一.產品介紹
山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian),已有500年栽(zai)植歷(li)史(shi)。據傳,明成化年間,由“下湖(hu)人(ren)”帶來(lai)山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。受山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)獨特(te)自然環境影響,所產(chan)(chan)藕(ou)橫切面以髓(sui)為中心,均勻(yun)分布9個(ge)氣腔,比(bi)湖(hu)北白蓮(lian)(lian)多(duo)1-2個(ge),故(gu)稱(cheng)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)。相傳,山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)曾(ceng)為貢(gong)品上貢(gong)朝廷;人(ren)們常以“色白質脆(cui)味(wei)香(xiang)甜,好菜要數九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)”來(lai)稱(cheng)頌山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)。1985年,山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)詩(shi)人(ren)陳文彥作詩(shi)一首贊山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)特(te)產(chan)(chan)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian):色白質脆(cui)味(wei)香(xiang)甜,山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)特(te)產(chan)(chan)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼蓮(lian)(lian)。淡水芙蓉堪稱(cheng)羨,沃泥(ni)佳藕(ou)更值錢。
二.自然生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:山陽縣屬秦嶺(ling)南坡中、低山區地(di)(di)形(xing)結構(gou),境內(nei)群山林立,溝(gou)壑縱橫(heng)(heng),北部(bu)的流(liu)嶺(ling)、中部(bu)的鵑嶺(ling)、南部(bu)的鄖嶺(ling)三(san)大山脈走(zou)向東西(xi)、橫(heng)(heng)斷南北,構(gou)成“三(san)山夾兩(liang)川”的嶺(ling)谷地(di)(di)貌。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)垂直地(di)(di)帶(dai)性分布著(zhu)水稻土(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)、淤土(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)、黃棕(zong)土(tu)(tu)、棕(zong)土(tu)(tu)七(qi)種類(lei)型。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值6.0-7.5,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)孔隙度50-55%。肥(fei)力中等,有(you)機(ji)質含量(liang)1.5%,全氮70mg/kg,速效磷30mg/kg,速效鉀(jia)120mg/kg。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):山(shan)陽境(jing)內河(he)流(liu)屬長江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系漢江支流(liu),河(he)網密度為(wei)(wei)1.2公(gong)里(li)/平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源極為(wei)(wei)豐富。全縣(xian)有金錢河(he)、銀花河(he)、謝家(jia)河(he)等7條主要河(he)流(liu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫4座。河(he)流(liu)流(liu)長共計158公(gong)里(li),流(liu)域面積共計3400平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)。境(jing)內總(zong)徑(jing)流(liu)量(liang)14.47億立(li)方(fang)米(mi),總(zong)畜水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)432萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。河(he)流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源主要來自天然降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),其次為(wei)(wei)山(shan)澗(jian)泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。河(he)流(liu)平(ping)時(shi)清澈見底、汛期洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)猛增。地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主要由(you)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)入(ru)滲補給,又以泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)形(xing)成出(chu)露,排泄于河(he)流(liu),轉化為(wei)(wei)地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好、礦化度小于1克/升的(de)重碳酸(suan)鹽淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),pH值(zhi)5.7-8.5,是理想的(de)工農業生(sheng)產(chan)和生(sheng)活(huo)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),適合九(jiu)眼蓮(lian)生(sheng)長。
3、氣(qi)候情況:山(shan)陽(yang)縣屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)向(xiang)暖溫(wen)帶(dai)過渡(du)的(de)季風性半濕潤山(shan)地氣(qi)候。北部(bu)有(you)(you)秦嶺(ling)主脊天然屏障,阻檔(dang)減弱(ruo)冬季北方冷氣(qi)團入(ru)侵勢力,西北東南走向(xiang)的(de)金錢河谷,有(you)(you)利于(yu)夏季偏(pian)南濕熱(re)氣(qi)流的(de)伸進(jin),形成了“冬無(wu)嚴(yan)寒,夏無(wu)酷暑”的(de)溫(wen)和氣(qi)候,年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)13.1℃,≥0℃積(ji)溫(wen)5032.8℃,≥10℃的(de)積(ji)溫(wen)4142℃,無(wu)霜期(qi)207天;平均(jun)日照2133.8小時,日照率48%,總輻射量113千卡/平方厘米;年平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量709.3毫米。雨(yu)量充沛、光(guang)熱(re)資源豐富(fu),境內無(wu)大型工礦企業,山(shan)青水(shui)秀、空氣(qi)清(qing)新,生態(tai)環(huan)境十分優(you)越,發展綠色無(wu)公害農產(chan)品具有(you)(you)得(de)天獨厚的(de)自然條件(jian)優(you)勢和產(chan)業基礎。
4、人(ren)文歷(li)史情況:山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)蓮藕祖籍長江下游,明(ming)成化年(nian)(nian)間隨流民帶(dai)入山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),栽植已(yi)有五百余年(nian)(nian)歷(li)史。受山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)獨(du)特(te)(te)的生(sheng)態環(huan)境長期(qi)影響,其(qi)生(sheng)態特(te)(te)征(zheng)發生(sheng)變(bian)異,外(wai)觀(guan)地(di)(di)下莖橫(heng)切面以(yi)髓(sui)為(wei)(wei)中心,均(jun)勻分布氣腔9個以(yi)上(shang),比湖北白(bai)蓮多1-2個眼(yan)(yan)(yan),故稱山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)“九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮”。山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮生(sheng)育期(qi)短,色白(bai),肉厚,味(wei)香、甜、脆,食后無渣的特(te)(te)點(dian),人(ren)們常以(yi)“色白(bai)質脆味(wei)香甜,好菜要(yao)(yao)(yao)數九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮”來(lai)稱頌山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)的蓮菜。相傳山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮曾為(wei)(wei)貢品上(shang)貢朝廷,1988年(nian)(nian)山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮被錄入陜西省地(di)(di)方名優(you)產(chan)品名錄。山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)當地(di)(di)的特(te)(te)色產(chan)品,產(chan)品深受消費(fei)者喜(xi)愛(ai),產(chan)品銷往西安、商州等地(di)(di),供不應求(qiu)(qiu)。近幾年(nian)(nian),隨著農(nong)村經濟的持續發展(zhan)和種植業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構調整(zheng)(zheng)的深入,九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮的開(kai)(kai)發潛力和經濟價值日益增(zeng)長。為(wei)(wei)此,縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府歷(li)屆班子(zi)均(jun)把(ba)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)(kai)發作為(wei)(wei)區域(yu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構調整(zheng)(zheng)、增(zeng)加(jia)農(nong)民收(shou)入的主要(yao)(yao)(yao)舉措來(lai)抓。把(ba)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮開(kai)(kai)發列入“十一(yi)五”規(gui)劃加(jia)快(kuai)發展(zhan),要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)在“十一(yi)五”末九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮面積要(yao)(yao)(yao)發展(zhan)到2萬(wan)畝(mu),產(chan)值要(yao)(yao)(yao)超億元(yuan),農(nong)民人(ren)均(jun)純收(shou)入要(yao)(yao)(yao)增(zeng)加(jia)150元(yuan)。省委書(shu)記李建國多次到山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai),也(ye)一(yi)再(zai)強調要(yao)(yao)(yao)把(ba)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)做(zuo)大做(zuo)強,真正成為(wei)(wei)山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)道特(te)(te)色產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、優(you)勢品牌產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。2003年(nian)(nian)山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮基地(di)(di)已(yi)通(tong)過省級無公(gong)(gong)害基地(di)(di)認定(ding), 2008年(nian)(nian)已(yi)通(tong)過無公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)品認證。目(mu)前,全縣(xian)發展(zhan)無公(gong)(gong)害九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮8000畝(mu),產(chan)量(liang)近2萬(wan)噸,產(chan)值近億元(yuan)。山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府已(yi)把(ba)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮確定(ding)為(wei)(wei)無公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)品開(kai)(kai)發的特(te)(te)色優(you)勢產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
三.地域范圍
山陽九眼蓮生產(chan)地(di)位于(yu)秦嶺東南(nan)麓, 地(di)理坐標為東經109°32′-110°20′,北緯(wei)33°42′-39°09′。海拔(ba)高度294.1至(zhi)(zhi)2074.4米,相(xiang)對高差1780米。東至(zhi)(zhi)王閆(yan)鄉口頭(tou)坪村(cun)(cun),西至(zhi)(zhi)戶垣鎮桃園村(cun)(cun),南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)漫川(chuan)關(guan)鎮小河口,北至(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)子(zi)街鎮街道村(cun)(cun)。涉(she)及城關(guan)鎮的張塬村(cun)(cun)、五里橋村(cun)(cun)等21個(ge)鄉鎮、68個(ge)村(cun)(cun)。
四(si).產品品質特性特征
1、外在感官特征:藕身一般3-4節,節間長藕身大(da),橫切面(mian)九孔以(yi)上,肉(rou)厚、潔(jie)白(bai)、絲長、質地細嫩(nen),口感甜(tian)脆爽滑(hua)。
2、安全(quan)要(yao)求:山陽九眼蓮執行《無(wu)公害食(shi)品(pin)水生蔬(shu)菜》(NY5238-2005)標準。