簡介
位(wei)于山西省中偏西部離(li)石(shi)市城關鎮(zhen)馬茂莊村西,墓(mu)(mu)群范圍約2平方公里。墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)年代多為東漢時期。墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)一般(ban)距地表2-5米,形制有單室(shi)(shi)、二(er)室(shi)(shi)、三(san)室(shi)(shi)和多室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)。大部分為畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)墓(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)采用(yong)磚石(shi)結構,畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)一般(ban)分布在墓(mu)(mu)門處,或前(qian)室(shi)(shi)的(de)四壁。畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)采用(yong)墨線(xian)勾勒細(xi)部,然后剔(ti)地平鏟像(xiang)外襯底,使得畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)凸起,增強視覺效(xiao)果(guo)。畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)內(nei)容有神話(hua)、歷史故事(shi)、建筑、歌舞宴樂(le)、郊游狩獵、車騎(qi)出行等。一些畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)上還有紀年題記。
考古發掘
墓(mu)群分布(bu)范圍約2平方(fang)公里。1990年冬,山西省(sheng)考古研究所首次(ci)科(ke)學發掘3座漢(han)畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石墓(mu),出土(tu)42塊漢(han)畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石。1993年春,又清理3座漢(han)畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石墓(mu),出土(tu)17塊漢(han)畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石。同年馬茂莊左表墓(mu)被(bei)洪水沖刷出土(tu)后發現該墓(mu)群,共收集村(cun)民建房時(shi)發現的漢(han)畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石6塊。
墓群詳情
畫(hua)像石墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)分南部和北(bei)部兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)區域。發掘的(de)6座漢(han)畫(hua)像石墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)皆出(chu)自于北(bei)部,有(you)4座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向南,1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向西,1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向北(bei),且相(xiang)距不遠。全部是(shi)磚(zhuan)石混合(he)結構的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬,均有(you)較長斜坡(po)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(其中2座在近墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)處旁設一個(ge)(ge)小室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))。除了1993年春發掘的(de)一座單(dan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)外(wai),其余(yu)均為(wei)前、后(hou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(其中較大的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還附有(you)一個(ge)(ge)或兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)耳(er)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆以繩紋條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(36×18×6厘米(mi))泥漿錯(cuo)縫砌筑(zhu),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)壁平直或略外(wai)弧。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)均以條(tiao)磚(zhuan)錯(cuo)縫封砌。甬道均為(wei)并列式拱(gong)券(quan)頂,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆為(wei)起拱(gong)內(nei)(nei)收“四面結頂”的(de)穹窿頂,后(hou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和耳(er)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦為(wei)穹窿頂或拱(gong)券(quan)頂。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)面多為(wei)縱(zong)向人(ren)字形鋪(pu)地(di)磚(zhuan),也有(you)錯(cuo)縫橫鋪(pu)條(tiao)磚(zhuan)的(de)地(di)面。 以上(shang)(shang)6座漢(han)畫(hua)像石墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),每墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)必有(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)畫(hua)像石五塊,即(ji)門(men)(men)(men)(men)楣石、兩(liang)側立(li)框石及(ji)兩(liang)扇(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)扉(fei)石。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)畫(hua)像石內(nei)(nei)容極其穩定單(dan)純(chun),即(ji)門(men)(men)(men)(men)楣石上(shang)(shang)均刻(ke)畫(hua)車騎出(chu)行,顯耀墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)人(ren)生前仕途等級;兩(liang)側門(men)(men)(men)(men)框石上(shang)(shang)皆刻(ke)畫(hua)東王公西王母(mu)、擁盾持彗的(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)吏;兩(liang)扇(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)扉(fei)石上(shang)(shang)都刻(ke)畫(hua)朱雀展(zhan)翅與鋪(pu)首銜(xian)環。
導游
馬茂莊(zhuang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)年代多(duo)為東(dong)漢時期。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)一(yi)(yi)般距地表2-5米,形制(zhi)有單室(shi)、二室(shi)、三室(shi)和多(duo)室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。大部分為畫像(xiang)(xiang)石墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)采(cai)用(yong)磚(zhuan)石結構,畫像(xiang)(xiang)石一(yi)(yi)般分布在墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門處,或前(qian)室(shi)的四(si)壁。畫像(xiang)(xiang)采(cai)用(yong)墨線勾勒細部,然后剔地平鏟像(xiang)(xiang)外襯底(di),使得畫像(xiang)(xiang)凸起(qi),增強視覺效果。畫像(xiang)(xiang)內容有神話(hua)、歷史故事、建筑、歌舞宴樂、郊游狩獵、車(che)騎出行等。一(yi)(yi)些畫像(xiang)(xiang)石上還有紀年題(ti)記。
交通
可在(zai)當地包車或自駕車前(qian)往(wang)。