只能白天發(fa)電(dian)、發(fa)電(dian)功率受天氣影響、具有不可預見(jian)性等。儲能逆變器沒有以上問題。

四、儲能變流器的作用和優勢

1、突破天氣變化的局限性

由于儲能(neng)變(bian)流器能(neng)夠(gou)將交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)(wei)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)儲存在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內，并在(zai)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)后將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內的直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)供用戶使(shi)用，這(zhe)就(jiu)在(zai)很大程度上降低了天氣狀況對發電(dian)(dian)(dian)穩定性的影響，能(neng)夠(gou)大大提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的穩定性和品(pin)質。

2、擁有更高的用電效率

與(yu)并(bing)網光伏逆變(bian)器(qi)相比，儲能變(bian)流器(qi)用(yong)電效(xiao)率(lv)更高，不(bu)僅能夠(gou)突破天氣狀況、時間等局限(xian)性，解(jie)決(jue)并(bing)網光伏逆變(bian)器(qi)存在的(de)(de)問題，還(huan)能為(wei)用(yong)戶提供更加穩定、持(chi)久(jiu)的(de)(de)電能，避(bi)免(mian)用(yong)電系統(tong)故障帶來的(de)(de)不(bu)便和麻煩，這(zhe)也是更多用(yong)戶選擇這(zhe)種逆變(bian)器(qi)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)原因所在。

3、擁有較高的穩定性

在電網系統故障的情況下，儲能變流器能(neng)夠將(jiang)儲存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)接轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)系統使用(yong)(yong)，受外界因素(su)的(de)(de)(de)影響較(jiao)小，能(neng)夠大大降(jiang)低(di)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，具(ju)有較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性。當處于用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰期(qi)時(shi)(shi)，儲能(neng)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器會將(jiang)太陽能(neng)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)并入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)供廣大用(yong)(yong)戶使用(yong)(yong)，而處于用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)低(di)谷期(qi)時(shi)(shi)，儲能(neng)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器又會將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)儲存(cun)起來，能(neng)夠實(shi)現直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換，而且(qie)能(neng)夠為(wei)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)提供強(qiang)有力的(de)(de)(de)保障。

除了以(yi)上(shang)作(zuo)用外，儲能變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)還(huan)(huan)具有能夠為電(dian)(dian)網(wang)提(ti)供更(geng)加穩定、諧波含量較少的純凈電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這(zhe)不僅(jin)符合當今社會(hui)節能減排的趨勢和要求，更(geng)加提(ti)升了電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的穩定性和品(pin)質。總而言之，儲能變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)能夠突破傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)光(guang)伏逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)的局限(xian)性，為電(dian)(dian)網(wang)系統(tong)(tong)提(ti)供高品(pin)質的電(dian)(dian)能的同(tong)時，還(huan)(huan)能降低用電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本，提(ti)高用電(dian)(dian)效率，這(zhe)些優勢和作(zuo)用也是(shi)儲能變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)能夠在(zai)市場上(shang)占據(ju)一定優勢的前提(ti)和保障(zhang)。