一、橄欖球比賽規則介紹
橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)動是球(qiu)(qiu)類運(yun)動項目,在長(chang)方(fang)形場地(di)上,通過集體配合,射(she)球(qiu)(qiu)入門得(de)(de)(de)分或持球(qiu)(qiu)觸得(de)(de)(de)分區(qu)(qu)地(di)面得(de)(de)(de)分,它的規(gui)則(ze)大(da)致(zhi)可分為美式(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)規(gui)則(ze)和英(ying)式(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)規(gui)則(ze)兩種:1、美式(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)的規(gui)則(ze)非常繁(fan)復,核(he)心規(gui)則(ze)用一句(ju)話概括,那就(jiu)是比賽(sai)雙方(fang)輪流進(jin)攻(gong),進(jin)攻(gong)方(fang)把球(qiu)(qiu)帶到對方(fang)大(da)本營就(jiu)算得(de)(de)(de)分,最后得(de)(de)(de)分多的就(jiu)是贏家。2、英(ying)式(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)的核(he)心規(gui)則(ze)和美式(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)一樣,只(zhi)是在人(ren)員配置、得(de)(de)(de)分方(fang)式(shi)、進(jin)攻(gong)、傳球(qiu)(qiu)等方(fang)面有一些區(qu)(qu)別。
二、橄欖球起源于哪一個國家
橄欖球的原名是拉格比足球,這個名字來源于英國中部的一座城市,而在這座城市中有一所拉格比學校,它就是橄欖球運動的誕生地,1823年,學校中的一名學生埃利斯,在校內足球比賽中,因為比賽中出現了一次失誤,感到非常惋惜,竟然選擇不顧一切的抱起球來就跑,這雖然屬于犯規動作,但也給了人新的啟示,慢慢的逐漸被人們接受,發展出了一項新運動,那就是橄欖球。橄欖球發展至今已經成為一項世界性運動,如果您也想玩橄欖球,可以先來了解一下橄欖球十大品牌。
三、美式橄欖球和英式橄欖球區別
1、名稱(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong):英(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)英(ying)(ying)文(wen)(wen)為Rugby,美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)名稱(cheng)(cheng)為America Football。2、使用(yong)的球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong):美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)英(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)略小,便于傳球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),一(yi)般來說英(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為5號球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),而美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為9號球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。3、運(yun)(yun)動裝(zhuang)備不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong):英(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)(yun)動員不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)穿護具(ju),基本上(shang)(shang)采用(yong)足(zu)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)(yun)動員的服(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang),又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)軟式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)(yun)動員必(bi)須穿戴規定(ding)的服(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)和護具(ju),故(gu)又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)為硬式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。4、比(bi)賽時(shi)長不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong):美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽全(quan)(quan)場60分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)4節(jie),每(mei)節(jie)15分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong);英(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)時(shi)間接近足(zu)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),全(quan)(quan)場一(yi)共80分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong),40分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)一(yi)個(ge)半場。5、人員配置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong):美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽中(zhong)每(mei)個(ge)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)(dui)允(yun)許(xu)11名球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)員同(tong)時(shi)在(zai)場上(shang)(shang);英(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)個(ge)隊(dui)(dui)有(you)(you)(you)15個(ge)隊(dui)(dui)員在(zai)場上(shang)(shang)比(bi)賽。6、傳球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)方向(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong):美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽中(zhong),球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)間都(dou)保(bao)持向(xiang)前運(yun)(yun)轉;英(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)允(yun)許(xu)直接向(xiang)前傳球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),必(bi)須傳給身位(wei)靠后的隊(dui)(dui)友,否則(ze)視為越位(wei)。7、得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong):美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)共有(you)(you)(you)三種(zhong)得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別是達陣(zhen)得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、任意球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和安(an)全(quan)(quan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),達陣(zhen)得(de)(de)6分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),任意球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)射中(zhong)得(de)(de)3分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),安(an)全(quan)(quan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為2分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen);英(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)兩種(zhong)得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),達陣(zhen)得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和射門得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。達陣(zhen)完(wan)成得(de)(de)5分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)后的附加射門得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)值為2分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。8、職業(ye)化(hua)程度不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong):美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的職業(ye)化(hua)程度較高,英(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)則(ze)還在(zai)帶著(zhu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)上(shang)(shang)的優(you)越感,思考著(zhu)貴族、商業(ye)化(hua)以及(ji)職業(ye)化(hua)的沖突。
四、橄欖球運動員的身體素質高嗎
橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一項高對(dui)(dui)抗性的運(yun)動(dong)(dong),球(qiu)員(yuan)(yuan)們(men)擁有一身(shen)強勁的肌肉(rou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)自己對(dui)(dui)抗能力的保障(zhang),橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)需要運(yun)動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)擁有極為(wei)出色的身(shen)體素質(zhi)和奔跑能力。相比于(yu)(yu)其他(ta)運(yun)動(dong)(dong),橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)的身(shen)體接(jie)觸是(shi)(shi)(shi)最多的,所以橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)幾(ji)乎都擁有遠超(chao)于(yu)(yu)常(chang)人的身(shen)材。NFL中(zhong)的球(qiu)員(yuan)(yuan)一個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)都幾(ji)乎是(shi)(shi)(shi)肌肉(rou)怪(guai)獸。