南溪山,因山有白龍洞,又名白龍山,它有東西兩峰,彼此并列,聳拔千尺,北面的峭壁,山石潔白。雨后新晴,云霧初開,陽光照映在山石上,會發射出耀眼的光彩。“聳峭南溪(xi)山,何年辟仙(xian)境。龍(long)巖(yan)孕玉泉,碧(bi)漾(yang)清溪(xi)影(ying)。芳藻(zao)映(ying)光輝(hui),波入雉山靜。雨霽試新(xin)茶,游人(ren)爭汲綆。”清代桂林著(zhu)名畫家、詩人(ren)朱(zhu)樹德這樣生動(dong)地描繪了南溪(xi)山的神奇意境。《臨桂縣志》記載:“南(nan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),縣南(nan)五里,聳(song)拔千尺(chi),煙(yan)翠(cui)浮空,其溪(xi)(xi)(xi)東(dong)注漓(li)江。”“以溪(xi)(xi)(xi)在郡南(nan),因曰(yue)為(wei)(wei)南(nan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)”,“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以溪(xi)(xi)(xi)名”故(gu)名南(nan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又因山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有白(bai)(bai)龍(long)洞,故(gu)名白(bai)(bai)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。南(nan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)河縈繞北麓(lu),注入(ru)漓(li)江。南(nan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)雨(yu)后新晴,云霧初散,艷陽(yang)映照,光彩耀(yao)目。清代光緒十七(qi)年(1891年)朱(zhu)樹(shu)德將(jiang)“南(nan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)新霽(ji)”列(lie)為(wei)(wei)桂林續八景之一,并賦詩(shi)贊道:“聳(song)峭(qiao)(qiao)南(nan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),何年辟仙境。龍(long)巖孕玉泉,碧漾深溪(xi)(xi)(xi)影(ying)。芳藻映光輝(hui),波(bo)入(ru)雉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)靜。雨(yu)霽(ji)試新茶,游(you)人(ren)爭(zheng)汲綆。”桂林山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)多(duo)呈(cheng)青黛色,唯有南(nan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)東(dong)西兩峰(feng)并列(lie)聳(song)峙(zhi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)泛白(bai)(bai),凌空壁立(li),峭(qiao)(qiao)拔險(xian)峻,孕翠(cui)含(han)煙(yan),嵐彩撲人(ren),猶如兩扇白(bai)(bai)色屏風,矗立(li)于桂林城南(nan)。“南(nan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)玉屏”為(wei)(wei)桂林新二(er)十四景之一。
景區山、水、洞、泉俱全,自然條件優越,早在一千多年前的唐代,著名詩人李渤在桂林任地方官時,就著手開發為風景區。經過歷代修耷,吏臻完善。在南溪河上,橫架單拱雙曲式仿古橋,橋上建有橋亭,橋邊有白龍泉。泉水明凈,相傳古時曾用這泉水作為上貢皇帝沏茶之用,因而稱“貢泉”。橋之下游數十米處有金蓮島,島上修建了曲橋與江岸相連,供游人自由往來觀景。據(ju)地質學家分析,南(nan)溪(xi)山(shan)屬純凈厚層(ceng)石灰(hui)巖,幾百萬年前(qian)與斗雞山(shan)、羅(luo)漢山(shan)同體,后受水(shui)流(liu)不斷地溶蝕(shi),逐漸分割成孤峰。這條水(shui)流(liu)即后來(lai)形成的(de)南(nan)溪(xi)河。山(shan)的(de)北面(mian)被南(nan)溪(xi)河環繞,溪(xi)繞著山(shan)注入(ru)漓江。南(nan)溪(xi)公園,溪(xi)上風雨(yu)橋,橋南(nan)“白龍(long)泉(quan)”,相(xiang)傳(chuan)為“貢泉(quan)”,曾以泉(quan)水(shui)進貢給皇帝飲用。
桂林(lin)八景(jing)之一(yi)(yi)“南溪新霽”就是在雨后(hou)新晴,云霧初散時,由于北面的峭壁山石(shi)(shi)潔白,陽光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)映在山石(shi)(shi)上,會反射(she)出耀眼的光(guang)(guang)彩(cai)。因(yin)為兩(liang)峰(feng)相(xiang)對,這時象(xiang)玉(yu)屏一(yi)(yi)般(ban),故稱“南溪玉(yu)屏”,“南溪玉(yu)屏”也(ye)為桂林(lin)二十(shi)四景(jing)之一(yi)(yi)。
白(bai)龍(long)泉位于南(nan)溪山的北麓(lu),與南(nan)溪河相鄰的山坡側,有(you)地(di)下(xia)水(shui)自白(bai)龍(long)池(chi)中出。其(qi)旁(pang)的石壁(bi)上有(you)“白(bai)龍(long)泉”三個大字。白(bai)龍(long)泉的水(shui)質甘美而且清冽,古(gu)代列為貢品,故白(bai)龍(long)泉又稱“貢泉”。相傳用白(bai)龍(long)泉水(shui)泡茶,一(yi)段(duan)時間后揭開碗(wan)(wan)蓋,水(shui)氣如白(bai)龍(long)一(yi)般從(cong)碗(wan)(wan)里(li)升騰而起(qi)。
白(bai)(bai)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)是南(nan)(nan)溪山(shan)最高最大的(de)洞(dong)(dong)穴,白(bai)(bai)龍(long)泉南(nan)(nan)便是白(bai)(bai)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)的(de)入口,洞(dong)(dong)與鍋底洞(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)北相(xiang)(xiang)通,位于南(nan)(nan)溪山(shan)西北山(shan)腰處(chu)(chu),洞(dong)(dong)口于山(shan)體北麓。洞(dong)(dong)口上方(fang)有石鐘乳(ru)下垂(chui),形似龍(long)頭。相(xiang)(xiang)傳是當初(chu)把漓江整治(zhi)得(de)清澈(che)如鏡的(de)白(bai)(bai)龍(long),因直(zhi)諫而(er)冒犯了龍(long)王,被(bei)拘囚在這里留下的(de)身影,洞(dong)(dong)由此(ci)得(de)名。洞(dong)(dong)高32米(mi)、寬12米(mi),最高、最寬處(chu)(chu)均為(wei)23米(mi),長499.5米(mi),面積1828平方(fang)米(mi)。洞(dong)(dong)中刻(ke)有《留別(bie)南(nan)(nan)溪》為(wei)人們所傳誦。元巖(yan)在白(bai)(bai)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)口上方(fang),內有左右兩道(dao)。右道(dao)與穿云(yun)巖(yan)南(nan)(nan)北對穿;左道(dao)蜿蜒曲折,通往(wang)半山(shan)腰的(de)龍(long)脊坳。
龍(long)(long)脊亭(ting)(ting)1958年初建(jian),1959年重新(xin)設計(ji),建(jian)于南(nan)溪山(shan)(shan)兩峰(feng)(feng)之(zhi)間的凹處(chu)(被(bei)稱(cheng)為龍(long)(long)脊坳),憑欄(lan)眺望(wang),市(shi)區(qu)的大部分景色(se)、山(shan)(shan)水風光,盡收眼(yan)底(di)。亭(ting)(ting)呈“中”型,仿古而(er)建(jian)。主亭(ting)(ting)為8柱(zhu)、單檐、翹角長方亭(ting)(ting),兩側為附亭(ting)(ting),各傍兩峰(feng)(feng)石壁,總面積83平方米(mi)。上山(shan)(shan)必須(xu)要(yao)經過(guo)此亭(ting)(ting),亭(ting)(ting)南(nan)可看(kan)(kan)到(dao)斗雞諸(zhu)峰(feng)(feng),亭(ting)(ting)東可看(kan)(kan)到(dao)漓(li)江南(nan)瀉,亭(ting)(ting)西(xi)的西(xi)峰(feng)(feng)則高接天(tian)漢,被(bei)稱(cheng)為是游(you)南(nan)溪必看(kan)(kan)之(zhi)地。
龍脊(ji)洞(dong)位于(yu)南溪山(shan)西峰東邊山(shan)腹中,離(li)龍脊(ji)坳不遠,洞(dong)高(gao)30米,寬9米,深288米,洞(dong)底(di)面積1500平(ping)方米,是發育(yu)得最早(zao)的(de)巖洞(dong),大約在(zai)百萬(wan)年前就開始被溶蝕。洞(dong)內乳石遍布,形成景(jing)觀,主要(yao)有雜技舞臺、高(gao)山(shan)深谷等景(jing)點。出此洞(dong)即可到達龍脊(ji)亭。
11路(lu)、33路(lu)直達(da)南溪山。
桂林市區南,將軍橋(qiao)側(ce),北(bei)距(ju)火車站約(yue)1公里。