一、直線電機和旋轉電機的區別
旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)機(ji)是(shi)指(zhi)能(neng)(neng)夠將(jiang)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為機(ji)械能(neng)(neng),實現(xian)旋轉(zhuan)運動(dong)的電(dian)動(dong)機(ji),包括(kuo)直流電(dian)機(ji)、交流電(dian)機(ji)、步進電(dian)機(ji)等。直線(xian)(xian)電(dian)機(ji)則是(shi)指(zhi)能(neng)(neng)夠將(jiang)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為直線(xian)(xian)運動(dong)的電(dian)動(dong)機(ji),其工作原(yuan)理是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)磁力將(jiang)線(xian)(xian)圈推動(dong)沿直線(xian)(xian)運動(dong),包括(kuo)直線(xian)(xian)同步電(dian)機(ji)、線(xian)(xian)性(xing)感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)機(ji)等。
旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)機(ji)與直(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)的區別在于運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)方(fang)式不(bu)同。旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)機(ji)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)來(lai)完(wan)成工作(zuo),而直(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)則是通(tong)(tong)過(guo)直(zhi)線運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)來(lai)完(wan)成工作(zuo)。此外,旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)機(ji)通(tong)(tong)常需要(yao)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)傳動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置將(jiang)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)機(ji)械工作(zuo),而直(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)則不(bu)需要(yao)傳動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置,直(zhi)接將(jiang)電(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)直(zhi)線運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)。
旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的應(ying)(ying)用非常廣泛,包括電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)、機(ji)器(qi)人、家(jia)電(dian)(dian)、工業自動(dong)化(hua)等(deng)領域。而直線電(dian)(dian)機(ji)則主要應(ying)(ying)用于高速(su)列(lie)車(che)、電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、醫療器(qi)械、印刷機(ji)等(deng)需要直線運動(dong)的場合。此(ci)外,直線電(dian)(dian)機(ji)還可以用于制造機(ji)器(qi)人、機(ji)床等(deng)高精度設備(bei)。
二、直線電機與旋轉電機性能比較
直線(xian)電(dian)機與旋轉電(dian)機相比(bi),主要有如(ru)下(xia)幾(ji)個特點:
1、結構簡單
由于直(zhi)線電機不(bu)需要把旋(xuan)轉運(yun)動(dong)變成直(zhi)線運(yun)動(dong)的(de)附加裝置(zhi),因(yin)而使(shi)得系(xi)統本身(shen)的(de)結構大為簡(jian)化,重量和體(ti)積大大下降(jiang)。
2、定位精度高
在需要直(zhi)線運動(dong)的地方,直(zhi)線電機可以實現直(zhi)接(jie)傳(chuan)動(dong),因而可以消除中間環節所帶來的各種定位誤差,故定位精度高(gao),如采用微機控制(zhi),則還可以大大地提高(gao)整個系(xi)統的定位精度。
3、反應速度快、靈敏度高,隨動性好
直線電機容易做到其(qi)動(dong)子用磁懸浮支撐,因而使(shi)得(de)動(dong)子和定(ding)子之間(jian)始終保(bao)持一定(ding)的氣隙而不接觸,這就消除了定(ding)、動(dong)子間(jian)的接觸摩擦阻力,因而大(da)大(da)地提(ti)高了系(xi)統的靈敏度、快速性(xing)和隨動(dong)性(xing)。
4、工作安全可靠、壽命長
直線電機可以(yi)(yi)實現無接觸傳遞力,機(ji)械摩擦損耗幾乎為(wei)零,所以(yi)(yi)故障少,免維修,因而工(gong)作(zuo)安全可靠、壽命長。