一、半導體與電子元器件的聯系

電子(zi)元器件和(he)半導體(ti)作為(wei)電子(zi)行業中的兩個重要概念，它們之間不(bu)但(dan)有著(zhu)密不(bu)可分(fen)的聯系(xi)。

半導體是一類基于半導體材料制造的電子元器件，它是構成電子元器件的重要組成部分之一。電子元器件是指各種電(dian)(dian)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)、電(dian)(dian)源器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)、電(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)、電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)等多種組件(jian)的(de)總稱。半(ban)導(dao)體器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)和電(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)的(de)關系(xi)是相互聯(lian)系(xi)的(de)，半(ban)導(dao)體器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)不僅構成了(le)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)基礎單元(yuan)，還可以用(yong)來制造(zao)各種各樣(yang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)。

二、電子元器件和半導體有哪些區別

1、物理性質的區別

電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元器件(jian)(jian)是指電(dian)(dian)子(zi)系統(tong)中(zhong)能夠獨立運行(xing)的(de)(de)一個基本功能模塊，其由多個不同的(de)(de)物(wu)理元件(jian)(jian)組(zu)成(cheng)，例如電(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)容、電(dian)(dian)感等。這些電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元件(jian)(jian)都有其獨特的(de)(de)物(wu)理性質(zhi)(zhi)，在電(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)路設計中(zhong)起(qi)著不可或(huo)缺的(de)(de)作用。而半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)是指具有介(jie)于導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)和絕緣體(ti)(ti)之間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)和電(dian)(dian)阻率(lv)的(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)。常見(jian)的(de)(de)半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)材(cai)料包括硅、鍺、鎵等。半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)物(wu)理性質(zhi)(zhi)取(qu)決于其內部材(cai)料的(de)(de)雜質(zhi)(zhi)摻雜程(cheng)度，且可以(yi)通過半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件(jian)(jian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)PN結實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)子(zi)流的(de)(de)控(kong)制。

2、應用范圍的區別

由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)基(ji)本作用(yong)是實現(xian)各(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)功能，因此應(ying)用(yong)范圍非常廣泛，在電(dian)(dian)力、通訊、計(ji)算(suan)機等(deng)領域中都有廣泛的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。半(ban)導體(ti)則(ze)主要應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)中，例(li)如電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管(guan)、晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)、集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路等(deng)。半(ban)導體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)，使得電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)制造(zao)和應(ying)用(yong)有了質的(de)(de)飛(fei)躍，從而推動(dong)了電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產業的(de)(de)發展(zhan)。

3、組成方式的區別

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器件(jian)(jian)的(de)制造是(shi)通過(guo)獨立的(de)物理元件(jian)(jian)的(de)組(zu)(zu)合(he)來實現，例如將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)等(deng)元件(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)合(he)在(zai)一起形成RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。而(er)半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)器件(jian)(jian)則(ze)是(shi)將各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元件(jian)(jian)封裝(zhuang)在(zai)同一塊半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)晶片上，并通過(guo)不同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路連(lian)接實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路功能。

4、工作原理的區別

電(dian)(dian)子元器(qi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)工作(zuo)原理主要是通過電(dian)(dian)子元件(jian)(jian)的(de)物理屬性實(shi)現(xian)各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)路功能(neng)(neng)。例如，電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)作(zuo)用是阻礙電(dian)(dian)流的(de)流動，電(dian)(dian)容的(de)作(zuo)用則是儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)。半導體(ti)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)則主要利用材料能(neng)(neng)帶理論，通過摻雜、退火、曝光、腐蝕等多個工藝(yi)步驟制(zhi)造出PN結和MOS結等相應器(qi)件(jian)(jian)，并通過控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)子的(de)躍遷實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)子流的(de)控制(zhi)。