介紹
赤峰(feng)境內被國(guo)家(jia)考(kao)古(gu)界命名的原始人類文化(hua)類型有興(xing)隆(long)洼(wa)文化(hua)、趙寶溝文化(hua)、紅山(shan)文化(hua)、富河(he)文化(hua)、小河(he)沿文化(hua)、夏家(jia)店下層文化(hua)。從考(kao)古(gu)發掘出來的石器(qi)、骨器(qi)、陶器(qi)、青銅器(qi)等生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活器(qi)物證明,早在8千(qian)余年(nian)前(qian)境內的原始先民已經(jing)過著原始農耕、漁獵和(he)畜牧的定居生(sheng)(sheng)活。赤峰(feng)市(shi)種植谷子歷史(shi)悠久(jiu),2003年(nian)在興(xing)隆(long)溝遺址(zhi)出土了距今8000年(nian)的栗(li)和(he)黍(shu)的碳化(hua)顆粒標本,經(jing)加拿(na)大(da)、英國(guo)和(he)我國(guo)的研(yan)究機構用C14等手段鑒定論(lun)證后,認為是(shi)(shi)人工(gong)栽培形(xing)態最早的谷物,由此推斷赤峰(feng)敖(ao)漢(han)地(di)(di)區(qu)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代旱(han)作農業起源地(di)(di),也是(shi)(shi)橫跨(kua)歐亞大(da)陸(lu)旱(han)作農業的發源地(di)(di)。赤峰(feng)市(shi)志記(ji)載:遼史(shi)記(ji)載:“保寧七(qi)年(nian)(976),漢(han)有宋兵,使來乞糧(liang),詔(zhao)賜粟二十萬斛助(zhu)之”。
自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)情況(kuang):赤(chi)峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)積極(ji)發展雜(za)糧種(zhong)植(zhi)產業,在(zai)(zai)現有耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積1600萬畝(mu)的基礎上,雜(za)糧播種(zhong)面(mian)(mian)積常年(nian)穩定在(zai)(zai)800萬畝(mu)左右,居全國(guo)之首(shou)。赤(chi)峰(feng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處大(da)(da)興(xing)(xing)安嶺(ling)南(nan)段和燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)麓山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)拉木倫河(he)(he)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)與(yu)老(lao)哈河(he)(he)流域(yu)廣大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),呈三面(mian)(mian)環(huan)(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),西(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)東(dong)低(di),多山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)多丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)特征(zheng)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)約占(zhan)(zhan)赤(chi)峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的42%;丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)約占(zhan)(zhan)24%;高(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)約占(zhan)(zhan)9%;平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)約占(zhan)(zhan)25%。大(da)(da)體分(fen)為(wei)四個地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形區(qu)(qu):北(bei)(bei)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)(qu);南(nan)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)(qu);西(xi)(xi)部(bu)高(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)區(qu)(qu);東(dong)部(bu)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)區(qu)(qu),海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)300-2000米。東(dong)部(bu)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)拉木倫河(he)(he)與(yu)老(lao)哈河(he)(he)匯流處大(da)(da)興(xing)(xing)三角地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)不(bu)足300米,為(wei)赤(chi)峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢最低(di)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶;西(xi)(xi)部(bu)克旗、郊區(qu)(qu)和河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)圍(wei)場縣交界處的大(da)(da)光頂(ding)子山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)2067米,為(wei)赤(chi)峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)第一(yi)高(gao)(gao)峰(feng)。主要(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈有大(da)(da)興(xing)(xing)安嶺(ling)南(nan)段,努(nu)魯兒虎和七(qi)老(lao)圖(tu)三條山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈。赤(chi)峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)的土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源特點(dian)是,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處內(nei)蒙古高(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)向(xiang)松遼平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)過渡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,北(bei)(bei)部(bu)為(wei)大(da)(da)興(xing)(xing)安嶺(ling)南(nan)段山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系(xi)的七(qi)老(lao)圖(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屏(ping)于西(xi)(xi)部(bu),努(nu)魯爾(er)虎山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)呈于東(dong)南(nan)側,構成了三面(mian)(mian)環(huan)(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的半環(huan)(huan)形,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢西(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)東(dong)低(di),海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)500—1500米之間,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)最高(gao)(gao)為(wei)2067米。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)形態可分(fen)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、高(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)、熔巖臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)、沙(sha)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)。其中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積占(zhan)(zhan)17.74%;高(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)5.72%;熔巖臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)3.21%;低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)占(zhan)(zhan)19.44%;黃土(tu)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)占(zhan)(zhan)22.9%;河(he)(he)谷平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)8.17%;沙(sha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)23.3%。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:全市水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源總(zong)量為(wei)(wei)42.7億(yi)立方(fang)米,有(you)烏力吉木淪(lun)河(he)(he)、西拉沐(mu)淪(lun)河(he)(he)、老哈河(he)(he)、敖來河(he)(he)、灤河(he)(he)、大(da)(da)凌河(he)(he)六條外流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)和內(nei)陸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)共308條大(da)(da)小河(he)(he)流(liu),72處(chu)天然湖(hu)泊。最大(da)(da)的(de)湖(hu)泊為(wei)(wei)達里(li)諾爾湖(hu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)35.7萬畝(mu)。地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)量32.6億(yi)立方(fang)米,地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可開采10億(yi)立方(fang)米。人均占有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量670立方(fang)米。耕地(di)(di)畝(mu)均占有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量323.7立方(fang)米。西遼河(he)(he)的(de)兩(liang)條主要(yao)支流(liu)西拉沐(mu)淪(lun)河(he)(he)、老哈河(he)(he)都在赤(chi)峰境內(nei),大(da)(da)小干(gan)支流(liu)達40余條,有(you)達里(li)諾爾等湖(hu)泊58處(chu),地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)量為(wei)(wei)32.7億(yi)立方(fang)米,地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可采集量為(wei)(wei)10億(yi)立方(fang)米。?
3、氣候情(qing)況:赤(chi)峰(feng)市屬中(zhong)溫帶(dai)半(ban)干旱(han)大(da)陸性(xing)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣候區(qu)。冬季(ji)(ji)漫長(chang)(chang)而寒(han)冷,春季(ji)(ji)干旱(han)多大(da)風(feng),夏季(ji)(ji)短促炎熱、雨水(shui)集中(zhong),秋季(ji)(ji)短促、氣溫下(xia)降快、霜凍降臨早。大(da)部地(di)區(qu)年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫為0—7℃,最冷月(1月)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫為-10℃左右(you),極端最低(di)氣溫-27℃;最熱月(7月)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫在20—24℃之間。年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)的地(di)理(li)分布受地(di)形影(ying)響十分明顯(xian),不同地(di)區(qu)差別很大(da),有(you)300—500毫米不等。大(da)部地(di)區(qu)年(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)數為2700—3100小時(shi)。每當5—9月天空(kong)無云時(shi),日照(zhao)時(shi)數可長(chang)(chang)達12—14小時(shi)。
地域范圍
赤峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)處內(nei)蒙古自治區東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu),東(dong)(dong)(dong)北地(di)(di)區西(xi)端,西(xi)遼河(he)上游,大興安(an)嶺(ling)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)段(duan)山脈與燕(yan)山北麓山地(di)(di)、內(nei)蒙古高原、西(xi)遼河(he)平原的復(fu)合截接(jie)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)。地(di)(di)理坐標:北緯41°17'10"-45°24'15",東(dong)(dong)(dong)經116°21'07"-120°58'52"。總(zong)面積為(wei)(wei)90021平方公(gong)里(li),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)最(zui)寬375公(gong)里(li),南(nan)(nan)北最(zui)長(chang)457.5公(gong)里(li)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)與遼寧省朝陽市(shi)(shi)接(jie)壤,西(xi)南(nan)(nan)與河(he)北省承德(de)地(di)(di)區交界,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和北部(bu)(bu)(bu)與內(nei)蒙古自治區錫(xi)林(lin)郭(guo)勒(le)盟接(jie)連,東(dong)(dong)(dong)與通遼市(shi)(shi)毗鄰。赤峰(feng)小米(mi)農產品(pin)地(di)(di)理標志保護(hu)范(fan)圍為(wei)(wei)赤峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)12旗縣(xian)區132個(ge)蘇木(鄉鎮),2014年赤峰(feng)谷子(zi)播種面積96344公(gong)頃,總(zong)產量為(wei)(wei)238610噸,單產為(wei)(wei)2477公(gong)斤/公(gong)頃。
品質特性特征
1、外在(zai)感(gan)官特征(zheng):赤(chi)(chi)峰(feng)的(de)氣候條(tiao)件決定(ding)了根植于赤(chi)(chi)峰(feng)旱坡地的(de)粟耐干旱、抗倒(dao)伏、適應性(xing)強、品質優良等特點,致(zhi)使當(dang)地谷(gu)子(粟)加工后的(de)小(xiao)米(mi)顆(ke)粒大、粒徑約為(wei)1.0-1.5毫米(mi),粒呈圓(yuan)形(xing)、晶瑩透明,小(xiao)米(mi)適口性(xing)好(hao)、營養豐(feng)富(fu)、金黃馨香。
2、內在品質指(zhi)標:赤峰的(de)(de)小米(mi)(mi)富含(han)(han)(han)(han)人(ren)體(ti)所(suo)需的(de)(de)蛋白質、維生素、微量(liang)元(yuan)素,蛋白質含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)8.65~11.4g/100g;維生素B1含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)0.31~0.48mg/100g;維生素B6含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)0.04~0.05mg/100g;維生素E含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)0.79~1.32mg/100g;葉酸含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)23.8~34.1μg/100g;磷含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)176~290mg/100g;鉀含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)183~255mg/100g;營養豐(feng)富,質純味(wei)正,香軟(ruan)可口(kou),是(shi)(shi)平衡膳食(shi)、調節口(kou)味(wei)的(de)(de)理(li)想食(shi)品,也(ye)非常適合(he)懷孕(yun)期婦(fu)女(nv)及產后進補(bu)食(shi)用。正是(shi)(shi)由于赤峰的(de)(de)小米(mi)(mi)適口(kou)性好(hao)、營養豐(feng)富,金黃馨(xin)香的(de)(de)小米(mi)(mi)粥成為(wei)(wei)女(nv)人(ren)哺乳、老(lao)人(ren)患病、嬰兒斷奶(nai)的(de)(de)首選食(shi)物(wu)。