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一.產品介紹

2013年，“涼山桑蠶(can)繭”評(ping)為四川省20大區域公(gong)共品牌，品牌價值11.93億元。種(zhong)植(zhi)基地(di)40.2萬畝，產量(liang)49.09萬擔，綜合產值30.37億元，蠶(can)農(nong)收入9億元，是民族地(di)區經濟發展和(he)農(nong)民增收的重要支柱產業。2013年12月涼山州被中國絲(si)綢協會(hui)評(ping)為“中國蠶(can)絲(si)之都”。

二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷(li)史因素

（1）土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)地貌情況：涼(liang)山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)位(wei)于青(qing)藏高(gao)原(yuan)東南緣，四川省(sheng)西南部(bu)橫斷山(shan)區(qu)東北部(bu)，區(qu)域內地貌復(fu)雜多(duo)樣，以層狀地貌發育。地貌以山(shan)地為主(zhu)，約占幅員面積的80%，山(shan)原(yuan)次之，丘(qiu)陵、沖積平原(yuan)、寬谷和斷陷盆地約占10%。涼(liang)山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)類型以紫色土(tu)(tu)、紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)為主(zhu)，占土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)總(zong)面積的80％，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)結構好，土(tu)(tu)層深厚且疏松(song)，透氣性好，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)微酸，pH值在5.8-7.5之間，養分含量(liang)較高(gao)，有機(ji)質含量(liang)1～4%，堿解(jie)氮和速(su)效鉀含量(liang)豐富，堿解(jie)氮60～135ppm，速(su)效磷5～25ppm，速(su)效鉀在50～170ppm以上，適宜生長優質蠶桑。 

（2）水文情況：涼山(shan)州境(jing)(jing)內(nei)雨量豐富，河流(liu)(liu)縱橫，山(shan)地(di)水系(xi)發達，除安寧河谷(gu)外，多(duo)數為(wei)山(shan)地(di)河流(liu)(liu)。流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積在100平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)以上的(de)大(da)小(xiao)河流(liu)(liu)共160多(duo)條(tiao)，流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積1000平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)以上的(de)主要有雅龍江等13條(tiao)河流(liu)(liu)，其中安寧河是涼山(shan)州最(zui)大(da)的(de)河流(liu)(liu)，全(quan)長326公(gong)(gong)里(li)，流(liu)(liu)經州境(jing)(jing)內(nei)222公(gong)(gong)里(li)，貫穿冕(mian)寧、西昌(chang)和德昌(chang)3個(ge)縣市，共有大(da)小(xiao)支流(liu)(liu)18條(tiao)，最(zui)大(da)支流(liu)(liu)有孫水河、錦川河、河曲河。 

（3）氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況：涼(liang)(liang)山州適宜(yi)栽桑(sang)(sang)(sang)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)廣闊，有(you)“無地(di)(di)不宜(yi)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)，無時(shi)(shi)不宜(yi)蠶(can)”之稱，其立體氣(qi)候(hou)特征明顯，光熱(re)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富(fu)，雨(yu)(yu)熱(re)同季，晝夜溫差大，農業氣(qi)候(hou)條件比(bi)較(jiao)優越(yue)。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)776mm～1176mm，年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)(shi)數(shu)1227～2603h，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫10.1～19℃，≥10℃的(de)年(nian)(nian)積溫4500～5760℃，無霜(shuang)(shuang)期202.9～346天(tian)。涼(liang)(liang)山州獨(du)(du)特的(de)干旱兩(liang)季分(fen)明、日(ri)照時(shi)(shi)數(shu)長、冬(dong)暖夏涼(liang)(liang)、雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)集中等氣(qi)候(hou)特征是栽桑(sang)(sang)(sang)養(yang)(yang)蠶(can)最佳適宜(yi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。涼(liang)(liang)山州蠶(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)為(wei)典(dian)型的(de)亞熱(re)帶季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)，具有(you)氣(qi)溫年(nian)(nian)較(jiao)差小(xiao)(xiao)（12－14℃），低于四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)1－4℃，氣(qi)溫日(ri)較(jiao)差大（年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值10－14℃），比(bi)四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)大3－6℃。蠶(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫14－22℃，比(bi)四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)高3.8℃，比(bi)南充地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)高4.5℃。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)960－1143mm之間，夜雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)占年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)75％，白天(tian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)占25％，降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)時(shi)(shi)間多(duo)集中在5－9月，雨(yu)(yu)熱(re)同季、夜雨(yu)(yu)晝晴。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)相對(dui)濕度62％－65％。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照數(shu)2200小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)－2500小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，比(bi)四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)多(duo)825小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)－1200小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)；比(bi)南充多(duo)900小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)－1000小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。≥10℃的(de)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)積溫5000－7500℃；全年(nian)(nian)無霜(shuang)(shuang)期290天(tian)－360天(tian)。獨(du)(du)特的(de)光熱(re)資(zi)源(yuan)是生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)優質桑(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)繭(jian)的(de)有(you)利條件，涼(liang)(liang)山種植桑(sang)(sang)(sang)樹(shu)生(sheng)長期長達(da)290多(duo)天(tian)，產(chan)(chan)葉(xie)量(liang)(liang)高，桑(sang)(sang)(sang)樹(shu)當年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)枝條可達(da)4.5米以(yi)上，單株產(chan)(chan)葉(xie)量(liang)(liang)可達(da)4公斤(jin)以(yi)上。寧(ning)南、會東、德昌、甘洛等地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)葉(xie)36片即有(you)0.5公斤(jin)，較(jiao)四(si)川(chuan)內(nei)地(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)葉(xie)高一倍以(yi)上。蠶(can)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一年(nian)(nian)可養(yang)(yang)4-5季蠶(can)。涼(liang)(liang)山被國內(nei)蠶(can)業專家譽為(wei)“發展蠶(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)不可多(duo)得的(de)一塊(kuai)寶地(di)(di)”。 

（4）人(ren)文歷史情況：涼山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)境內(nei)(nei)居(ju)(ju)(ju)住著(zhu)彝、漢、藏、回、苗、蒙古、傈僳等14個世居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)族，全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總人(ren)口(kou)約448萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)，農(nong)民(min)388萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)，其(qi)中彝族人(ren)口(kou)208萬(wan)(wan)(wan)多人(ren)，占總人(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)46.5%，是全(quan)國(guo)最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)彝族聚(ju)居(ju)(ju)(ju)區。涼山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)養(yang)(yang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)歷史較(jiao)(jiao)早。公(gong)元(yuan)四世紀，“南方絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)綢之路”途(tu)徑涼山(shan)，沿(yan)線人(ren)民(min)受(shou)其(qi)影響，開(kai)始栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)養(yang)(yang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)，所(suo)(suo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，稱為“山(shan)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)”，匯入(ru)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)綢之路。、唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)較(jiao)(jiao)盛。四川通志(zhi)食貨(huo)志(zhi)，物產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卷(juan)七十(shi)四載：“絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)布(唐(tang)志(zhi))崔州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)貢(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)布花布(無(wu)(wu)和(he)志(zhi))崔州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)貢(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)布”。在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)元(yuan)806年(nian)(nian)(nian)唐(tang)憲宗元(yuan)和(he)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)即以絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)布入(ru)貢(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)以后(hou)，涼山(shan)冕寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)瀘(lu)寧(ning)(ning)、甘洛的(de)(de)(de)田壩和(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)等地蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)初具規模(mo)，有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)數量的(de)(de)(de)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)織品在(zai)(zai)(zai)市場交(jiao)易。至(zhi)(zhi)明、清(qing)代(dai)(dai)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)、冕寧(ning)(ning)、會理(li)、越(yue)等縣(xian)(xian)(xian)區栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)養(yang)(yang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)較(jiao)(jiao)盛。《西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》所(suo)(suo)載：“蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展清(qing)代(dai)(dai)較(jiao)(jiao)盛”。民(min)國(guo)期間(jian)，雖有(you)(you)(you)進取，但由于社會及經(jing)濟技術等原因而無(wu)(wu)大成(cheng)效，乃至(zhi)(zhi)衰退(tui)。據川康邊政(zheng)資料輯要(yao)記載：“民(min)國(guo)二十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1940年(nian)(nian)(nian))西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)、冕寧(ning)(ning)、德昌(chang)、會理(li)、鹽(yan)源(yuan)、鹽(yan)邊、越(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)、普格(ge)等縣(xian)(xian)(xian)尚有(you)(you)(you)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)樹41.38萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)20.69萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)城內(nei)(nei)和(he)禮(li)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)10家蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)廠(chang)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)500馱(約37 500公(gong)斤(jin))，經(jing)云南銷往(wang)緬甸等國(guo)。以后(hou)逐(zhu)漸衰退(tui)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)量下(xia)降(jiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)左右。1947年(nian)(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)、德昌(chang)、冕寧(ning)(ning)、瀘(lu)寧(ning)(ning)、鹽(yan)邊、普格(ge)和(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)農(nong)場、會理(li)農(nong)場共產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)26238公(gong)斤(jin)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)41055公(gong)兩。至(zhi)(zhi)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)量只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)2.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)”。解放后(hou)，黨(dang)和(he)國(guo)家重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)康省農(nong)林廳在(zai)(zai)(zai)石棉設立(li)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)指(zhi)(zhi)導所(suo)(suo)，1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)專區10個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)都(dou)開(kai)始栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)養(yang)(yang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)已(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)114.58萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)，發(fa)(fa)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種4588張(zhang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)10.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)，1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)，大躍進期間(jian)，蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)受(shou)到破壞 “文化大革(ge)命”開(kai)始，蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)又遭到嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)挫(cuo)折(zhe)。1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)區產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)僅有(you)(you)(you)2.92萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)。接近解放前1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)水平。1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)雖逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)恢復，在(zai)(zai)(zai)1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)區產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)仍只(zhi)6.91萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)一(yi)屆三中全(quan)會后(hou)，涼山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)政(zheng)府為恢復蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，落(luo)實獎(jiang)勵政(zheng)策，扶持各(ge)地發(fa)(fa)展栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)養(yang)(yang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)。中共涼山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)委(wei)設立(li)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)領導小組，各(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府固定(ding)專人(ren)負責蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)區設立(li)指(zhi)(zhi)導站(組)。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上升到15.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)達(da)80.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)。1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)寧(ning)(ning)南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)籌建(jian)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)廠(chang)，1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)會東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)建(jian)成(cheng)聯辦(ban)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)廠(chang)，促進了蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)較(jiao)(jiao)快的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)12個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)養(yang)(yang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)，累(lei)計栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)12043萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)213.07萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)（4.26萬(wan)(wan)(wan)擔(dan)）。

近十多年(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)，特別是“十五”以(yi)來(lai)(lai)，涼(liang)山(shan)(shan)蠶(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進入了(le)(le)(le)持續(xu)、快(kuai)速、健康的(de)發展(zhan)軌(gui)道(dao)。年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)平(ping)均100萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)（2萬(wan)(wan)擔(dan)(dan)）以(yi)上速度遞增，到(dao) 2008年(nian)(nian)，涼(liang)山(shan)(shan)州桑(sang)樹種(zhong)(zhong)植面積達到(dao)35萬(wan)(wan)畝，蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達到(dao)37.1萬(wan)(wan)擔(dan)(dan)，蠶(can)(can)絲業(ye)(ye)(ye)綜合產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值12億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，蠶(can)(can)農(nong)收入4.3億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)。寧南(nan)、會東(dong)(dong)、德昌等縣(xian)(xian)(xian) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)模不斷(duan)擴(kuo)大(da)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)條(tiao)不斷(duan)完善(shan)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)效益(yi)不斷(duan)提高，成(cheng)為我州發展(zhan)農(nong)村經濟，促進農(nong)民增收的(de)一大(da)支(zhi)柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。為確(que)(que)保涼(liang)山(shan)(shan)優質桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和信譽，涼(liang)山(shan)(shan)州技術(shu)(shu)監督局(ju)于2005年(nian)(nian)組織專(zhuan)家制定并(bing)發布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)《桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)飼育技術(shu)(shu)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)》等6個農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)地方標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，內容涵蓋了(le)(le)(le)育苗(miao)、栽(zai)桑(sang)、養蠶(can)(can)、蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)分級、收烘(hong)、銷售等全過程(cheng)(cheng)。涼(liang)山(shan)(shan)蠶(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)從此走上了(le)(le)(le)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)道(dao)路。生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)范化(hua)、標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)。做到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)品種(zhong)(zhong)優良(liang)化(hua)、桑(sang)園栽(zai)培規(gui)范化(hua)、小蠶(can)(can)共育專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)、大(da)蠶(can)(can)飼養標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)、消(xiao)毒防病統一化(hua)。推行了(le)(le)(le)鮮殼量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)價辦法，實現了(le)(le)(le)儀評收繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，熱風烘(hong)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)機烘(hong)炕，確(que)(que)保了(le)(le)(le)涼(liang)山(shan)(shan)桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，形成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)獨具特色的(de)“涼(liang)山(shan)(shan)蠶(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)模式”蠶(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)水(shui)平(ping)在(zai)全省處(chu)于領先地位。2008年(nian)(nian)全州養蠶(can)(can)44萬(wan)(wan)張，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)1855萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)（37.1萬(wan)(wan)擔(dan)(dan)），占四川(chuan)省蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)20％，是四川(chuan)省最(zui)大(da)的(de)優質桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和國(guo)家重要(yao)的(de)優質桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地。蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)連續(xu)六年(nian)(nian)排名全省第一，蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)50萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)（萬(wan)(wan)擔(dan)(dan)）以(yi)上的(de)有寧南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、會東(dong)(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、德昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、西昌市(shi)、普格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、冕寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、會理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)等8個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)，其中(zhong)寧南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)775萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)（15.5）萬(wan)(wan)擔(dan)(dan)，是四川(chuan)省蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)第一大(da)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，會東(dong)(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)390萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)（7.8萬(wan)(wan)擔(dan)(dan)），德昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)265萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)（5.3萬(wan)(wan)擔(dan)(dan)），為蠶(can)(can)桑(sang)綜合開發利用創造了(le)(le)(le)基礎條(tiao)件。

2002年(nian)寧南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)、會(hui)(hui)東(dong)(dong)縣(xian)(xian)、德昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)縣(xian)(xian)、西(xi)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)市(shi)、普格縣(xian)(xian)被列為(wei)(wei)“四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)第一(yi)批優(you)(you)質(zhi)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)基(ji)(ji)地(di)”建設(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)縣(xian)(xian)；同(tong)年(nian)寧南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)、會(hui)(hui)東(dong)(dong)縣(xian)(xian)、德昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)縣(xian)(xian)、普格縣(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)西(xi)部博(bo)覽會(hui)(hui)上(shang)(shang)被評(ping)(ping)為(wei)(wei)“名(ming)(ming)優(you)(you)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)”；2004年(nian)寧南(nan)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)成(cheng)功注(zhu)冊“南(nan)絲(si)路(lu)(lu)”牌(pai)商(shang)標(biao)，“南(nan)絲(si)路(lu)(lu)”牌(pai)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)榮(rong)獲了“四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)知名(ming)(ming)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)”、“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)名(ming)(ming)優(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)”、“四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)著名(ming)(ming)商(shang)標(biao)”、“無(wu)公害農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)”等榮(rong)譽稱號；2005年(nian)寧南(nan)、會(hui)(hui)東(dong)(dong)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)在(zai)第二屆中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)西(xi)部博(bo)覽會(hui)(hui)上(shang)(shang)分別被評(ping)(ping)為(wei)(wei)“金獎(jiang)”、“優(you)(you)質(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)獎(jiang)”；寧南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)于(yu)2006年(nian)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)優(you)(you)質(zhi)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)化示范區(qu)”，2007年(nian)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)西(xi)移“蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)基(ji)(ji)地(di)建設(she)(she)單位”。涼山(shan)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)以質(zhi)量(liang)好(hao)，品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優(you)(you)而(er)聞名(ming)(ming)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內外，其繭(jian)(jian)形大而(er)勻整，繭(jian)(jian)層厚(hou)實、繭(jian)(jian)色(se)潔白、繭(jian)(jian)依(yi)蓬松(song)、外觀(guan)無(wu)污物；粒(li)繭(jian)(jian)繭(jian)(jian)絲(si)長≥1100米，解舒(shu)率≥70％，上(shang)(shang)繭(jian)(jian)率≥90％，干正(zheng)繭(jian)(jian)上(shang)(shang)車率≥95％，干繭(jian)(jian)繭(jian)(jian)層率≥50％，深受市(shi)場(chang)(chang)歡(huan)迎，每公斤干正(zheng)繭(jian)(jian)銷(xiao)售價(jia)格高于(yu)四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)內地(di)6-8元。，高于(yu)江浙1－2元。上(shang)(shang)世紀80－90年(nian)代(dai)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)遠(yuan)銷(xiao)日(ri)本、歐美，后隨著國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)絲(si)制品(pin)(pin)(pin)技術提(ti)高，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活水品(pin)(pin)(pin)提(ti)高，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)價(jia)格相同(tong)，產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)停止了出口，67％桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)銷(xiao)往四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)、上(shang)(shang)海、江蘇、浙江等省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)市(shi)。涼山(shan)不僅是重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)繭(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)，還(huan)(huan)是四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)及供(gong)(gong)應調(diao)節基(ji)(ji)地(di)。2008年(nian)涼山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)兩(liang)個(ge)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)優(you)(you)質(zhi)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)93.26萬張，占全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)37％，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規模最(zui)大，質(zhi)量(liang)最(zui)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)供(gong)(gong)應基(ji)(ji)地(di)。涼山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)2008年(nian)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工商(shang)行政管理總局成(cheng)功注(zhu)冊了“桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)花”牌(pai)商(shang)標(biao)，西(xi)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)市(shi)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)從2003年(nian)開始出口遠(yuan)銷(xiao)塔(ta)吉克斯(si)坦(tan)(tan)，已累計出口桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)21.9萬張，塔(ta)吉克斯(si)坦(tan)(tan)還(huan)(huan)派(pai)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技術人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)西(xi)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)市(shi)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)學習蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術，贏得了國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信任，建立了長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合作關系。涼山(shan)新建了設(she)(she)備全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)冷庫(ku)，州(zhou)(zhou)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)檢(jian)站在(zai)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)同(tong)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)首先通過(guo)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)檢(jian)資質(zhi)和計量(liang)認證，為(wei)(wei)全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了更加(jia)方便、更加(jia)快捷、更加(jia)安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務。隨著蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，涼山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)已擁(yong)有繅絲(si)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)5戶，自(zi)動繅絲(si)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線30組12000緒(xu)，年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)絲(si)1000噸(dun)(dun)。桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)、蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)、絲(si)系列產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)開發(fa)(fa)取得了新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突破(po)。西(xi)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)華茂絲(si)綢(chou)有限(xian)公司年(nian)產(chan)1000噸(dun)(dun)繅絲(si)廠完成(cheng)選址和項(xiang)目(mu)設(she)(she)計，德昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)元坤綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)有限(xian)公司6000噸(dun)(dun)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)椹加(jia)工項(xiang)目(mu)建成(cheng)投產(chan)，蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)蛹深加(jia)工提(ti)取活性化合物項(xiang)目(mu)落(luo)戶寧南(nan)。為(wei)(wei)涼山(shan)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化發(fa)(fa)展提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了保障(zhang)。

三.地域范圍

涼山州(zhou)位于四(si)川省(sheng)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)部橫斷山區(qu)東北部，青藏高原(yuan)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)緣，界于四(si)川盆地與云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)省(sheng)中部高原(yuan)之(zhi)間(jian)。地理位置北緯26°03′—29°18′，東經100°15′—103°52′之(zhi)間(jian)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)北長370公里，東西寬360公里，全州(zhou)幅員面積(ji)6.04萬平方公里，占四(si)川省(sheng)的(de)12.5%。涼山桑蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)農產品地理標志地域保護范圍為涼山州(zhou)境內的(de)寧(ning)(ning)南(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、會東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、德昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、西昌(chang)(chang)市(shi)（含西昌(chang)(chang)農場(chang)）、冕(mian)寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、普格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、會理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、金陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘(gan)洛縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、雷波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、喜(xi)德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、布拖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng) 13個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)的(de)211個(ge)鄉鎮895個(ge)行政村，保護面積(ji)3.33萬公頃，年(nian)產桑蠶(can)(can)繭(jian)3000萬公斤(jin)（60萬擔）。

四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征

（1）外(wai)觀感官特征(zheng): 涼山桑蠶繭(jian)繭(jian)形大(da)且勻整(zheng)，繭(jian)層厚實、繭(jian)色潔白、繭(jian)依(yi)蓬松、外(wai)觀無污物，以質(zhi)量好，品(pin)質(zhi)優(you)而聞名國內外(wai)。 

（2）內在品(pin)質指(zhi)標：涼(liang)山桑蠶(can)繭粒繭絲(si)長≥1100米(mi)，解(jie)舒(shu)率≥70％，清潔≥98分(fen)，潔凈≥94分(fen)，毛繭出絲(si)率≥38％，解(jie)舒(shu)絲(si)長≥780.7米(mi)，萬米(mi)吊糙≤3.5次。涼(liang)山桑蠶(can)繭是繅5A級(ji)以上高品(pin)位生絲(si)的首選原料。