一、儲能變流器是什么
儲能變(bian)流器(Power Conversion System)英文簡稱PCS,又稱儲能逆變(bian)器,可控制(zhi)蓄電池的(de)充電和放(fang)電過程,進(jin)行交(jiao)直(zhi)流的(de)變(bian)換(huan),在無電網情(qing)況下可以直(zhi)接(jie)為交(jiao)流負荷(he)供(gong)電。
儲能(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)PCS由DC/AC雙向變流(liu)器(qi)、控制(zhi)單元等構成。PCS控制(zhi)器(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊(xun)接收后臺控制(zhi)指(zhi)令,根(gen)據(ju)功(gong)率指(zhi)令的(de)符號及大小控制(zhi)變流(liu)器(qi)對電池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)(xing)充電或放電,實(shi)現(xian)(xian)對電網有功(gong)功(gong)率及無功(gong)功(gong)率的(de)調節。PCS控制(zhi)器(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)CAN接口與BMS通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊(xun),獲取(qu)電池(chi)(chi)組狀態(tai)信息,可實(shi)現(xian)(xian)對電池(chi)(chi)的(de)保護性充放電,確保電池(chi)(chi)運行(xing)(xing)安(an)全。
二、光伏逆變器是什么
光伏(fu)逆變器英文(wen)名為PV inverter,是指可(ke)將(jiang)光伏(fu)太陽能板(ban)產生的可(ke)變直流電(dian)壓(ya)轉換為市(shi)電(dian)頻率交流電(dian)的逆變器,通(tong)常被輸電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統、電(dian)網、電(dian)站(zhan)應用,是光伏(fu)陣列(lie)系(xi)(xi)統中重要的系(xi)(xi)統平衡(heng)(BOS)之(zhi)一(yi)。
光(guang)伏逆變(bian)器(qi)的(de)缺點(dian)是只能(neng)(neng)(neng)在白天(tian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian),發(fa)(fa)電(dian)功(gong)率(lv)易受到天(tian)氣影響等,針對這些問題,儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)逆變(bian)器(qi)成功(gong)問世(shi)。當(dang)負荷(he)低谷(gu)時(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)逆變(bian)器(qi)將(jiang)輸出(chu)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)用蓄電(dian)池存儲(chu)。當(dang)負荷(he)高峰時(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)逆變(bian)器(qi)將(jiang)釋放存儲(chu)的(de)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng),以減少(shao)對電(dian)網的(de)壓力(li)。當(dang)電(dian)網陷(xian)入故障時(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)逆變(bian)器(qi)可切換成離網模(mo)式繼續供電(dian)。
三、儲能變流器和光伏逆變器的區別
1、自用率
儲能逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)的自(zi)用(yong)(yong)率最高(gao)可(ke)到80%。光伏逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)的自(zi)用(yong)(yong)率通常在(zai)20%左右(you)。
2、市電故障
當市(shi)電故障(zhang)時,光伏逆(ni)變器(qi)將陷入癱瘓狀態,儲能逆(ni)變器(qi)可轉(zhuan)換離網模式高效(xiao)供(gong)電。
3、收益
在并(bing)網發電補貼(tie)下調(diao)的背景下,儲能逆變器(qi)收益(yi)將(jiang)比(bi)光(guang)伏逆變器(qi)更高。
4、天氣因素
光伏逆變器(qi)有(you)多種(zhong)限制,如只能白天(tian)發電、發電功(gong)率(lv)受天(tian)氣影(ying)響、具有(you)不(bu)可預見性等。儲能逆變器(qi)沒有(you)以上問(wen)題。
四、儲能變流器的作用和優勢
1、突破天氣變化的局限性
由于(yu)儲(chu)能(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)能(neng)夠將交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儲(chu)存在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內,并(bing)在(zai)(zai)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后將蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內的直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供用戶使用,這就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)很大程度上(shang)降(jiang)低(di)了天氣狀(zhuang)況對發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)穩(wen)定性的影響,能(neng)夠大大提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的穩(wen)定性和(he)品(pin)質。
2、擁有更高的用電效率
與并網(wang)光(guang)伏逆(ni)變器相比,儲能變流器用電(dian)效率更高(gao),不(bu)僅(jin)能夠突破天(tian)氣(qi)狀況、時間等(deng)局限性,解決并網(wang)光(guang)伏逆(ni)變器存在的問題,還能為用戶提供更加穩(wen)定、持久的電(dian)能,避免用電(dian)系(xi)統故(gu)障(zhang)帶來的不(bu)便和麻煩(fan),這也(ye)是更多用戶選(xuan)擇這種逆(ni)變器的重(zhong)要原因所在。
3、擁有較高的穩定性
在電網系統故障的情況下,儲能變流器能(neng)夠(gou)將儲存的(de)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)接轉換為交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)網系統使用(yong),受(shou)外界因素的(de)影(ying)響較小,能(neng)夠(gou)大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本,具有較高(gao)的(de)穩定(ding)性。當處于用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰期時(shi),儲能(neng)變流器會將太陽能(neng)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)并入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網供廣大(da)用(yong)戶使用(yong),而處于用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)低谷期時(shi),儲能(neng)變流器又會將電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中的(de)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)儲存起來,能(neng)夠(gou)實(shi)現直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)雙(shuang)向轉換,而且能(neng)夠(gou)為斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)提供強(qiang)有力的(de)保(bao)障。
除了以上作(zuo)用外,儲能(neng)(neng)變(bian)(bian)流器還具(ju)有能(neng)(neng)夠為電網(wang)提(ti)供更加(jia)穩定(ding)(ding)、諧波含量(liang)較少的(de)純凈電流,這(zhe)(zhe)不僅(jin)符合當今社會節能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排的(de)趨勢(shi)和(he)(he)(he)要求,更加(jia)提(ti)升了電網(wang)的(de)穩定(ding)(ding)性和(he)(he)(he)品(pin)質(zhi)。總(zong)而言(yan)之,儲能(neng)(neng)變(bian)(bian)流器能(neng)(neng)夠突破傳統光伏(fu)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器的(de)局限性,為電網(wang)系統提(ti)供高品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)電能(neng)(neng)的(de)同時,還能(neng)(neng)降低(di)用電成本,提(ti)高用電效率,這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)優勢(shi)和(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)用也(ye)是儲能(neng)(neng)變(bian)(bian)流器能(neng)(neng)夠在(zai)市場上占據一(yi)定(ding)(ding)優勢(shi)的(de)前提(ti)和(he)(he)(he)保障。