一、橄欖球比賽規則介紹
橄(gan)(gan)欖球運動(dong)是球類運動(dong)項目(mu),在(zai)長方形場地上,通過集體配合,射球入門得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)或持(chi)球觸得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)區地面得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen),它的規則大(da)(da)致可分(fen)(fen)為美(mei)式(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖球規則和英(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖球規則兩種:1、美(mei)式(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖球的規則非常(chang)繁復,核(he)心規則用一(yi)句話概括,那就(jiu)是比賽雙方輪流進攻,進攻方把球帶到(dao)對方大(da)(da)本營就(jiu)算得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen),最后得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)多的就(jiu)是贏家。2、英(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖球的核(he)心規則和美(mei)式(shi)(shi)橄(gan)(gan)欖球一(yi)樣,只是在(zai)人員(yuan)配置、得(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)方式(shi)(shi)、進攻、傳球等方面有一(yi)些區別。
二、橄欖球起源于哪一個國家
橄欖球的原名是拉格比足球,這個名字來源于英國中部的一座城市,而在這座城市中有一所拉格比學校,它就是橄欖球運動的誕生地,1823年,學校中的一名學生埃利斯,在校內足球比賽中,因為比賽中出現了一次失誤,感到非常惋惜,竟然選擇不顧一切的抱起球來就跑,這雖然屬于犯規動作,但也給了人新的啟示,慢慢的逐漸被人們接受,發展出了一項新運動,那就是橄欖球。橄欖球發展至今已經成為一項世界性運動,如果您也想玩橄欖球,可以先來了解一下橄欖球十大品牌。
三、美式橄欖球和英式橄欖球區別
1、名(ming)稱不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong):英(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)英(ying)文為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Rugby,美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)名(ming)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)America Football。2、使用(yong)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)英(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)略小(xiao),便于傳球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),一(yi)(yi)般來說英(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5號球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),而美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9號球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。3、運動(dong)(dong)裝備不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong):英(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)穿(chuan)護具,基(ji)本上(shang)采用(yong)足(zu)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)的(de)服裝,又(you)稱軟式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)必須(xu)穿(chuan)戴規定的(de)服裝和(he)護具,故又(you)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)硬式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。4、比(bi)賽時長(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽全(quan)場(chang)60分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘,分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)4節(jie),每節(jie)15分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘;英(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)時間接(jie)近(jin)足(zu)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),全(quan)場(chang)一(yi)(yi)共80分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘,40分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘一(yi)(yi)個(ge)半場(chang)。5、人員(yuan)配置不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽中每個(ge)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)(dui)允許(xu)11名(ming)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)員(yuan)同(tong)(tong)(tong)時在(zai)場(chang)上(shang);英(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每個(ge)隊(dui)(dui)有(you)15個(ge)隊(dui)(dui)員(yuan)在(zai)場(chang)上(shang)比(bi)賽。6、傳球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽中,球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)時間都保持向(xiang)前運轉;英(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)允許(xu)直接(jie)向(xiang)前傳球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),必須(xu)傳給(gei)身位(wei)(wei)靠(kao)后的(de)隊(dui)(dui)友,否則視(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)越位(wei)(wei)。7、得(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)共有(you)三種得(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別是達(da)陣得(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、任意球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)得(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)安全(quan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),達(da)陣得(de)6分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),任意球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)射中得(de)3分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),安全(quan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen);英(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽中有(you)只(zhi)有(you)兩種得(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),達(da)陣得(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)射門得(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。達(da)陣完(wan)成(cheng)得(de)5分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),得(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)后的(de)附加射門得(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)值為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。8、職業(ye)(ye)化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)職業(ye)(ye)化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度較高,英(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)則還(huan)在(zai)帶著(zhu)文化(hua)上(shang)的(de)優越感,思考著(zhu)貴族、商業(ye)(ye)化(hua)以及職業(ye)(ye)化(hua)的(de)沖突。
四、橄欖球運動員的身體素質高嗎
橄(gan)欖球(qiu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)是(shi)一項高對抗性(xing)的(de)運(yun)(yun)動(dong),球(qiu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)們擁(yong)有(you)一身(shen)(shen)強(qiang)勁的(de)肌(ji)肉是(shi)自(zi)己對抗能(neng)力的(de)保障,橄(gan)欖球(qiu)需(xu)要運(yun)(yun)動(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)擁(yong)有(you)極(ji)為(wei)出色的(de)身(shen)(shen)體素質和奔(ben)跑(pao)能(neng)力。相比于(yu)其他(ta)運(yun)(yun)動(dong),橄(gan)欖球(qiu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)身(shen)(shen)體接(jie)觸是(shi)最多的(de),所以橄(gan)欖球(qiu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)幾乎(hu)都擁(yong)有(you)遠超(chao)于(yu)常(chang)人的(de)身(shen)(shen)材。NFL中的(de)球(qiu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一個個都幾乎(hu)是(shi)肌(ji)肉怪獸。