產品介紹
托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)栽培(pei)歷史(shi)追(zhui)溯到1000多年(nian)左右,1959年(nian),在吐魯(lu)番(fan)阿斯他那—哈拉(la)和卓古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)群進行的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)發(fa)掘工(gong)作中(zhong),考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)學家挖掘發(fa)現杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干,為(wei)此考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)學家分(fen)析確定在高昌國(guo)(guo)時期包括托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)這些(xie)區(qu)域內就已(yi)(yi)經開(kai)始有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)、食用(yong)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)。據史(shi)料記載,清(qing)代(dai)至(zhi)(zhi)民國(guo)(guo)時期,托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)群眾中(zhong)無育苗(miao)(miao)習慣(guan),栽植(zhi)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹均是挖取野(ye)生(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)培(pei)植(zhi),新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)解放成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立后(hou),托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)人民政府(fu)動(dong)(dong)員群眾育苗(miao)(miao),貫(guan)徹“自采種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、自育苗(miao)(miao)、自造林”的(de)(de)(de)方針(zhen)。國(guo)(guo)家、集(ji)體(ti)和個人育苗(miao)(miao)相結合培(pei)育苗(miao)(miao)木,滿足托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)造林所(suo)需各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹苗(miao)(miao),為(wei)此托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)村農(nong)(nong)田防護林中(zhong)最南邊一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行由(you)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),還(huan)有(you)農(nong)(nong)村家家戶(hu)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)房前(qian)屋后(hou)都有(you)幾棵杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹,只(zhi)是沒(mei)有(you)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)如今(jin)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模(mo),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直處(chu)于(yu)零(ling)(ling)散自由(you)發(fa)展(zhan)狀態(tai)。托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模(mo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)已(yi)(yi)有(you)90多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)有(you)70%的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)民從事杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)。近年(nian)來,由(you)于(yu)縣(xian)(xian)委、政府(fu)大(da)力發(fa)展(zhan)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)牌(pai)基(ji)地建設,又加之托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)價格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)漲調(diao)動(dong)(dong)了全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)廣大(da)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)民生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)(ji)性,托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)規(gui)模(mo)快(kuai)速擴大(da),全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)由(you)原來的(de)(de)(de)房前(qian)屋后(hou)、小(xiao)面積(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)走(zou)向了大(da)面積(ji)、大(da)規(gui)模(mo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。目前(qian),全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已(yi)(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模(mo),全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)總面積(ji)已(yi)(yi)超過3萬(wan)畝,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)了全(quan)(quan)(quan)地區(qu)乃(nai)至(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)疆名(ming)副其實(shi)早熟杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)優勢(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)。托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)果面油(you)光、色澤鮮(xian)亮(liang)、口感酸甜(tian),極(ji)(ji)早熟,比小(xiao)白杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)提前(qian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟7-10天,耐儲運,果仁甜(tian)。由(you)于(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟極(ji)(ji)早、品(pin)質佳,所(suo)以(yi)市場上(shang)供不應(ying)求,發(fa)展(zhan)潛力巨大(da),經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益明顯,已(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)名(ming)副其實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)民自主產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)。同時,依托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)優勢(shi)資源,連(lian)年(nian)舉辦杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花節(jie)等節(jie)慶(qing)活(huo)動(dong)(dong),以(yi)此進一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)宣傳托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)早熟杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)園”地域品(pin)牌(pai),打造海拔零(ling)(ling)點城的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)游品(pin)牌(pai),展(zhan)示歷史(shi)、文(wen)化(hua)、資源、美食、民族民俗(su)風情獨特(te)魅力,進一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)擴大(da)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)旅(lv)游影響力,提高知名(ming)度。由(you)于(yu)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質好(hao),再加上(shang)品(pin)牌(pai)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying),使(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)廣大(da)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)群眾擺脫貧困(kun)走(zou)上(shang)了致富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)道路(lu),托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)業(ye)已(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)色支柱(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)。
自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)地貌(mao)土壤(rang)(rang)情(qing)況:托克遜縣的土壤(rang)(rang)分為山(shan)地土壤(rang)(rang)和(he)綠洲(zhou)土壤(rang)(rang)等(deng)兩大類,綠洲(zhou)土壤(rang)(rang)中潮土最多,土壤(rang)(rang)有機質含(han)量為2.7%,全(quan)氮0.076%,全(quan)磷(lin)0.064%,速效鉀(jia)124 ppm,非(fei)常適合托克遜杏生(sheng)長。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):托克遜縣的水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源主要有白楊河水(shui)(shui)(shui)系和阿(a)拉溝水(shui)(shui)(shui)系兩大水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,水(shui)(shui)(shui)源以北(bei)部博(bo)格達峰和西部高山冰雪融化水(shui)(shui)(shui)為主,用(yong)(yong)富(fu)含各種礦(kuang)物質元素的無污染、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質好的冰雪融化水(shui)(shui)(shui),賦予(yu)了托克遜杏優質品質,全(quan)年水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源總量5.96億方米(mi),年用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量3.92億方,人均(jun)5050立方米(mi),為綠洲灌溉農業(ye)發展提供了重要條件。
(3)氣候情況:
①氣候類型:托(tuo)克(ke)遜縣(xian)為暖溫帶典型的大陸性(xing)干(gan)旱少雨荒漠氣候,風能和(he)光熱資源得天(tian)獨厚,干(gan)旱少雨多(duo)風、日照時間長,晝夜溫差大對托(tuo)克(ke)遜杏提(ti)高品(pin)質質量(liang)和(he)富含營養提(ti)供了(le)獨特的條件。
②熱量(liang)氣(qi)溫:托克(ke)遜縣熱量(liang)資源豐富,年(nian)均氣(qi)溫14.5℃,年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫日較差13.6℃,極端最高(gao)氣(qi)溫48℃,極端最低(di)氣(qi)溫-21.8℃,無霜期(qi)約219天,年(nian)有效積溫6400℃以上,春季升溫早而(er)快,秋季降(jiang)溫晚而(er)慢。年(nian)日照平(ping)均長達(da)3233.5小時。年(nian)平(ping)均日照率,年(nian)平(ping)均日照時數及(ji)太陽總輻射量(liang)均居全(quan)國前列,最適宜喜(xi)光的托克(ke)遜杏生(sheng)長。
③降(jiang)水量與蒸(zheng)發量:降(jiang)水稀(xi)少(shao),主(zhu)要集中在夏季,6、7、8月為多,年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量6.3mm,最長(chang)連續無(wu)降(jiang)水日數達315天(tian),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均蒸(zheng)發量為3744mm,夏季蒸(zheng)發量為1381.5占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)總蒸(zheng)發量46.1%,托(tuo)克遜(xun)縣(xian)降(jiang)水極少(shao)、氣(qi)候干(gan)燥、蒸(zheng)發強的特殊氣(qi)候對托(tuo)克遜(xun)杏生長(chang)最適宜(yi)。
地域范圍
托克(ke)遜縣位于天(tian)山北(bei)麓的(de)(de)吐哈盆地(di)西(xi)端,是(shi)北(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)、南(nan)疆(jiang)(jiang)、東疆(jiang)(jiang)三(san)疆(jiang)(jiang)交匯之(zhi)地(di),是(shi)出入南(nan)、北(bei)、東疆(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)唯一通道,北(bei)與烏魯木齊(qi)市,南(nan)與庫爾勒市,東與吐魯番(fan)市,西(xi)與和(he)靜、和(he)碩(shuo)縣接壤。曾是(shi)古絲綢之(zhi)路上的(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)著名(ming)驛站(zhan),椐(ju)史料記載:西(xi)漢(han)時期西(xi)域三(san)十六國之(zhi)一的(de)(de)“山國”就(jiu)在托克(ke)遜境內。托克(ke)遜杏地(di)理(li)標(biao)志地(di)域保護范圍包括(kuo)博斯(si)坦鄉(xiang)(xiang)、伊拉湖鄉(xiang)(xiang)、郭勒布依鄉(xiang)(xiang)、夏鄉(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)四個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang),涉及30個(ge)(ge)村。地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)位于:東經88°22′~88°57,北(bei)緯42°40′~42°53′之(zhi)間(jian),平均(jun)海拔高度(du)為45米,保護范圍面(mian)積(ji)3500公頃(qing),年產量9000噸。
品質特性特征
(1)外在感觀(guan)特征:托克遜杏是(shi)本地土品種又稱蘇勒坦杏、屬極早(zao)熟品種、果(guo)形呈近圓形、縫合線明顯、果(guo)個大(da)可達50克左右,果(guo)實表面(mian)油亮、色澤黃艷(yan),杏肉汁多肉厚(hou)、口(kou)(kou)感酸甜適口(kou)(kou)、杏香濃(nong)郁、甜仁,耐(nai)運(yun)耐(nai)儲(chu)。
(2)內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標:托克遜杏總糖含(han)量(liang)在(zai)13.0-15.5(g/100g)之間,可(ke)溶性固形物(wu)可(ke)達14.5-16.5(%),還(huan)原(yuan)性維(wei)生素C含(han)量(liang)在(zai)5.5-7.4(mg/100g)之間。