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一.產品介紹

2013年(nian)，“涼山(shan)桑蠶(can)繭”評為四川省20大(da)區域公共品牌，品牌價值(zhi)(zhi)11.93億(yi)元。種植基地40.2萬畝，產(chan)量49.09萬擔，綜合(he)產(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)30.37億(yi)元，蠶(can)農收入9億(yi)元，是民族地區經濟(ji)發展(zhan)和農民增收的重要支柱產(chan)業。2013年(nian)12月涼山(shan)州被中國絲(si)綢協(xie)會評為“中國蠶(can)絲(si)之都”。

二.自然生態環(huan)境和(he)人文歷史因(yin)素(su)

（1）土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況：涼(liang)山(shan)州位(wei)于青藏(zang)高原(yuan)東南緣，四川省(sheng)西南部(bu)橫斷(duan)山(shan)區東北部(bu)，區域內地(di)貌(mao)復雜多(duo)樣，以(yi)層狀地(di)貌(mao)發育(yu)。地(di)貌(mao)以(yi)山(shan)地(di)為主，約(yue)占(zhan)幅員面積的(de)80%，山(shan)原(yuan)次之(zhi)，丘(qiu)陵、沖積平原(yuan)、寬谷和斷(duan)陷盆地(di)約(yue)占(zhan)10%。涼(liang)山(shan)州土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)以(yi)紫色土(tu)(tu)(tu)、紅壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃棕壤(rang)、棕壤(rang)為主，占(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)總面積的(de)80％，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)結(jie)構好，土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚且(qie)疏(shu)松，透氣性好，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)微酸，pH值在(zai)5.8-7.5之(zhi)間，養分(fen)含(han)(han)量(liang)較高，有(you)機質含(han)(han)量(liang)1～4%，堿(jian)解氮和速效鉀含(han)(han)量(liang)豐富，堿(jian)解氮60～135ppm，速效磷5～25ppm，速效鉀在(zai)50～170ppm以(yi)上，適宜生長優質蠶桑。 

（2）水(shui)文情況：涼山(shan)州境(jing)內(nei)雨量(liang)豐富，河(he)(he)流(liu)縱(zong)橫，山(shan)地水(shui)系發達，除安寧河(he)(he)谷(gu)外，多數為山(shan)地河(he)(he)流(liu)。流(liu)域面積(ji)在100平方公(gong)里(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的大(da)小河(he)(he)流(liu)共(gong)160多條(tiao)，流(liu)域面積(ji)1000平方公(gong)里(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的主要有(you)(you)雅龍江(jiang)等13條(tiao)河(he)(he)流(liu)，其中安寧河(he)(he)是(shi)涼山(shan)州最大(da)的河(he)(he)流(liu)，全長326公(gong)里(li)(li)，流(liu)經州境(jing)內(nei)222公(gong)里(li)(li)，貫穿冕寧、西昌和德(de)昌3個縣市(shi)，共(gong)有(you)(you)大(da)小支流(liu)18條(tiao)，最大(da)支流(liu)有(you)(you)孫(sun)水(shui)河(he)(he)、錦川河(he)(he)、河(he)(he)曲河(he)(he)。 

（3）氣(qi)候情況：涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)州適宜栽桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)廣(guang)闊，有(you)(you)“無地不宜桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，無時(shi)不宜蠶(can)”之(zhi)稱，其(qi)立體氣(qi)候特(te)征明顯，光熱水資源豐富，雨(yu)熱同季，晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)大，農業氣(qi)候條件(jian)比(bi)較優越。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)776mm～1176mm，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)1227～2603h，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)10.1～19℃，≥10℃的(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)4500～5760℃，無霜(shuang)期202.9～346天(tian)。涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)州獨特(te)的(de)干旱(han)兩季分(fen)明、日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)長(chang)、冬(dong)暖夏涼(liang)(liang)、雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)集中等(deng)氣(qi)候特(te)征是栽桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)養蠶(can)最佳適宜區(qu)(qu)(qu)。涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)州蠶(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產區(qu)(qu)(qu)為典(dian)型的(de)亞熱帶(dai)季風氣(qi)候，具有(you)(you)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)較差(cha)小(xiao)（12－14℃），低(di)于四川(chuan)(chuan)盆地1－4℃，氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)日(ri)較差(cha)大（年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)值(zhi)10－14℃），比(bi)四川(chuan)(chuan)盆地大3－6℃。蠶(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14－22℃，比(bi)四川(chuan)(chuan)盆地高(gao)3.8℃，比(bi)南(nan)充地區(qu)(qu)(qu)高(gao)4.5℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)960－1143mm之(zhi)間(jian)，夜雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)75％，白天(tian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)占25％，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)時(shi)間(jian)多集中在5－9月，雨(yu)熱同季、夜雨(yu)晝晴。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對濕度62％－65％。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)數(shu)2200小(xiao)時(shi)－2500小(xiao)時(shi)，比(bi)四川(chuan)(chuan)盆地多825小(xiao)時(shi)－1200小(xiao)時(shi)；比(bi)南(nan)充多900小(xiao)時(shi)－1000小(xiao)時(shi)。≥10℃的(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)5000－7500℃；全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)無霜(shuang)期290天(tian)－360天(tian)。獨特(te)的(de)光熱資源是生(sheng)產優質(zhi)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)繭的(de)有(you)(you)利(li)條件(jian)，涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)種植桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)樹(shu)(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)期長(chang)達(da)290多天(tian)，產葉(xie)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)，桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)樹(shu)(shu)當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)枝條可達(da)4.5米以(yi)上，單(dan)株產葉(xie)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可達(da)4公斤(jin)以(yi)上。寧(ning)南(nan)、會(hui)東、德昌、甘(gan)洛等(deng)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)葉(xie)36片即有(you)(you)0.5公斤(jin)，較四川(chuan)(chuan)內(nei)地產葉(xie)高(gao)一倍以(yi)上。蠶(can)區(qu)(qu)(qu)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)可養4-5季蠶(can)。涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)被國(guo)內(nei)蠶(can)業專家譽為“發展蠶(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)不可多得的(de)一塊寶(bao)地”。 

（4）人(ren)(ren)(ren)文歷史(shi)情況：涼(liang)山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)境內居(ju)住著彝(yi)(yi)、漢、藏、回(hui)、苗、蒙(meng)古、傈僳(su)等(deng)14個世居(ju)民(min)(min)族(zu)，全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總人(ren)(ren)(ren)口約448萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，農民(min)(min)388萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，其中(zhong)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口208萬(wan)(wan)(wan)多人(ren)(ren)(ren)，占總人(ren)(ren)(ren)口的46.5%，是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)最大的彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)聚居(ju)區(qu)。涼(liang)山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)栽(zai)桑(sang)(sang)養(yang)蠶(can)(can)歷史(shi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)早。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)四世紀，“南方絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)綢之路(lu)”途徑涼(liang)山(shan)，沿線人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)受其影響，開(kai)始栽(zai)桑(sang)(sang)養(yang)蠶(can)(can)，所(suo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，稱為“山(shan)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)”，匯入絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)綢之路(lu)。、唐代(dai)蠶(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)盛(sheng)。四川通(tong)志(zhi)食貨(huo)志(zhi)，物產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卷七十四載(zai)：“絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(唐志(zhi))崔(cui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)貢絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)花(hua)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(無和(he)(he)志(zhi))崔(cui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)貢絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)”。在(zai)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)806年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)唐憲(xian)宗元(yuan)和(he)(he)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)即以(yi)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入貢。唐代(dai)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，涼(liang)山(shan)冕寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的瀘寧(ning)(ning)、甘洛的田壩和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)等(deng)地蠶(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)初具規模，有(you)一(yi)定數量(liang)的絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)織品在(zai)市場(chang)交(jiao)易。至明、清代(dai)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)、冕寧(ning)(ning)、會理(li)、越等(deng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)區(qu)栽(zai)桑(sang)(sang)養(yang)蠶(can)(can)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)盛(sheng)。《西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》所(suo)載(zai)：“蠶(can)(can)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)業的發展(zhan)清代(dai)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)盛(sheng)”。民(min)(min)國(guo)期(qi)間(jian)，雖有(you)進(jin)取，但由(you)于社會及經(jing)濟技術(shu)等(deng)原因而(er)無大成(cheng)(cheng)效，乃至衰(shuai)退(tui)。據川康(kang)邊政資料輯要記(ji)載(zai)：“民(min)(min)國(guo)二十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1940年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)、冕寧(ning)(ning)、德昌(chang)(chang)、會理(li)、鹽源、鹽邊、越西(xi)(xi)(xi)、普(pu)格等(deng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)尚有(you)桑(sang)(sang)樹41.38萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)20.69萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)城內和(he)(he)禮州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有(you)10家蠶(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)廠。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)500馱(約37 500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin))，經(jing)云南銷往緬甸等(deng)國(guo)。以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)逐(zhu)漸衰(shuai)退(tui)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)量(liang)下降在(zai)5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左右。1947年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)、德昌(chang)(chang)、冕寧(ning)(ning)、瀘寧(ning)(ning)、鹽邊、普(pu)格和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)農場(chang)、會理(li)農場(chang)共產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)26238公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)41055公(gong)(gong)兩。至1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)量(liang)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)2.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)”。解放(fang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，黨和(he)(he)國(guo)家重(zhong)視(shi)蠶(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)康(kang)省農林廳在(zai)石棉設立蠶(can)(can)業指導(dao)所(suo)，1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)專區(qu)10個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)都開(kai)始栽(zai)桑(sang)(sang)養(yang)蠶(can)(can)。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)已(yi)栽(zai)桑(sang)(sang)114.58萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)，發蠶(can)(can)種4588張，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)10.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，大躍(yue)進(jin)期(qi)間(jian)，蠶(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)受到(dao)(dao)破壞(huai) “文化大革命”開(kai)始，蠶(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)又(you)遭到(dao)(dao)嚴重(zhong)挫(cuo)折。1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)區(qu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)僅有(you)2.92萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。接近解放(fang)前1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)水平(ping)。1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)雖逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)所(suo)恢復，在(zai)1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)區(qu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)仍只(zhi)(zhi)6.91萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。黨的十一(yi)屆三(san)中(zhong)全(quan)會后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，涼(liang)山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)政府為恢復蠶(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，落實獎勵(li)政策，扶持各(ge)(ge)地發展(zhan)栽(zai)桑(sang)(sang)養(yang)蠶(can)(can)。中(zhong)共涼(liang)山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)委設立蠶(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)領導(dao)小組，各(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府固(gu)定專人(ren)(ren)(ren)負責蠶(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，在(zai)重(zhong)點蠶(can)(can)區(qu)設立指導(dao)站(組)。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)上(shang)升到(dao)(dao)15.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)達80.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)寧(ning)(ning)南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)籌建絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)廠，1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)會東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)建成(cheng)(cheng)聯辦(ban)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)廠，促進(jin)了(le)蠶(can)(can)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)快的發展(zhan)。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有(you)12個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)栽(zai)桑(sang)(sang)養(yang)蠶(can)(can)，累計(ji)栽(zai)桑(sang)(sang)12043萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)213.07萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)（4.26萬(wan)(wan)(wan)擔）。

近十(shi)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，特別是“十(shi)五(wu)”以(yi)(yi)來，涼(liang)山蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)入了(le)持(chi)續、快速(su)、健康的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展軌道。年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)平均100萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)（2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)擔(dan)）以(yi)(yi)上(shang)速(su)度遞增(zeng)(zeng)，到(dao) 2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)，涼(liang)山州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)桑(sang)樹種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積達到(dao)35萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達到(dao)37.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)擔(dan)，蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)絲業(ye)(ye)(ye)綜(zong)合產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值12億(yi)元，蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)農收(shou)入4.3億(yi)元。寧(ning)南、會(hui)東(dong)、德昌等縣 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規模不斷擴大(da)(da)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)條(tiao)不斷完(wan)善，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)效(xiao)益不斷提高，成(cheng)為(wei)我州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展農村(cun)經濟，促進(jin)農民增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)的(de)一(yi)大(da)(da)支柱(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。為(wei)確(que)保涼(liang)山優(you)質(zhi)桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)信譽，涼(liang)山州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)技(ji)(ji)術監(jian)督局于(yu)(yu)2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)組織專家制定并發(fa)(fa)(fa)布了(le)《桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)飼育(yu)技(ji)(ji)術規程(cheng)》等6個農業(ye)(ye)(ye)地(di)方標準(zhun)，內(nei)容涵蓋(gai)了(le)育(yu)苗、栽(zai)(zai)桑(sang)、養蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)、蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)分級、收(shou)烘、銷(xiao)售等全過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。涼(liang)山蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)從此走上(shang)了(le)標準(zhun)化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)道路(lu)。生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)規范(fan)化(hua)、標準(zhun)化(hua)。做到(dao)了(le)桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)品種(zhong)優(you)良化(hua)、桑(sang)園栽(zai)(zai)培規范(fan)化(hua)、小(xiao)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)共育(yu)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)、大(da)(da)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)飼養標準(zhun)化(hua)、消毒防病統一(yi)化(hua)。推行了(le)鮮殼(ke)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計價辦(ban)法，實(shi)現了(le)儀評收(shou)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，熱風烘繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)機烘炕，確(que)保了(le)涼(liang)山桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，形成(cheng)了(le)獨具特色的(de)“涼(liang)山蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)模式”蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)水平在全省(sheng)處于(yu)(yu)領先地(di)位。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)全州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)養蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)44萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)張(zhang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)1855萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)（37.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)擔(dan)），占四川省(sheng)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)20％，是四川省(sheng)最大(da)(da)的(de)優(you)質(zhi)桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)國家重要的(de)優(you)質(zhi)桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)。蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)連續六年(nian)(nian)(nian)排名全省(sheng)第(di)一(yi)，蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)在50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)（萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)擔(dan)）以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)有寧(ning)南縣、會(hui)東(dong)縣、德昌縣、西昌市(shi)、普格縣、冕寧(ning)縣、會(hui)理縣等8個縣市(shi)，其中寧(ning)南縣產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)775萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)（15.5）萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)擔(dan)，是四川省(sheng)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)第(di)一(yi)大(da)(da)縣，會(hui)東(dong)縣產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)390萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)（7.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)擔(dan)），德昌縣產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)265萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)（5.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)擔(dan)），為(wei)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)綜(zong)合開發(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)創造(zao)了(le)基(ji)礎條(tiao)件。

2002年(nian)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)、會(hui)(hui)東(dong)縣(xian)(xian)、德昌縣(xian)(xian)、西(xi)(xi)昌市、普格縣(xian)(xian)被列為(wei)(wei)“四川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)第一批優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”建(jian)設(she)項目(mu)縣(xian)(xian)；同(tong)年(nian)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)、會(hui)(hui)東(dong)縣(xian)(xian)、德昌縣(xian)(xian)、普格縣(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)西(xi)(xi)部博(bo)(bo)覽會(hui)(hui)上(shang)被評為(wei)(wei)“名(ming)(ming)優(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)”；2004年(nian)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)南(nan)(nan)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)成功(gong)(gong)注冊“南(nan)(nan)絲(si)(si)(si)路(lu)”牌商標，“南(nan)(nan)絲(si)(si)(si)路(lu)”牌桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)榮獲了(le)“四川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)知名(ming)(ming)品(pin)(pin)牌”、“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)名(ming)(ming)優(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)牌”、“四川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)商標”、“無公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)”等榮譽稱(cheng)號；2005年(nian)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)南(nan)(nan)、會(hui)(hui)東(dong)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)在第二屆中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)西(xi)(xi)部博(bo)(bo)覽會(hui)(hui)上(shang)分(fen)別(bie)被評為(wei)(wei)“金獎”、“優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)獎”；寧(ning)(ning)(ning)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)于(yu)2006年(nian)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)定為(wei)(wei)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)標準化(hua)示范區(qu)”，2007年(nian)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)定為(wei)(wei)東(dong)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)西(xi)(xi)移(yi)“蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)單位”。涼(liang)山(shan)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)以質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)好(hao)，品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)(you)而(er)聞名(ming)(ming)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內外(wai)，其繭(jian)(jian)(jian)形大而(er)勻整，繭(jian)(jian)(jian)層(ceng)厚(hou)實(shi)、繭(jian)(jian)(jian)色潔白、繭(jian)(jian)(jian)依蓬松、外(wai)觀無污物；粒(li)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)絲(si)(si)(si)長≥1100米(mi)，解舒率≥70％，上(shang)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)率≥90％，干正繭(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)車率≥95％，干繭(jian)(jian)(jian)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)層(ceng)率≥50％，深受市場(chang)(chang)(chang)歡迎(ying)，每公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)干正繭(jian)(jian)(jian)銷售價(jia)格高于(yu)四川(chuan)內地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6-8元。，高于(yu)江浙(zhe)1－2元。上(shang)世紀80－90年(nian)代產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠(yuan)銷日(ri)本(ben)、歐美(mei)，后隨著(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)絲(si)(si)(si)制品(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)提(ti)(ti)高，國(guo)(guo)(guo)民生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水品(pin)(pin)提(ti)(ti)高，國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)內桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)價(jia)格相(xiang)同(tong)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)停止(zhi)了(le)出(chu)口，67％桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)銷往四川(chuan)、上(shang)海、江蘇、浙(zhe)江等省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)市。涼(liang)山(shan)不(bu)僅是重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，還是四川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)及供(gong)(gong)應調(diao)節基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。2008年(nian)涼(liang)山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)兩個蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)93.26萬張(zhang)，占全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)37％，成為(wei)(wei)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規模最(zui)(zui)大，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)供(gong)(gong)應基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。涼(liang)山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)2008年(nian)在國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工商行(xing)政管理總局(ju)成功(gong)(gong)注冊了(le)“桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)花”牌商標，西(xi)(xi)昌市蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)從2003年(nian)開始出(chu)口遠(yuan)銷塔(ta)吉(ji)(ji)克斯坦(tan)(tan)，已(yi)(yi)累計出(chu)口桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)21.9萬張(zhang)，塔(ta)吉(ji)(ji)克斯坦(tan)(tan)還派(pai)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)在西(xi)(xi)昌市蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)學習蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，贏得了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)界的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)任(ren)，建(jian)立了(le)長期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)合(he)作關系。涼(liang)山(shan)新建(jian)了(le)設(she)備全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)冷(leng)庫，州(zhou)(zhou)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢站在全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)同(tong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)首(shou)先通過省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢資質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和計量(liang)認證，為(wei)(wei)全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)更加(jia)方便、更加(jia)快捷、更加(jia)安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)。隨著(zhu)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，涼(liang)山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)已(yi)(yi)擁有繅(sao)(sao)絲(si)(si)(si)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)5戶(hu)(hu)，自動繅(sao)(sao)絲(si)(si)(si)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)線30組12000緒，年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)絲(si)(si)(si)1000噸。桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)、蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)、絲(si)(si)(si)系列產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)開發(fa)(fa)取得了(le)新的(de)(de)(de)突破。西(xi)(xi)昌華茂絲(si)(si)(si)綢有限公(gong)(gong)司年(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)1000噸繅(sao)(sao)絲(si)(si)(si)廠(chang)完成選址和項目(mu)設(she)計，德昌元坤綠色食品(pin)(pin)有限公(gong)(gong)司6000噸桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)椹加(jia)工項目(mu)建(jian)成投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)蛹深加(jia)工提(ti)(ti)取活(huo)性(xing)化(hua)合(he)物項目(mu)落戶(hu)(hu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)南(nan)(nan)。為(wei)(wei)涼(liang)山(shan)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)保障。

三.地域范圍

涼山州位(wei)于(yu)四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)西(xi)南部橫斷(duan)山區東北(bei)(bei)(bei)部，青藏高原(yuan)東南緣，界(jie)于(yu)四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)與云南省(sheng)中部高原(yuan)之間(jian)(jian)。地(di)理位(wei)置北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯(wei)26°03′—29°18′，東經100°15′—103°52′之間(jian)(jian)。南北(bei)(bei)(bei)長370公(gong)里(li)(li)，東西(xi)寬360公(gong)里(li)(li)，全州幅員面積6.04萬平方公(gong)里(li)(li)，占四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)的12.5%。涼山桑蠶(can)繭(jian)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標志(zhi)地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護(hu)范圍為涼山州境(jing)內的寧南縣(xian)、會(hui)東縣(xian)、德昌(chang)縣(xian)、西(xi)昌(chang)市(shi)（含西(xi)昌(chang)農(nong)(nong)場）、冕寧縣(xian)、普格縣(xian)、會(hui)理縣(xian)、金陽縣(xian)、甘洛縣(xian)、雷波縣(xian)、喜德縣(xian)、鹽源縣(xian)、布拖縣(xian)等(deng) 13個(ge)縣(xian)市(shi)的211個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮895個(ge)行政村(cun)，保(bao)護(hu)面積3.33萬公(gong)頃(qing)，年產(chan)(chan)桑蠶(can)繭(jian)3000萬公(gong)斤（60萬擔）。

四.產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性特征

（1）外(wai)(wai)觀感(gan)官(guan)特征: 涼山桑(sang)蠶繭(jian)(jian)繭(jian)(jian)形大且勻整，繭(jian)(jian)層(ceng)厚實、繭(jian)(jian)色(se)潔白、繭(jian)(jian)依蓬松、外(wai)(wai)觀無污物，以質量(liang)好，品質優而聞名國內外(wai)(wai)。 

（2）內在品質指標：涼山桑(sang)蠶繭(jian)粒繭(jian)絲(si)(si)長≥1100米(mi)(mi)，解舒(shu)率≥70％，清潔≥98分，潔凈≥94分，毛繭(jian)出(chu)絲(si)(si)率≥38％，解舒(shu)絲(si)(si)長≥780.7米(mi)(mi)，萬米(mi)(mi)吊糙≤3.5次。涼山桑(sang)蠶繭(jian)是繅5A級以上(shang)高品位生(sheng)絲(si)(si)的(de)首選原料。