一.產品介紹
山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)九(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian),已有500年栽植歷史。據傳(chuan),明成化年間,由“下湖(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”帶來山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)。受山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)獨特自然環(huan)境影(ying)響,所(suo)產藕橫切面以髓為中心,均勻(yun)分布9個(ge)氣腔,比湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)白(bai)(bai)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)多1-2個(ge),故(gu)稱(cheng)九(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)。相傳(chuan),山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)九(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)曾為貢品(pin)上貢朝廷;人(ren)(ren)(ren)們常(chang)以“色白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)脆(cui)味(wei)香甜,好菜要數九(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)”來稱(cheng)頌山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)九(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)。1985年,山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)陳文彥作(zuo)詩一首贊山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)特產九(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian):色白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)脆(cui)味(wei)香甜,山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)特產九(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)。淡水芙蓉堪稱(cheng)羨,沃泥(ni)佳藕更值錢。
二.自(zi)然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌(mao)情(qing)況:山(shan)陽縣屬秦嶺(ling)(ling)南(nan)坡中、低山(shan)區地形結構,境內(nei)群山(shan)林立,溝壑縱橫,北(bei)部的(de)流(liu)嶺(ling)(ling)、中部的(de)鵑嶺(ling)(ling)、南(nan)部的(de)鄖嶺(ling)(ling)三大山(shan)脈走向東西、橫斷南(nan)北(bei),構成“三山(shan)夾兩川”的(de)嶺(ling)(ling)谷地貌(mao)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)垂直(zhi)地帶(dai)性(xing)分布著水稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)、淤土(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)、褐土(tu)(tu)、黃棕土(tu)(tu)、棕土(tu)(tu)七種類(lei)型。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值6.0-7.5,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)孔隙度50-55%。肥(fei)力中等,有機質含量1.5%,全(quan)氮70mg/kg,速(su)效磷30mg/kg,速(su)效鉀120mg/kg。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:山陽境(jing)內河流(liu)(liu)屬(shu)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系漢江(jiang)(jiang)支流(liu)(liu),河網密度為(wei)1.2公(gong)里/平方公(gong)里,水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)極為(wei)豐富。全(quan)縣有金錢河、銀花河、謝家河等7條主(zhu)要河流(liu)(liu),水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)4座。河流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)長(chang)(chang)共計(ji)158公(gong)里,流(liu)(liu)域面積共計(ji)3400平方公(gong)里。境(jing)內總徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)14.47億立(li)方米,總畜水(shui)(shui)量(liang)432萬立(li)方米。河流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)主(zhu)要來自天(tian)然(ran)降水(shui)(shui),其次為(wei)山澗(jian)泉水(shui)(shui)。河流(liu)(liu)平時(shi)清(qing)澈見底、汛期洪水(shui)(shui)猛增。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)主(zhu)要由降水(shui)(shui)和地(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)入滲(shen)補(bu)給(gei),又以(yi)泉水(shui)(shui)形成出(chu)露,排泄于河流(liu)(liu),轉化為(wei)地(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)和地(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質良好、礦化度小于1克(ke)/升的重碳酸鹽淡水(shui)(shui),pH值5.7-8.5,是理(li)想的工農業(ye)生(sheng)產和生(sheng)活用水(shui)(shui),適合(he)九(jiu)眼(yan)蓮(lian)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。
3、氣候情況:山陽縣屬亞熱帶向(xiang)暖溫帶過渡(du)的(de)(de)季風性半(ban)濕(shi)(shi)潤山地氣候。北(bei)部有(you)秦嶺(ling)主(zhu)脊天(tian)然(ran)屏(ping)障,阻檔減弱冬(dong)(dong)季北(bei)方冷氣團入(ru)侵勢(shi)(shi)力,西(xi)北(bei)東南(nan)走向(xiang)的(de)(de)金錢河谷,有(you)利于夏季偏南(nan)濕(shi)(shi)熱氣流(liu)的(de)(de)伸進(jin),形成了“冬(dong)(dong)無嚴寒,夏無酷(ku)暑”的(de)(de)溫和(he)氣候,年平(ping)均氣溫13.1℃,≥0℃積溫5032.8℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)積溫4142℃,無霜期207天(tian);平(ping)均日照2133.8小(xiao)時(shi),日照率(lv)48%,總(zong)輻射量113千卡/平(ping)方厘米(mi);年平(ping)均降水量709.3毫米(mi)。雨量充(chong)沛、光熱資源(yuan)豐富,境內無大型工礦企業,山青水秀、空(kong)氣清新,生態環境十分優越,發展(zhan)綠色無公害(hai)農產(chan)品(pin)具有(you)得天(tian)獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)自然(ran)條件優勢(shi)(shi)和(he)產(chan)業基(ji)礎。
4、人(ren)文歷史情況:山陽(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)藕祖籍(ji)長(chang)江(jiang)下(xia)游,明成(cheng)化年間隨流民(min)帶入(ru)(ru)山陽(yang),栽(zai)植已(yi)(yi)有五百余(yu)年歷史。受山陽(yang)獨特的(de)(de)生態(tai)環境長(chang)期(qi)影響,其生態(tai)特征(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生變異,外觀地(di)(di)下(xia)莖(jing)橫切面以髓為(wei)中心,均勻分布氣腔9個(ge)以上,比(bi)湖北白蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)多1-2個(ge)眼(yan)(yan),故稱(cheng)山陽(yang)“九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”。山陽(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)生育期(qi)短,色白,肉厚,味香、甜、脆,食后無(wu)渣的(de)(de)特點,人(ren)們常(chang)以“色白質(zhi)脆味香甜,好菜要數九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”來稱(cheng)頌山陽(yang)的(de)(de)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)菜。相傳山陽(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)曾為(wei)貢(gong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)上貢(gong)朝(chao)廷,1988年山陽(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)被錄入(ru)(ru)陜西省地(di)(di)方名優(you)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名錄。山陽(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)已(yi)(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)當(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)特色產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)深(shen)受消費者喜愛,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)銷往西安、商州等地(di)(di),供不(bu)應求。近(jin)(jin)幾年,隨著農(nong)(nong)村經濟的(de)(de)持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和種植業(ye)結構調(diao)整的(de)(de)深(shen)入(ru)(ru),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)潛力(li)和經濟價值日(ri)益增長(chang)。為(wei)此,縣(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)政府歷屆(jie)班子均把九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)產(chan)業(ye)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)作為(wei)區(qu)域產(chan)業(ye)結構調(diao)整、增加農(nong)(nong)民(min)收入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要舉(ju)措來抓。把九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)“十一五”規劃加快發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),要求在(zai)“十一五”末九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)面積要發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)2萬畝,產(chan)值要超億(yi)元,農(nong)(nong)民(min)人(ren)均純收入(ru)(ru)要增加150元。省委(wei)書(shu)記李建(jian)國(guo)多次(ci)到(dao)山陽(yang)來,也一再強調(diao)要把九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)產(chan)業(ye)做大做強,真(zhen)正成(cheng)為(wei)山陽(yang)地(di)(di)道(dao)特色產(chan)業(ye)、優(you)勢(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌產(chan)業(ye)。2003年山陽(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)基(ji)地(di)(di)已(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)省級無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)基(ji)地(di)(di)認(ren)定, 2008年已(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證。目前,全縣(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)8000畝,產(chan)量近(jin)(jin)2萬噸(dun),產(chan)值近(jin)(jin)億(yi)元。山陽(yang)縣(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)政府已(yi)(yi)把九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)確定為(wei)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)特色優(you)勢(shi)產(chan)業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
山陽九眼蓮生產地(di)位于秦(qin)嶺(ling)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)麓, 地(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標為東(dong)(dong)經109°32′-110°20′,北(bei)緯33°42′-39°09′。海拔高度(du)294.1至(zhi)(zhi)2074.4米(mi),相對高差1780米(mi)。東(dong)(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)王閆鄉口頭坪村(cun),西至(zhi)(zhi)戶垣鎮桃(tao)園村(cun),南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)漫(man)川(chuan)關鎮小河口,北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)元子街鎮街道村(cun)。涉及城關鎮的(de)張塬(yuan)村(cun)、五里橋村(cun)等21個鄉鎮、68個村(cun)。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外在(zai)感(gan)官(guan)特征(zheng):藕(ou)身(shen)一般(ban)3-4節,節間長藕(ou)身(shen)大,橫(heng)切(qie)面(mian)九孔(kong)以上,肉厚、潔白、絲長、質地細嫩(nen),口感(gan)甜脆爽滑。
2、安(an)全要求(qiu):山陽九眼蓮執行《無公害食品水生蔬菜(cai)》(NY5238-2005)標(biao)準(zhun)。