自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素
1.土壤(rang)地(di)貌情況:土地(di)資源相對豐(feng)富(fu),全縣耕地(di)面積4.57萬公(gong)頃,水(shui)澆地(di)2.41萬公(gong)頃,土地(di)肥(fei)沃,條(tiao)件優(you)越,適(shi)宜(yi)發展生態農(nong)業和農(nong)業產業化的開發。景泰縣土層(ceng)深厚,土質疏松,透(tou)水(shui)和保水(shui)性能好,非常適(shi)宜(yi)條(tiao)山梨的栽培(pei)。
2.水(shui)文情(qing)況:水(shui)利(li)資源豐富。縣(xian)內有(you)“中華(hua)之最(zui)”景電(dian)高(gao)揚程提(ti)灌一、二期工(gong)程灌溉10個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen);沿黃灌區五佛鄉(xiang)、中泉鎮(zhen)2個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen);引(yin)大(da)入秦工(gong)程在(zai)確保飲水(shui)的前提(ti)下(xia)灌溉面(mian)積946.67公(gong)頃,正(zheng)路鎮(zhen)、寺灘鄉(xiang)2個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)。
3.氣候情況(kuang):景泰縣(xian)屬溫(wen)(wen)帶干旱型(xing)大陸氣候,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)為9.1℃,年(nian)均(jun)日(ri)照2713小時,日(ri)照百分率60%,太陽年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)輻(fu)射量(liang)147.8千(qian)卡(ka)/平(ping)方厘(li)米(mi),年(nian)≥0℃的活動積溫(wen)(wen)3614.8℃,≥10℃的有效積溫(wen)(wen)3038℃,無霜期141天(tian)左右,年(nian)降水量(liang)185.6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),年(nian)蒸發量(liang)為1722.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)。
三.地域范圍
景泰(tai)縣位于(yu)甘肅省(sheng)腹地(di)北陲,騰(teng)格里沙漠南(nan)緣,甘寧(ning)蒙三省(sheng)(區)交界(jie)處,地(di)理坐標在東(dong)經(jing)103°33′至104°43′北緯36°43'至37°38′。東(dong)臨黃河與靖遠縣、平(ping)川(chuan)區相望,南(nan)與白(bai)銀區、皋蘭縣及永登縣搭界(jie),西與天(tian)祝藏族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治縣及古浪(lang)縣毗鄰,北與內蒙古自(zi)(zi)治區阿拉(la)善(shan)左旗及寧(ning)夏回族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治區中衛縣接(jie)壤。東(dong)西寬約(yue)84公(gong)里,南(nan)北長約(yue)102公(gong)里,總面(mian)積5483平(ping)方公(gong)里,海拔1374~3321米之間,條(tiao)山(shan)梨(li)產地(di)主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)梨(li)樹主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)在一條(tiao)山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、寺灘(tan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、中泉鎮(zhen)(zhen)、草窩灘(tan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、蘆陽鎮(zhen)(zhen)、上(shang)沙沃(wo)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、紅水鎮(zhen)(zhen)、喜(xi)泉鎮(zhen)(zhen)、五佛鄉(xiang)(xiang)、漫水灘(tan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)10個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的41個(ge)行政村和(he)農場(chang)。栽培面(mian)積2668公(gong)頃,年(nian)產量9.88萬(wan)噸(dun)。
四.產(chan)品品質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
(1)外在感官(guan)特征條山梨(li)主栽品(pin)種為早酥梨(li)和皇冠梨(li)。早酥梨(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)倒卵圓形(xing);平(ping)均重(zhong)269克,最(zui)大單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗是512克,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮淺(qian)綠色(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉白(bai)色(se),細嫩酥脆(cui),石(shi)細胞極少,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)心小(xiao),風味酸甜(tian)適口,有(you)香味,品(pin)質上;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)去皮硬度(du)6.68kg/㎝2。 黃(huang)(huang)冠梨(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)近圓形(xing);平(ping)均單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)323.8克,最(zui)大單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)565克,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮黃(huang)(huang)色(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點(dian)小(xiao),套袋果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)外觀光潔黃(huang)(huang)亮;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉乳(ru)白(bai)色(se),肉質酥脆(cui),石(shi)細胞及殘渣極少,汁多味甜(tian),有(you)香味,品(pin)質極上;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)去皮硬度(du)為10.65kg/㎝2。
(2)內(nei)在(zai)品(pin)(pin)質指標早酥梨(li)的理(li)化(hua)指標:水分≥85g/100g,可溶性固形物≥11.0g/100g,維生素C≥6.0g/100克(ke),鉀≥105mg/100g,總酸≤0.2品(pin)(pin)質極上。常溫下貯存30天,肉質仍然(ran)酥脆(cui),風味不減(jian);黃冠(guan)梨(li)品(pin)(pin)質優于(yu)其他產地同類產品(pin)(pin)。自然(ran)條(tiao)件(jian)下可貯藏60天,冷藏條(tiao)件(jian)下可貯藏至(zhi)翌年三、四月份(fen)。
(3)安全(quan)要(yao)求產品(pin)(pin)(pin)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)狀況符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)中華人民共和國農(nong)(nong)業行(xing)(xing)業標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)NY/T391《綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)產地(di)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)》的(de)要(yao)求,農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)NY/T393《綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)(ze)》,肥料(liao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)NY/T394《綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)肥料(liao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)(ze)》,產品(pin)(pin)(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)標簽等符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)NY/T658《綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)(ze)》。產地(di)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)NY/T5335《無公害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)產地(di)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)調查(cha)規范》,肥料(liao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)NY/T496《肥料(liao)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)(ze)通則(ze)(ze)》,農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)GB/T832.1-9《農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)管理(li)(li)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)(ze)》和《農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)管理(li)(li)條(tiao)(tiao)例》。大氣監測質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)達到了國家質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(GB3095)中的(de)一級標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),是生(sheng)(sheng)產綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)果品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)理(li)(li)想環境(jing)(jing)(jing)區域。條(tiao)(tiao)山梨(li)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)按照國家相(xiang)關質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)求執行(xing)(xing),符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)條(tiao)(tiao)山梨(li)衛生(sheng)(sheng)新標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)求。生(sheng)(sheng)產全(quan)過程控制按NY/T5101-2002 規程進(jin)行(xing)(xing)加工、包(bao)裝(zhuang)、儲運(yun)。
(4)分級:根(gen)據感官指(zhi)標和初加工技術(shu),其(qi)中(zhong)將鮮梨分為優等(deng)品(pin)(pin)、一等(deng)品(pin)(pin)和二等(deng)品(pin)(pin)。
(5)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)管理規定(ding):條山(shan)(shan)梨(li)劃定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)地域保(bao)護(hu)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)條山(shan)(shan)梨(li)生產(chan)(chan)經營者, 在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或包(bao)裝上使(shi)(shi)用已獲(huo)登記保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)“條山(shan)(shan)梨(li)”農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志,須向條山(shan)(shan)梨(li)登記證書持有人(ren)提出申請,并按(an)照相關要求規范使(shi)(shi)用標(biao)(biao)(biao)志, 在其(qi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)包(bao)裝上統一使(shi)(shi)用“條山(shan)(shan)梨(li)”和農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)相結合的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注方法。包(bao)裝箱上也可使(shi)(shi)用已獲(huo)證的(de)(de)(de)無公(gong)害農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志或綠色食(shi)品(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志,其(qi)相關產(chan)(chan)品(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用具體標(biao)(biao)(biao)注按(an)有關規定(ding)執行。
(6)標簽(qian):在(zai)標簽(qian)上標注“條(tiao)山梨”和農產(chan)品地(di)理標志公共標識及無公害(hai)農產(chan)品或綠色食品標志、產(chan)品名稱、數量、品種、產(chan)地(di)、包裝日期、保存(cun)期、生產(chan)單(dan)位等內(nei)容。
(7)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu):條山(shan)梨運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)時(shi)做到輕裝、輕卸,嚴(yan)防(fang)機械(xie)損傷。運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)具清潔、衛(wei)生(sheng)、無污(wu)染。公路汽車運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)時(shi)嚴(yan)防(fang)日曬雨淋(lin),鐵路長途運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)時(shi)注意通風散(san)熱(re)。