一.產品介紹
山(shan)陽九眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian),已(yi)有500年(nian)(nian)(nian)栽植歷史(shi)。據傳,明(ming)成化年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,由“下湖(hu)人(ren)”帶來(lai)山(shan)陽。受(shou)山(shan)陽獨特(te)(te)自然環境影響,所產(chan)藕(ou)橫切面以(yi)髓為中心,均勻分布(bu)9個氣腔(qiang),比湖(hu)北白蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)多1-2個,故稱(cheng)九眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)。相傳,山(shan)陽九眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)曾為貢品上貢朝(chao)廷;人(ren)們常(chang)以(yi)“色(se)(se)白質脆味香(xiang)甜(tian),好菜要數九眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)”來(lai)稱(cheng)頌山(shan)陽九眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian),山(shan)陽詩(shi)人(ren)陳文(wen)彥作詩(shi)一首贊(zan)山(shan)陽特(te)(te)產(chan)九眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian):色(se)(se)白質脆味香(xiang)甜(tian),山(shan)陽特(te)(te)產(chan)九眼蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)。淡水芙蓉堪(kan)稱(cheng)羨,沃泥佳藕(ou)更值錢。
二.自然生態(tai)環(huan)境和人文歷(li)史因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況:山(shan)陽(yang)縣屬秦嶺南坡中(zhong)(zhong)、低山(shan)區地(di)形結(jie)構(gou),境內群山(shan)林立(li),溝(gou)壑縱橫,北部的(de)流嶺、中(zhong)(zhong)部的(de)鵑嶺、南部的(de)鄖嶺三大山(shan)脈走向(xiang)東西(xi)、橫斷南北,構(gou)成“三山(shan)夾(jia)兩川”的(de)嶺谷地(di)貌(mao)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)垂(chui)直地(di)帶性分布著水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)、淤土(tu)(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)(tu)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃棕土(tu)(tu)(tu)、棕土(tu)(tu)(tu)七種類型。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值6.0-7.5,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)孔(kong)隙度50-55%。肥力中(zhong)(zhong)等,有機質(zhi)含量1.5%,全(quan)氮70mg/kg,速(su)效磷(lin)30mg/kg,速(su)效鉀120mg/kg。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:山陽境內(nei)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)屬長(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系漢江(jiang)支流(liu)(liu)(liu),河(he)網密度(du)為(wei)1.2公(gong)(gong)里(li)/平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源極為(wei)豐富。全縣有(you)金錢河(he)、銀花河(he)、謝家河(he)等7條主(zhu)要河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫4座。河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)長(chang)共(gong)計158公(gong)(gong)里(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面積共(gong)計3400平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)。境內(nei)總(zong)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)14.47億立方(fang)米,總(zong)畜水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)432萬立方(fang)米。河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源主(zhu)要來自天然降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),其次為(wei)山澗泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)平時清(qing)澈見底(di)、汛期洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)猛增。地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)要由降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和地(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)入滲(shen)補給,又以泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)形成出露,排泄于河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu),轉(zhuan)化為(wei)地(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和地(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質良好、礦(kuang)化度(du)小于1克/升(sheng)的(de)重碳酸鹽淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),pH值(zhi)5.7-8.5,是理想的(de)工農業生產和生活用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),適合九眼蓮(lian)生長(chang)。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況:山(shan)(shan)陽縣屬亞熱帶向暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶過渡的(de)(de)季(ji)(ji)風性(xing)半濕潤(run)山(shan)(shan)地氣(qi)候(hou)。北部有(you)秦嶺主脊天然(ran)屏障,阻檔減弱(ruo)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)北方冷氣(qi)團入侵勢力,西(xi)北東南(nan)走向的(de)(de)金錢河谷,有(you)利于(yu)夏季(ji)(ji)偏南(nan)濕熱氣(qi)流的(de)(de)伸進(jin),形成了“冬(dong)無(wu)(wu)嚴寒,夏無(wu)(wu)酷暑(shu)”的(de)(de)溫(wen)和氣(qi)候(hou),年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)13.1℃,≥0℃積溫(wen)5032.8℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)積溫(wen)4142℃,無(wu)(wu)霜期(qi)207天;平均日照(zhao)2133.8小時,日照(zhao)率48%,總輻射量113千卡/平方厘米;年平均降水(shui)量709.3毫(hao)米。雨量充(chong)沛、光熱資(zi)源(yuan)豐富(fu),境(jing)內無(wu)(wu)大型工(gong)礦企業,山(shan)(shan)青水(shui)秀、空氣(qi)清新,生(sheng)態環境(jing)十分(fen)優(you)越,發展綠(lv)色無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)農產品具有(you)得(de)天獨厚的(de)(de)自然(ran)條件優(you)勢和產業基(ji)礎。
4、人文歷(li)史情況:山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)蓮(lian)藕祖籍長(chang)江下游,明(ming)成(cheng)化年(nian)(nian)間隨流民帶入(ru)(ru)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),栽(zai)植已(yi)有五百(bai)余年(nian)(nian)歷(li)史。受山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)獨特的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境長(chang)期影響(xiang),其生(sheng)態(tai)特征發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變異,外(wai)觀地下莖橫切(qie)面(mian)(mian)以髓為(wei)(wei)中心,均勻(yun)分布氣腔9個(ge)以上,比湖北(bei)白(bai)(bai)(bai)蓮(lian)多1-2個(ge)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),故稱山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)“九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)生(sheng)育期短,色(se)白(bai)(bai)(bai),肉厚,味香、甜、脆,食后無(wu)(wu)渣(zha)的(de)(de)(de)特點,人們常(chang)以“色(se)白(bai)(bai)(bai)質脆味香甜,好菜(cai)要(yao)(yao)數(shu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)”來稱頌山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)蓮(lian)菜(cai)。相(xiang)傳山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)曾為(wei)(wei)貢(gong)品上貢(gong)朝廷,1988年(nian)(nian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)被錄入(ru)(ru)陜西省地方名(ming)優產(chan)品名(ming)錄。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)當地的(de)(de)(de)特色(se)產(chan)品,產(chan)品深受消費者喜(xi)愛,產(chan)品銷往西安、商州(zhou)等地,供不(bu)應求。近(jin)幾年(nian)(nian),隨著農(nong)村經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和種植業(ye)結(jie)構調整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)深入(ru)(ru),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)潛力和經(jing)濟價(jia)值日益增(zeng)長(chang)。為(wei)(wei)此(ci),縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府歷(li)屆(jie)班子(zi)均把九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)產(chan)業(ye)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)區(qu)域產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構調整(zheng)、增(zeng)加農(nong)民收(shou)入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)舉措來抓(zhua)。把九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)列入(ru)(ru)“十一五”規劃加快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),要(yao)(yao)求在“十一五”末(mo)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)面(mian)(mian)積要(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到2萬畝,產(chan)值要(yao)(yao)超億元,農(nong)民人均純收(shou)入(ru)(ru)要(yao)(yao)增(zeng)加150元。省委書(shu)記李建國多次到山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)來,也一再強調要(yao)(yao)把九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)產(chan)業(ye)做大做強,真正成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)地道特色(se)產(chan)業(ye)、優勢品牌(pai)產(chan)業(ye)。2003年(nian)(nian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)基地已(yi)通(tong)過(guo)省級無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害基地認(ren)定(ding)(ding), 2008年(nian)(nian)已(yi)通(tong)過(guo)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)品認(ren)證。目(mu)前,全縣(xian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)8000畝,產(chan)量近(jin)2萬噸,產(chan)值近(jin)億元。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府已(yi)把九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)確定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)品開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)特色(se)優勢產(chan)業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
山陽九眼(yan)蓮生(sheng)產地位(wei)于秦嶺東(dong)南麓, 地理(li)坐標為東(dong)經109°32′-110°20′,北(bei)緯33°42′-39°09′。海拔高度294.1至2074.4米,相對高差1780米。東(dong)至王閆鄉口(kou)頭坪村(cun),西(xi)至戶垣鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)桃園(yuan)村(cun),南至漫川關(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)小河口(kou),北(bei)至元子(zi)街鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)街道村(cun)。涉及城關(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的張(zhang)塬村(cun)、五(wu)里橋村(cun)等(deng)21個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、68個(ge)村(cun)。
四.產品品質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征(zheng)
1、外在(zai)感(gan)(gan)官特征:藕(ou)身一般3-4節(jie),節(jie)間長藕(ou)身大,橫切面九孔以上,肉厚(hou)、潔白、絲長、質(zhi)地細嫩(nen),口感(gan)(gan)甜脆爽滑。
2、安全要求:山陽九(jiu)眼蓮執行《無公害食品水生蔬(shu)菜》(NY5238-2005)標準。