產品介紹
甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)歷史(shi)悠久,是(shi)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)最古老的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物之(zhi)一(yi)。據《甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)》記(ji)(ji)(ji)載:“1978年(nian)(nian),在(zai)巴塘(隸(li)屬甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou))考古發(fa)(fa)現公元前2世紀黃河上游青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)海、甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)肅文化(hua)(hua)色彩的(de)(de)(de)古墓遺書,《隋書附國(guo)傳(chuan)》中有(you)(you)‘土宜小麥、青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)’的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載,甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)文字記(ji)(ji)(ji)載的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)在(zai)1400年(nian)(nian)以上。”青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物之(zhi)一(yi),也是(shi)藏(zang)族人(ren)民生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)不(bu)可(ke)替代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)主(zhu)(zhu)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),其(qi)分(fen)布緯(wei)度和(he)(he)(he)海拔上限都(dou)較其(qi)他糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)歷居州(zhou)(zhou)糧(liang)作(zuo)(zuo)首位。 甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)伴隨著(zhu)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)酒文化(hua)(hua)流傳(chuan)了(le)上千(qian)年(nian)(nian)。在(zai)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou),人(ren)們主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)將甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)籽粒炒熟磨粉后制成(cheng)糌粑食(shi)(shi)用,在(zai)特殊的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)區,烹食(shi)(shi)非常方(fang)便,也能夠很好(hao)地(di)滿足人(ren)體所(suo)需(xu)營(ying)養(yang)成(cheng)分(fen),深(shen)受甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)喜愛。甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)籽粒也是(shi)優良的(de)(de)(de)精飼料,對育(yu)(yu)肥牲畜有(you)(you)很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用,其(qi)秸稈是(shi)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)飼草,質(zhi)地(di)柔和(he)(he)(he),對高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)區牲畜的(de)(de)(de)越冬具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。同時,甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)營(ying)養(yang)豐富,是(shi)釀造(zao)工業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)工業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)(yuan)料,具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)條件和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)必需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)雙重不(bu)可(ke)替代(dai)性。 甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)現建有(you)(you)全國(guo)唯(wei)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)地(di)、全國(guo)第一(yi)個青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)(yu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)和(he)(he)(he)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)(yu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)。2001年(nian)(nian),“青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)地(di)建設(she)”通過(guo)農業(ye)部驗收,每年(nian)(nian)可(ke)提(ti)供青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20-30萬噸(dun)。2002年(nian)(nian),青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)(yu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)建設(she)批準立項,該項目已完成(cheng)各項建設(she)內容,于2005年(nian)(nian)通過(guo)省農業(ye)廳驗收。近年(nian)(nian)來(lai),甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)按照區域化(hua)(hua)、規模化(hua)(hua)、標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,打造(zao)特種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)核心產(chan)(chan)(chan)區,形成(cheng)了(le)康北、康南優質(zhi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)帶(dai),集中推廣(guang)康青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)6號、7號等新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)覆蓋率達到(dao)(dao)90%以上,測(ce)土配方(fang)施肥60萬畝次。通過(guo)落實各項技術措施,青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)單產(chan)(chan)(chan)從(cong)135公斤提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到(dao)(dao)180公斤,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達到(dao)(dao)45萬畝,總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量達到(dao)(dao)7.38萬噸(dun),在(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)上自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)了(le)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)系列酒,與四(si)川大(da)學合作(zuo)(zuo)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)了(le)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)苗粉膠(jiao)囊。 甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)各級黨委、政府高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度重視(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),利用生(sheng)(sheng)態、資源、區位優勢(shi),把青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)當地(di)特色效益(yi)農業(ye)支柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)之(zhi)一(yi)。到(dao)(dao)2015年(nian)(nian),甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)將達到(dao)(dao)50萬畝,產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達2.5億元,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)市場(chang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)空間廣(guang)闊,為(wei)民族地(di)區經濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、社會穩定、民族團結、改善(shan)農牧民生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)脫貧(pin)致(zhi)富起(qi)到(dao)(dao)積(ji)(ji)極作(zuo)(zuo)用。
自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
甘孜(zi)青(qing)(qing)稞產區(qu)地處青(qing)(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)東南緣(yuan),地勢北高(gao)(gao)南低(di)、中(zhong)部突(tu)起,河(he)谷深切,山(shan)川平(ping)(ping)行相(xiang)見,現(xian)代冰川發育。產區(qu)土(tu)壤屬青(qing)(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)(gao)寒地區(qu)的(de)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)土(tu)壤群系,以褐土(tu)、棕壤為主,pH值5.0-7.5,自然肥力水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao),有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)豐(feng)富,速效養分低(di),熟化程度低(di),土(tu)層薄,坡度大(da)(da),熱量(liang)不(bu)足,適(shi)(shi)合青(qing)(qing)稞生(sheng)長。 甘孜(zi)青(qing)(qing)稞是(shi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)特(te)殊氣候和種植環境形成的(de)區(qu)域性(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu),與(yu)其它禾谷類作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)相(xiang)比,具有(you)更強的(de)適(shi)(shi)應不(bu)良(liang)環境與(yu)抗(kang)逆生(sheng)存能力。甘孜(zi)青(qing)(qing)稞產區(qu)大(da)(da)陸性(xing)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)地季(ji)風(feng)氣候明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(從低(di)到(dao)高(gao)(gao)跨越6個氣候帶(dai)),晝夜(ye)溫差大(da)(da),氣溫低(di),冬季(ji)漫長,四(si)季(ji)不(bu)分明(ming)(ming),無霜期短(duan),降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)較(jiao)少,干雨(yu)季(ji)分明(ming)(ming),光照(zhao)強度大(da)(da),日照(zhao)豐(feng)富。冬半年寒冷、干燥、降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)稀少、多(duo)大(da)(da)風(feng),夏半年氣溫不(bu)高(gao)(gao)且涼爽、降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)、多(duo)夜(ye)雨(yu)和冰雹。產區(qu)地處高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan),太陽(yang)輻射(she)強,日照(zhao)充足,年日照(zhao)時數1900-2600小(xiao)時,日照(zhao)百分率45%-60%,年總輻射(she)量(liang)5500-7000兆(zhao)焦耳/平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米,年平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)320-920毫(hao)米,氣溫適(shi)(shi)宜,水(shui)(shui)熱季(ji)節與(yu)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)長同季(ji),特(te)別有(you)利于甘孜(zi)青(qing)(qing)稞的(de)干物(wu)質(zhi)積累(lei)。
地域范圍
甘孜青稞農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)志地域保(bao)護范圍包括四川省(sheng)甘孜藏族(zu)自(zi)治州康定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、九(jiu)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、道(dao)孚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、爐霍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘孜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新(xin)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、白玉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石渠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、色達(da)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、理塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴(ba)塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄉城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、稻城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、得榮縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等17個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),地理坐標(biao)(biao)為東經97°22'-102°29',北(bei)緯27°58'-34°20',東與(yu)(yu)雅安市(shi)接壤,南與(yu)(yu)涼山彝族(zu)自(zi)治州、云南省(sheng)毗鄰,西(xi)與(yu)(yu)西(xi)藏藏族(zu)自(zi)治區交界,北(bei)與(yu)(yu)阿壩藏族(zu)羌族(zu)自(zi)治州、青海(hai)省(sheng)相(xiang)連。保(bao)護面積50萬畝,年(nian)產(chan)量8.17萬噸。
品質特性特征
(1)外在感官(guan)特征:甘孜青稞根系較多;莖直立、空心,表面(mian)光滑,呈綠色(se)(se),成熟后黃(huang)色(se)(se);葉(xie)厚而寬,葉(xie)色(se)(se)較淡(dan);種子(zi)大而飽滿,籽粒裸露,與穎殼(ke)完全分離,有橢圓(yuan)形(xing)、菱(ling)形(xing)和錐形(xing)等,顏色(se)(se)多種多樣,有黃(huang)色(se)(se)、綠色(se)(se)、褐色(se)(se)、紫(zi)色(se)(se)及黑色(se)(se)等。
(2)內在品質指標:甘孜青稞總淀粉≥52g/100g,維生素E≥1.0mg/kg,遠高于平(ping)均含量(liang),對(dui)促進人(ren)體健康(kang)發育有(you)著積極作(zuo)用。