麗澤書院為南宋(song)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)思想(xiang)家、史學(xue)家、文學(xue)家、教育家呂(lv)祖(zu)謙(1137-1181,金華人)講學(xue)會友之(zhi)所,設(she)于宋(song)乾道初(chu)(約1165-1166)。“其地(di)在(zai)光孝觀側(清金華縣學(xue)后,今市內一覽亭東北),四(si)方學(xue)者(zhe)皆(jie)受業于此”(宋(song)·樓鑰《東萊呂(lv)太史祠(ci)堂記》)。因(yin)屋前(qian)臨二(er)湖,故取堂名(ming)(ming)為“麗澤”,人稱“麗澤書堂”。
金(jin)華明(ming)(ming)招山。南宋(song)(song)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙兄(xiong)弟授(shou)徒講學(xue)(xue)(xue)之所(suo)。常(chang)邀永(yong)嘉學(xue)(xue)(xue)派的薛季(ji)宣(xuan)、陳(chen)傅良、葉適和永(yong)康學(xue)(xue)(xue)派的陳(chen)亮(liang)等來(lai)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)切磋、探討(tao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)問。編(bian)著《東萊左氏博議》、《近思錄》(與朱熹合著)等,供生(sheng)徒學(xue)(xue)(xue)習。手訂規約,規定“凡與此(ci)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe),以(yi)講求(qiu)經(jing)旨(zhi)、明(ming)(ming)理躬行(xing)為本(ben)。肄(yi)業必有(you)常(chang),日(ri)記所(suo)習于(yu)簿,多(duo)寡(gua)隨意”。“凡有(you)所(suo)疑,專置冊記錄,同(tong)志異時(shi)相會,出(chu)所(suo)習及所(suo)疑,互相商榷”。“一時(shi)士人傾心向(xiang)往,道統學(xue)(xue)(xue)派燦然昌(chang)明(ming)(ming),名(ming)儒蔚(yu)興,踵武相接(jie),天下稱婺州為小(xiao)鄒魯。”金(jin)華學(xue)(xue)(xue)派得以(yi)創立。麗澤書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)遂與岳麓、白鹿洞(dong)、象山并(bing)列而稱南宋(song)(song)四大書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)。呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙去世后(hou),弟呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)儉承兄(xiong)志傳道講學(xue)(xue)(xue)。嘉定元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1208),經(jing)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)氏門(men)人請(qing)求(qiu),官府重(zhong)修(xiu)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),建呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙祀室(shi)和收藏其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)前著作(zuo)的遺(yi)書(shu)(shu)閣,并(bing)開始(shi)刊刻(ke)圖書(shu)(shu),其(qi)(qi)中紹定三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1230)刻(ke)印(yin)的司馬光《切韻指掌圖》至今猶存,是宋(song)(song)版書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)的珍(zhen)本(ben)書(shu)(shu)。端平間呂(lv)(lv)(lv)氏門(men)人又將呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙祀室(shi)改建為呂(lv)(lv)(lv)成公(gong)祠,以(yi)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)儉配(pei)祀。淳祐六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1246),知州許應龍遷書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)雙溪之畔,理宗御賜匾(bian)額(e)。咸(xian)淳間又遷至旌孝門(men)外印(yin)光寺故(gu)址。宋(song)(song)末(mo)元(yuan)初,著名(ming)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)何基(ji)、王柏、金(jin)履祥(xiang)先后(hou)任山長、主講,四方來(lai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)甚(shen)眾。明(ming)(ming)嘉靖十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1535),巡(xun)按御史(shi)張(zhang)景命金(jin)華府通判汪防重(zhong)修(xiu)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),供祀朱熹、張(zhang)栻、呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙。毀于(yu)明(ming)(ming)末(mo)。
呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)謙這一(yi)講(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)(xue)會友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)所,系其曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)父東(dong)萊(lai)郡(jun)侯呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)好(hao)問于(yu)(yu)建炎(yan)年間宋(song)室南遷(qian)(qian)時攜全家自開封遷(qian)(qian)居(ju)金華時所借(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)官屋(wu)。后呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)謙將此屋(wu)歸還官府,另(ling)置新居(ju)于(yu)(yu)城之(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)隅,而講(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)(xue)會友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)所麗澤(ze)(ze)堂也隨之(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)移。以探(tan)討學(xue)(xue)術、交(jiao)流思想。呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)謙為麗澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)堂制訂了(le)學(xue)(xue)規,并以“孝悌、忠(zhong)信、明理(li)、躬(gong)行”為基(ji)本準(zhun)則(ze),學(xue)(xue)生中如有“親在(zai)別(bie)居(ju)、親沒不(bu)葬、因喪(sang)婚聚(ju)、宗(zong)俟訟財(cai)、侵犯公財(cai)、喧(xuan)噪場屋(wu)、游(you)蕩不(bu)檢”等(deng)行為者(zhe),即(ji)令其退學(xue)(xue)。他還為書(shu)堂編著(zhu)了(le)《東(dong)萊(lai)左氏博議》(二十五卷)、《近思錄(lu)》(十四卷)等(deng)教材。書(shu)院(yuan)以“講(jiang)(jiang)求經旨(zhi),明理(li)躬(gong)行”為本。教學(xue)(xue)采用個(ge)別(bie)鉆研、相(xiang)(xiang)互問答與集眾(zhong)講(jiang)(jiang)解相(xiang)(xiang)結合的方法,切(qie)磋(cuo)、研討之(zhi)(zhi)風甚盛。書(shu)院(yuan)每月授課2-3次(ci),一(yi)年舉行一(yi)次(ci)考試。呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)謙的嫡傳弟子即(ji)有呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)儉、葉邽、樓昉(fang)、喬(qiao)行簡、王(wang)瀚、戚如琥、王(wang)深源、李大有等(deng)89人。至淳熙八年(1181)8月,呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)謙謝世,麗澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)堂便由其弟呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)儉主(zhu)持。
麗澤(ze)書院,原(yuan)名麗澤(ze)堂,亦(yi)叫麗澤(ze)書堂。為南宋(song)著名思想家(jia)、史學家(jia)、文(wen)學家(jia)、教育(yu)家(jia)呂(lv)祖謙(1137-1181,金華人)講學會(hui)友(you)之所(suo),設于宋(song)乾(qian)道(dao)初(約1165-1166)。
宋(song)孝宗乾道、淳(chun)熙時(shi)期,呂(lv)(lv)祖謙與朱(zhu)熹(xi)、張(zhang)栻齊名,被稱為“東(dong)南三賢”。呂(lv)(lv)祖謙是金華(hua)學派(pai)的(de)奠基人,并開南宋(song)浙東(dong)學派(pai)之(zhi)(zhi)先聲(sheng)。他除自己在麗澤(ze)書堂教授生徒(tu)、著(zhu)書立說外,還(huan)先后邀(yao)請(qing)當時(shi)的(de)著(zhu)名學者朱(zhu)熹(xi)、張(zhang)栻、陸九淵、陸九齡(ling)、薛(xue)季(ji)宜、葉(xie)適、陳亮等(deng)前來講學,以探討學術、交流思想。后呂(lv)(lv)祖謙將此屋(wu)歸還(huan)官府,另置(zhi)新居于城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)北隅,而講學會友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)所麗澤(ze)堂也(ye)隨之(zhi)(zhi)北移。
麗(li)澤諸儒的理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術活動,貫穿在(zai)整個“麗(li)澤”的歷(li)史變遷過程中(zhong)。由于當時呂(lv)祖(zu)(zu)謙正在(zai)嚴陵(今建德)任職,麗(li)澤堂的執(zhi)教由朱(zhu)熹門(men)人潘(pan)(pan)叔度、潘(pan)(pan)叔昌(chang)和(he)呂(lv)祖(zu)(zu)儉(jian)、呂(lv)祖(zu)(zu)泰及金華一批(pi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)擔任。至宋(song)慶元二(er)年(nian)(公(gong)元1196年(nian),呂(lv)祖(zu)(zu)謙死后14年(nian)),宰相韓(han)胄,為排除(chu)異己,把南宋(song)興起的理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)誣作“偽(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)”,嚴加禁(jin)止,史稱“慶元黨案”。被迫害坐(zuo)罪朝廷大(da)臣和(he)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)名儒多達(da)59人。呂(lv)學(xue)(xue)(xue)也在(zai)禁(jin)案之列(lie)。呂(lv)祖(zu)(zu)儉(jian)、呂(lv)祖(zu)(zu)泰均(jun)遭(zao)逐放。時隔(ge)10年(nian),即宋(song)開禧二(er)年(nian)(公(gong)元1206年(nian)),宋(song)寧宗詔殺了韓(han)胄。黨案也獲昭(zhao)雪。
金華一批士代大(da)夫和呂(lv)(lv)氏(shi)門人向郡里呈(cheng)詞,建(jian)議將呂(lv)(lv)祖謙(qian)祖父呂(lv)(lv)中(zhong)租住過的位于金華城(cheng)的公屋劃出一半,為呂(lv)(lv)祖謙(qian)建(jian)祠(ci)紀(ji)念。知郡李(li)大(da)異撥(bo)巨款并派(pai)得力官員主(zhu)董(dong)修建(jian),專藏呂(lv)(lv)氏(shi)著述,并設一書院,匾(bian)懸(xuan)“麗澤書院”,旨存“麗澤堂(tang)”舊名。
王柏逝(shi)后七(qi)年,南宋滅亡(wang),麗澤書(shu)院(yuan)則(ze)由金(jin)履(lv)祥司講(jiang)。金(jin)履(lv)祥系何基弟子,為金(jin)華(hua)學派(pai)之中(zhong)堅。宋亡(wang)后,他(ta)即隱居不(bu)仕,專心(xin)講(jiang)學于麗澤書(shu)院(yuan),兼(jian)事著述,繼續傳授和(he)發展"婺學",并積極培養后繼者(zhe),直至(zhi)逝(shi)世。元(yuan)代著名學者(zhe)許(xu)謙(金(jin)華(hua)人(ren))、柳貫(蘭溪人(ren))即出其(qi)門人(ren)。
至(zhi)元(yuan)三(san)十一年(nian)(nian)(1294),官府(fu)對麗(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)進行了大修(xiu),并由王龍(long)澤(ze)(ze)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)《修(xiu)麗(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)記(ji)(ji)》勒于石(shi)。大德(de)年(nian)(nian)間(1297-1307),書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)毀(hui)于大火,后(hou)至(zhi)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)間(1335-1340)曾重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)。元(yuan)末又毀(hui)于火。明(ming)天順年(nian)(nian)間(1457-1464),呂(lv)(lv)代后(hou)裔(yi)呂(lv)(lv)濟晟、呂(lv)(lv)重(zhong)(zhong)濂重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),并追回被(bei)占學(xue)田。到明(ming)代成化(hua)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1467),浙江都(dou)指揮(hui)使(shi)司(si)僉事(shi)辛訪又命(ming)金華知(zhi)府(fu)李嗣負責(ze)重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)麗(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),時(shi)人魏驥撰(zhuan)(zhuan)有《重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)麗(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)碑(bei)記(ji)(ji)》記(ji)(ji)其事(shi)。嘉靖(jing)十四年(nian)(nian)(1536),巡按(an)御史張(zhang)景又命(ming)金華府(fu)通判汪昉負責(ze)重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)麗(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)。并由麗(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)供祀同創道(dao)學(xue)于婺州的(de)朱熹(xi)、張(zhang)栻、呂(lv)(lv)祖謙(qian)三(san)位理學(xue)大師。時(shi)呂(lv)(lv)氏子孫又將原在光孝(xiao)觀北的(de)呂(lv)(lv)成公祠遷建(jian)至(zhi)分守道(dao)右(清麗(li)(li)(li)正書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)后(hou),今將軍路道(dao)前北)。至(zhi)明(ming)末,麗(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)終因遭兵燹而(er)毀(hui)。自(zi)南宋始建(jian)麗(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)堂算起(qi),歷(li)經元(yuan)明(ming),麗(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)共存478年(nian)(nian)。
南宋“婺學(xue)(xue)(xue)”文(wen)化精粹——呂(lv)祖謙的(de)大量著述,一直(zhi)珍藏(zang)(zang)在金(jin)(jin)華(hua)麗(li)澤書(shu)(shu)院的(de)藏(zang)(zang)書(shu)(shu)閣里,到清乾(qian)隆年間,被(bei)紀(ji)曉嵐征集(ji),編進(jin)了《四庫全書(shu)(shu)》。當我們(men)從事(shi)呂(lv)祖謙理學(xue)(xue)(xue)文(wen)化研究(jiu)時,往往會見有“明招學(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)”、“麗(li)澤諸儒”之分。“明招學(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)”指的(de)是(shi)從學(xue)(xue)(xue)呂(lv)祖謙于武義明招山(shan)的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)成弟子;“麗(li)澤諸儒”指的(de)是(shi)從學(xue)(xue)(xue)呂(lv)祖謙、呂(lv)祖儉、呂(lv)祖泰和(he)活動(dong)于金(jin)(jin)華(hua)“麗(li)澤堂(tang)”和(he)“麗(li)澤書(shu)(shu)院”,繼(ji)承(cheng)“金(jin)(jin)華(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)派”文(wen)化的(de)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)名流(liu)。
由于呂(lv)(lv)祖謙(qian)“丁憂”期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian),曾(ceng)在(zai)武義(yi)明招(zhao)山(shan)幾度聚徒講學(xue)。因呂(lv)(lv)氏世家在(zai)宋代曾(ceng)有(you)五代為(wei)相,一門17人中(zhong)進士(shi),呂(lv)(lv)氏家學(xue)聲望名(ming)揚全(quan)國。故此(ci),呂(lv)(lv)祖謙(qian)在(zai)明招(zhao)山(shan)服喪期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian),弟子越(yue)(yue)聚越(yue)(yue)多(duo)(duo)(duo),甚(shen)至出州、郡之(zhi)外,盛(sheng)況非凡。其學(xue)子多(duo)(duo)(duo)到什么程度?門生鞏(gong)豐有(you)詩說:“同門至千百”。另一門人陳良祐在(zai)詩中(zhong)說:“門生數百人”。有(you)據可考,明招(zhao)諸生中(zhong)成(cheng)鴻儒(ru)名(ming)宦達(da)20多(duo)(duo)(duo)人,嫡傳(chuan)弟子80多(duo)(duo)(duo)人,有(you)造詣者150多(duo)(duo)(duo)人,其中(zhong)《嘉慶武義(yi)縣(xian)志》列名(ming)武義(yi)籍的明招(zhao)學(xue)者有(you)10人。這也造成(cheng)了(le)呂(lv)(lv)祖謙(qian)曾(ceng)在(zai)武義(yi)明招(zhao)山(shan)創(chuang)辦了(le)“麗澤書(shu)院”的假象。
呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙逝世后二十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(嘉定(ding)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),1208),呂(lv)(lv)(lv)氏(shi)門(men)(men)人(ren)(ren)請求官府將(jiang)位于光(guang)孝(xiao)觀(guan)旁的(de)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)氏(shi)舊(jiu)居(ju)(屬官屋(wu))之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)半(ban)辟為一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)堂(tang)(tang),以供祀(si)(si)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙。州(zhou)(zhou)官李大(da)異同意此請,并出錢五十(shi)萬,于此重(zhong)修(xiu)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)堂(tang)(tang)和(he)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙祀(si)(si)室(shi)。共建(jian)屋(wu)十(shi)余楹,其中外門(men)(men)五間(jian),祀(si)(si)室(shi)及前軒各(ge)(ge)三間(jian)。前為一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)堂(tang)(tang),上懸“麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”匾(bian)額;后為“遺(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)閣”,即用來庋藏呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙生(sheng)前之(zhi)作。至(zhi)端平年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1234-1236),呂(lv)(lv)(lv)氏(shi)門(men)(men)人(ren)(ren)又(you)將(jiang)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內的(de)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙祀(si)(si)室(shi)改(gai)建(jian)為“呂(lv)(lv)(lv)成公祠”,主祀(si)(si)成公呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙,配祀(si)(si)忠公呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)儉。到淳祐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)丙午(1246),婺州(zhou)(zhou)知(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)許應(ying)龍對麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進行了(le)重(zhong)建(jian),并遷(qian)雙(shuang)溪之(zhi)畔,奏請宋理宗趙昀御(yu)賜匾(bian)額。寶祐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1253-1258年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙門(men)(men)人(ren)(ren)時(shi)(shi)少章(金華(hua)人(ren)(ren))任麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山長(chang)(chang)(書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主持者(zhe)(zhe))。景(jing)定(ding)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1264年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),又(you)請著(zhu)名(ming)學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)何基(金華(hua)人(ren)(ren))任麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山長(chang)(chang)。后著(zhu)名(ming)學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)王柏(金華(hua)人(ren)(ren))任麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)講(jiang)席,當時(shi)(shi)金華(hua)城(cheng)鄉的(de)許多耆老碩德者(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)來書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)執弟子(zi)之(zhi)禮。宋末咸(xian)淳乙丑(1265),麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)又(you)遷(qian)至(zhi)旌孝(xiao)門(men)(men)(俗稱義烏門(men)(men))外印光(guang)寺故址(今城(cheng)東麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)弄(nong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶),此后院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)址未變。總之(zhi),呂(lv)(lv)(lv)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謙開(kai)創的(de)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),不(bu)僅(jin)是(shi)金華(hua)學(xue)派的(de)發祥(xiang)地和(he)培養人(ren)(ren)才的(de)基地,而且有許多麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)弟子(zi)還把麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)之(zhi)學(xue)傳播(bo)于各(ge)(ge)地,促進了(le)新舊(jiu)學(xue)派的(de)產生(sheng)和(he)發展,促進了(le)南宋兩(liang)浙(zhe)學(xue)術文化的(de)繁(fan)榮(rong),天(tian)下稱婺州(zhou)(zhou)為“小鄒魯”。因此全祖(zu)(zu)(zu)望在《鮚埼亭集外編》卷四(si)十(shi)五將(jiang)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)澤(ze)(ze)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)岳麓、白鹿洞、象山書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并稱為南宋四(si)大(da)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。
屬(shu)亞熱帶季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候,春早而(er)暖,夏長而(er)熱,秋爽而(er)短(duan),冬濕(shi)而(er)寒,四(si)季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明,年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫18℃左右(you),有明顯的干濕(shi)季(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)分。時(shi)至(zhi)6月,常有連(lian)綿數日甚至(zhi)數月的降(jiang)雨,避開梅(mei)雨季(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)皆可出行(xing)。