南風(feng)(feng)(feng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)灶(zao)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)創意園(yuan)(yuan)擁有國家(jia)重點(dian)保護文(wen)(wen)物(wu)單(dan)(dan)位——南風(feng)(feng)(feng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)灶(zao)及高灶(zao),古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)寮場,明(ming)清古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑群,3000平(ping)方米(mi)全(quan)世界(jie)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)玩(wan)陶中心,石(shi)灣(wan)陶瓷(ci)(ci)博物(wu)館,250畝生(sheng)態公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)、公(gong)仔街(jie)、1973年建(jian)廠(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)建(jian)國陶瓷(ci)(ci)廠(chang)(chang)、東平(ping)河以及石(shi)灣(wan)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)得天獨厚的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、自然資源(yuan)。“給(gei)我(wo)一整天,還(huan)你(ni)一千(qian)年”,在(zai)南風(feng)(feng)(feng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)灶(zao),匯聚了(le)(le)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)龍窯(yao)、古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)榕(rong)、古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑、古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)民居、古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作車、拍(pai)大(da)(da)(da)崗、打草鞋等(deng)傳統工藝精華,又(you)集(ji)合(he)了(le)(le)舞(wu)獅、武術、粵(yue)劇、剪紙等(deng)民間藝術精粹,每天都吸(xi)引了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)批來自全(quan)世界(jie)各地的(de)(de)人們,在(zai)這個世界(jie)陶文(wen)(wen)化(hua)圣(sheng)地尋陶根,找陶魂,體驗博大(da)(da)(da)精深(shen)的(de)(de)中國文(wen)(wen)化(hua)。南風(feng)(feng)(feng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)灶(zao)建(jian)于明(ming)代正德年間(1506-1521)的(de)(de)一座龍窯(yao),五百年來窯(yao)火不絕,生(sheng)產不斷(duan),保存完好(hao),是世界(jie)上持續使用至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)老的(de)(de)龍窯(yao),南風(feng)(feng)(feng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)灶(zao)是歷代窯(yao)改革的(de)(de)定型產物(wu),是陶瓷(ci)(ci)生(sheng)產技術進步的(de)(de)里程碑。至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)仍發(fa)揮現代窯(yao)爐不可替代的(de)(de)獨特功能。2001年與(yu)隔鄰的(de)(de)高灶(zao)一起被(bei)定為國家(jia)重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)(dan)位,并被(bei)載入世界(jie)吉(ji)尼斯記錄。
南(nan)風古灶(zao)、高灶(zao)陶窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)位于(yu)廣東省佛山市禪城區石(shi)灣鎮街道辦(ban)事處忠(zhong)信社區居(ju)委會高廟路6號(hao),始建(jian)于(yu)明代正德年間(jian)(1506-1521年),明清(qing)至(zhi)今多次維(wei)修(xiu),原屬石(shi)灣制陶行(xing)業(ye)之(zhi)水巷(xiang)大(da)盤行(xing)的(de)陶窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。陶窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)依山勢而建(jian),向北(bei)伸展,因窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)口向南(nan),故名南(nan)風灶(zao)(本地人稱窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)灶(zao))。為(wei)避(bi)水患(huan),該窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)于(yu)山坡偏高處,窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)尾(wei)筑石(shi)坎;清(qing)代時石(shi)灣的(de)龍窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)面每年維(wei)修(xiu)一(yi)(yi)次,建(jian)國(guo)后又將窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)口向上(shang)移位約(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)。總長34.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2—2.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),通高1.8—2米(mi)(mi)(mi),亦(yi)以窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)中段高。窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膛(tang)頭(tou)尾(wei)坡度(du)各(ge)不相(xiang)同(tong),以窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)頭(tou)一(yi)(yi)段為(wei)大(da),全(quan)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)平(ping)均(jun)傾斜度(du)為(wei)12度(du),即每米(mi)(mi)(mi)平(ping)均(jun)升高20厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)。西側設窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)門四,一(yi)(yi)般寬(kuan)0.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)、高1.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),作各(ge)段出入窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)用(yong)。東側原有窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)門二,現已封堵不用(yong)。窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)頂厚約(yue)0.25米(mi)(mi)(mi),從窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)頭(tou)至(zhi)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)尾(wei)共29排火眼(yan)(投柴孔),每排相(xiang)距0.85—1米(mi)(mi)(mi),除(chu)靠窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)口一(yi)(yi)排為(wei)三個外(wai),余均(jun)五個火眼(yan),間(jian)距0.35-0.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。該窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)屬古代制陶業(ye)大(da)行(xing)“水巷(xiang)大(da)盆(pen)行(xing)”的(de)專業(ye)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),歷來以煅(duan)燒日用(yong)大(da)盆(pen)產(chan)品(pin)為(wei)主。
高(gao)灶(zao)陶(tao)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)位(wei)于南風灶(zao)西側(ce),因地處高(gao)廟(miao)(即福(fu)善祠)之背后,故(gu)稱(cheng)“高(gao)灶(zao)” 。該灶(zao)始建(jian)確切年代(dai)不(bu)詳,其建(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)位(wei)置較南風灶(zao)為(wei)(wei)理想(xiang),且毋需加筑石坎,因而(er)始建(jian)年代(dai)似比南風灶(zao)要早,應是(shi)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)沿用(yong)至今的(de)古龍(long)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)。窯(yao)(yao)(yao)之形制及(ji)坡度與(yu)南風灶(zao)近似,窯(yao)(yao)(yao)向(xiang)正南,左(zuo)側(ce)設(she)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)門四,右側(ce)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)門三,窯(yao)(yao)(yao)內結構如圓(yuan)拱隧道,以(yi)小(xiao)型砂(sha)磚砌成。窯(yao)(yao)(yao)膛(tang)平面略呈(cheng)船(chuan)底形,總(zong)長32米(mi)(mi)(mi),窯(yao)(yao)(yao)口(kou)、中段及(ji)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)尾寬度分別為(wei)(wei)1.85米(mi)(mi)(mi)、2.25和2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),內通(tong)高(gao)1.80-1.95米(mi)(mi)(mi)。窯(yao)(yao)(yao)頂厚(hou)約(yue)0.25米(mi)(mi)(mi),窯(yao)(yao)(yao)面原有(you)42排(pai)火(huo)眼,建(jian)國后改為(wei)(wei)26排(pai),除窯(yao)(yao)(yao)口(kou)一(yi)排(pai)3個外余均5個火(huo)眼。明(ming)(ming)清時(shi)期(qi)該窯(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)陶(tao)業大行“水巷大盆行”的(de)專(zhuan)業龍(long)窯(yao)(yao)(yao),歷來以(yi)煅(duan)燒大盆類產品為(wei)(wei)主。
南風古灶(zao)、高(gao)灶(zao)陶窯(yao)對研究(jiu)明(ming)清時期制(zhi)陶業的(de)專(zhuan)業化(hua)生產、龍(long)窯(yao)形制(zhi)結構以及(ji)煅燒技術的(de)演變等一(yi)系列問(wen)題,有(you)十分重(zhong)要的(de)歷史和科(ke)學研究(jiu)價值(zhi)。2001年國務院公布為第五批重(zhong)點文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位。