簡介
位于(yu)山西(xi)省中偏西(xi)部(bu)離石(shi)市城關(guan)鎮馬茂莊村西(xi),墓群范圍約2平方公(gong)里。墓葬年(nian)代(dai)多(duo)為東(dong)漢時期。墓葬一(yi)般距地表2-5米,形制有單室(shi)(shi)、二室(shi)(shi)、三室(shi)(shi)和(he)多(duo)室(shi)(shi)墓。大(da)部(bu)分(fen)為畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)墓。墓室(shi)(shi)采用磚石(shi)結(jie)構,畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)一(yi)般分(fen)布在墓門處,或前室(shi)(shi)的四壁。畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)采用墨線勾勒細(xi)部(bu),然后(hou)剔(ti)地平鏟像(xiang)(xiang)外襯(chen)底,使(shi)得(de)畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)凸(tu)起,增(zeng)強視覺效(xiao)果。畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)內容有神話、歷史故事、建(jian)筑、歌舞宴樂、郊游狩獵、車騎出行等(deng)。一(yi)些畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)上還有紀(ji)年(nian)題記。
考古發掘
墓(mu)群(qun)(qun)分布范圍約2平方公里(li)。1990年(nian)冬,山西(xi)省考古研究所首(shou)次科學發掘3座(zuo)漢(han)(han)畫(hua)(hua)像石墓(mu),出土(tu)42塊漢(han)(han)畫(hua)(hua)像石。1993年(nian)春,又清理3座(zuo)漢(han)(han)畫(hua)(hua)像石墓(mu),出土(tu)17塊漢(han)(han)畫(hua)(hua)像石。同年(nian)馬茂莊左表(biao)墓(mu)被洪(hong)水沖刷出土(tu)后發現該墓(mu)群(qun)(qun),共收(shou)集村民建房時發現的(de)漢(han)(han)畫(hua)(hua)像石6塊。
墓群詳情
畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)分(fen)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)和(he)北部(bu)(bu)兩個(ge)(ge)區域。發掘的(de)(de)(de)6座(zuo)漢(han)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)皆(jie)(jie)出(chu)自于(yu)北部(bu)(bu),有(you)4座(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向南(nan),1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向西,1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向北,且相距不遠。全部(bu)(bu)是磚石(shi)(shi)(shi)混合結構的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬,均(jun)(jun)有(you)較長斜坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(其(qi)中2座(zuo)在近墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)處旁(pang)設一(yi)個(ge)(ge)小室(shi)(shi))。除了1993年春發掘的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)座(zuo)單(dan)室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)外(wai)(wai),其(qi)余均(jun)(jun)為前、后室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(其(qi)中較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前室(shi)(shi)還附有(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)或兩個(ge)(ge)耳室(shi)(shi))。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)以繩紋條(tiao)磚(36×18×6厘米)泥漿錯(cuo)(cuo)縫砌筑,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)內(nei)壁平直或略外(wai)(wai)弧。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)外(wai)(wai)均(jun)(jun)以條(tiao)磚錯(cuo)(cuo)縫封砌。甬道(dao)均(jun)(jun)為并列式拱(gong)券頂(ding),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前室(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)為起(qi)拱(gong)內(nei)收(shou)“四面結頂(ding)”的(de)(de)(de)穹窿頂(ding),后室(shi)(shi)和(he)耳室(shi)(shi)亦為穹窿頂(ding)或拱(gong)券頂(ding)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)地(di)面多為縱向人字形鋪(pu)(pu)地(di)磚,也有(you)錯(cuo)(cuo)縫橫鋪(pu)(pu)條(tiao)磚的(de)(de)(de)地(di)面。 以上(shang)6座(zuo)漢(han)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),每(mei)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)必(bi)有(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)五塊,即門(men)楣石(shi)(shi)(shi)、兩側立(li)框石(shi)(shi)(shi)及兩扇門(men)扉石(shi)(shi)(shi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)容極其(qi)穩定單(dan)純(chun),即門(men)楣石(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)均(jun)(jun)刻畫(hua)(hua)車(che)騎出(chu)行(xing),顯耀(yao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主人生前仕途等級;兩側門(men)框石(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)皆(jie)(jie)刻畫(hua)(hua)東王公(gong)西王母、擁盾持彗(hui)的(de)(de)(de)門(men)吏(li);兩扇門(men)扉石(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)都(dou)刻畫(hua)(hua)朱雀展翅與鋪(pu)(pu)首(shou)銜環。
導游
馬茂(mao)莊墓群的墓葬年(nian)代(dai)多為(wei)東(dong)漢時(shi)期。墓葬一(yi)般(ban)距地(di)表2-5米,形制(zhi)有單室、二室、三(san)室和(he)多室墓。大部分為(wei)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓。墓室采用磚石(shi)(shi)結構,畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)一(yi)般(ban)分布在墓門(men)處,或前(qian)室的四(si)壁。畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)采用墨線(xian)勾勒細部,然后剔(ti)地(di)平鏟(chan)像(xiang)外襯底(di),使得畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)凸起,增(zeng)強(qiang)視覺效果。畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)內(nei)容有神(shen)話、歷史故事(shi)、建筑、歌舞宴樂、郊游狩獵、車騎出行等。一(yi)些畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)上還有紀年(nian)題記。
交通
可在當(dang)地包(bao)車或自駕車前往。