簡介
位于山西(xi)(xi)(xi)省中偏(pian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)離(li)石(shi)市城關(guan)鎮(zhen)馬茂莊村(cun)西(xi)(xi)(xi),墓(mu)群范(fan)圍約2平方公里。墓(mu)葬年代多為(wei)東漢時期。墓(mu)葬一(yi)般距地表2-5米(mi),形制有單室、二(er)室、三室和多室墓(mu)。大部(bu)分為(wei)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)墓(mu)。墓(mu)室采用磚石(shi)結構(gou),畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)一(yi)般分布在墓(mu)門處,或前室的四壁。畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)采用墨線(xian)勾勒(le)細部(bu),然后剔地平鏟像(xiang)(xiang)外襯底,使(shi)得(de)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)凸(tu)起,增(zeng)強視覺效果。畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)內容有神話、歷史(shi)故(gu)事、建筑、歌舞宴樂(le)、郊游狩獵、車(che)騎(qi)出行(xing)等。一(yi)些畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)上還有紀(ji)年題(ti)記(ji)。
考古發掘
墓(mu)群分布范圍(wei)約2平方公里。1990年(nian)冬,山(shan)西省考古(gu)研究所首次科學發(fa)掘3座(zuo)漢(han)畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu),出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)42塊漢(han)畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)。1993年(nian)春,又清理3座(zuo)漢(han)畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu),出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)17塊漢(han)畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)。同年(nian)馬茂(mao)莊(zhuang)左表墓(mu)被洪(hong)水沖刷出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)后發(fa)現該墓(mu)群,共收集村民建房時發(fa)現的漢(han)畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)6塊。
墓群詳情
畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)分(fen)南(nan)部和(he)(he)北部兩個區域。發掘的(de)(de)(de)6座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)漢畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)皆(jie)出(chu)自于北部,有(you)(you)(you)4座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向(xiang)南(nan),1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向(xiang)西(xi),1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向(xiang)北,且相距不遠。全部是磚(zhuan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)混合結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬,均有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)長(chang)斜坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(其中2座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)在近墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)處(chu)旁(pang)設一個小室(shi)(shi)(shi))。除了1993年(nian)春發掘的(de)(de)(de)一座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)單(dan)(dan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)外,其余均為(wei)前(qian)、后(hou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(其中較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)還附有(you)(you)(you)一個或(huo)兩個耳(er)室(shi)(shi)(shi))。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)以繩紋(wen)條磚(zhuan)(36×18×6厘(li)米)泥漿錯縫(feng)(feng)砌筑(zhu),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內壁(bi)平直或(huo)略外弧。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)外均以條磚(zhuan)錯縫(feng)(feng)封(feng)砌。甬(yong)道均為(wei)并列式拱(gong)券頂(ding),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)為(wei)起拱(gong)內收“四面結(jie)頂(ding)”的(de)(de)(de)穹窿(long)頂(ding),后(hou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)耳(er)室(shi)(shi)(shi)亦為(wei)穹窿(long)頂(ding)或(huo)拱(gong)券頂(ding)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)地面多為(wei)縱向(xiang)人(ren)字形鋪地磚(zhuan),也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)錯縫(feng)(feng)橫鋪條磚(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)地面。 以上6座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)漢畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),每墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)必有(you)(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)五塊,即(ji)門(men)楣石(shi)(shi)(shi)、兩側立框石(shi)(shi)(shi)及兩扇(shan)門(men)扉(fei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)內容極其穩定單(dan)(dan)純,即(ji)門(men)楣石(shi)(shi)(shi)上均刻畫(hua)(hua)車騎出(chu)行,顯耀墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主人(ren)生(sheng)前(qian)仕途(tu)等級;兩側門(men)框石(shi)(shi)(shi)上皆(jie)刻畫(hua)(hua)東王公西(xi)王母、擁盾(dun)持彗的(de)(de)(de)門(men)吏;兩扇(shan)門(men)扉(fei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)上都(dou)刻畫(hua)(hua)朱雀展翅與鋪首銜(xian)環。
導游
馬茂莊墓(mu)(mu)群的墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)年代多為東漢(han)時期。墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)一般距(ju)地表2-5米(mi),形制(zhi)有單室、二室、三室和多室墓(mu)(mu)。大部分為畫(hua)像石墓(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)室采用磚石結構,畫(hua)像石一般分布在墓(mu)(mu)門處,或前室的四(si)壁。畫(hua)像采用墨線(xian)勾勒細(xi)部,然后剔地平鏟(chan)像外襯底(di),使得畫(hua)像凸起,增強視覺效果。畫(hua)像內容有神話(hua)、歷史故(gu)事、建筑(zhu)、歌舞(wu)宴(yan)樂、郊游狩獵、車(che)騎出行(xing)等。一些畫(hua)像石上還有紀年題記。
交通
可在當地包車或自駕車前往。