一、直線電機和旋轉電機的區別

旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是指能(neng)夠(gou)將電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為機(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)，實現(xian)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，包括直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、交流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等。直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)則是指能(neng)夠(gou)將電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，其工作原理是利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁力將線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈推動(dong)(dong)沿直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，包括直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)同步(bu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、線(xian)(xian)(xian)性感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等。

旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與(yu)直(zhi)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的區別(bie)在于運動(dong)(dong)方式不同。旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)通過旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運動(dong)(dong)來完成工(gong)作(zuo)，而直(zhi)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)則(ze)是(shi)通過直(zhi)線運動(dong)(dong)來完成工(gong)作(zuo)。此(ci)外，旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)通常(chang)需要通過傳動(dong)(dong)裝置將旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為(wei)機(ji)械工(gong)作(zuo)，而直(zhi)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)則(ze)不需要傳動(dong)(dong)裝置，直(zhi)接(jie)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為(wei)直(zhi)線運動(dong)(dong)。

旋轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的應(ying)用非(fei)常廣泛，包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車、機器(qi)人、家電(dian)(dian)(dian)、工(gong)業(ye)自動(dong)(dong)化等(deng)領域(yu)。而直線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機則主要(yao)應(ying)用于高速列車、電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯、醫療器(qi)械、印刷機等(deng)需要(yao)直線(xian)運動(dong)(dong)的場合。此外(wai)，直線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機還可以(yi)用于制造(zao)機器(qi)人、機床(chuang)等(deng)高精(jing)度(du)設備。

二、直線電機與旋轉電機性能比較

直線電機(ji)與旋轉電機(ji)相比，主要有如下幾個特點：

1、結構簡單

由于直線電機不需(xu)要把旋轉運(yun)動變成直線運(yun)動的附加裝置，因而使得系統本身的結構大為簡(jian)化，重量和體積大大下(xia)降。

2、定位精度高

在需要直線運(yun)動的(de)地方，直線電機可(ke)以實現直接傳動，因(yin)而可(ke)以消除中間環(huan)節所帶(dai)來的(de)各種定(ding)(ding)位誤差，故定(ding)(ding)位精度高，如采用(yong)微機控制，則還可(ke)以大大地提高整個系統的(de)定(ding)(ding)位精度。

3、反應速度快、靈敏度高，隨動性好

直(zhi)線電機容易做(zuo)到其(qi)動子(zi)(zi)(zi)用磁(ci)懸浮(fu)支撐(cheng)，因而使得動子(zi)(zi)(zi)和定(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之間始(shi)終保持一定(ding)的氣(qi)隙而不(bu)接觸，這(zhe)就(jiu)消(xiao)除了定(ding)、動子(zi)(zi)(zi)間的接觸摩擦阻力，因而大(da)(da)大(da)(da)地提高(gao)了系統(tong)的靈敏(min)度(du)、快速性(xing)和隨動性(xing)。

4、工作安全可靠、壽命長

直線電機可(ke)以實現無(wu)接觸(chu)傳遞(di)力，機(ji)械摩擦損耗幾乎為零(ling)，所(suo)以故障少(shao)，免(mian)維修，因而工作(zuo)安全可(ke)靠、壽命長。