一、半導體與電子元器件的聯系
電子元器(qi)件(jian)和(he)半導(dao)體作為(wei)電子行業中的兩個重(zhong)要概念,它們之間(jian)不但有著(zhu)密不可分的聯(lian)系。
半導體是一類基于半導體材料制造的電子元器件,它是構成電子元器件的重要組成部分之一。電子元器件是(shi)指各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)、電(dian)源器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)、電(dian)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)、電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)等多種(zhong)組件(jian)的總稱。半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)和電(dian)子元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)的關系是(shi)相互聯(lian)系的,半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)不僅(jin)構成了電(dian)路的基礎單(dan)元(yuan),還(huan)可以用來制造各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)(ge)(ge)樣的電(dian)子器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)。
二、電子元器件和半導體有哪些區別
1、物理性質的區別
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元器(qi)件(jian)(jian)是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)系(xi)統中能夠獨立運行的(de)(de)一個基本功能模塊,其(qi)由多個不同的(de)(de)物(wu)理元件(jian)(jian)組成,例如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)等。這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元件(jian)(jian)都有其(qi)獨特的(de)(de)物(wu)理性質,在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路設計中起(qi)著不可或缺的(de)(de)作用。而半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)是指具有介于(yu)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)和絕緣體(ti)(ti)之間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率的(de)(de)物(wu)質。常見的(de)(de)半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)材料(liao)包括硅、鍺、鎵等。半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)物(wu)理性質取(qu)決于(yu)其(qi)內部材料(liao)的(de)(de)雜質摻(chan)雜程度,且可以通過半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)中的(de)(de)PN結實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)流的(de)(de)控制。
2、應用范圍的區別
由于電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)器件的基本作用(yong)是實現各種電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的功(gong)能,因此應(ying)用(yong)范圍(wei)非(fei)常廣泛(fan),在電(dian)(dian)力(li)、通(tong)訊、計算機等領域中都(dou)有廣泛(fan)的應(ying)用(yong)。半導(dao)體則主要應(ying)用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)器件中,例如(ru)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)管、晶(jing)體管、集成電(dian)(dian)路(lu)等。半導(dao)體材料的出現,使得電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)器件的制造和應(ying)用(yong)有了質的飛(fei)躍,從而(er)推動了電(dian)(dian)子(zi)產業的發(fa)展。
3、組成方式的區別
電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器件的(de)制造是通過獨(du)立(li)的(de)物理元件的(de)組(zu)合來實現,例(li)如將電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)感等元件組(zu)合在一起形成(cheng)RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。而半導體器件則是將各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元件封裝在同一塊半導體晶片上,并通過不(bu)同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路連接實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)路功能。
4、工作原理的區別
電(dian)子(zi)元器件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)原理主要是通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)子(zi)元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理屬性實(shi)現(xian)各種(zhong)電(dian)路(lu)功能(neng)。例如,電(dian)阻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用是阻礙電(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流動,電(dian)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用則是儲存電(dian)能(neng)。半導體器件(jian)則主要利用材(cai)料能(neng)帶理論,通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)摻(chan)雜、退火、曝光、腐蝕等多個工藝步驟制造出PN結和MOS結等相應器件(jian),并通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)控(kong)制電(dian)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)躍(yue)遷實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)子(zi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制。