介紹
赤(chi)峰境內(nei)被國(guo)家考(kao)古(gu)界命名的(de)(de)原始人類文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)類型有(you)興(xing)隆洼文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、趙寶溝文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、紅山文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、富河(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、小河(he)沿文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、夏家店下層文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)。從(cong)考(kao)古(gu)發掘出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)石器(qi)(qi)、骨(gu)器(qi)(qi)、陶器(qi)(qi)、青銅器(qi)(qi)等(deng)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活器(qi)(qi)物證(zheng)明(ming),早在8千余年(nian)(nian)前境內(nei)的(de)(de)原始先民已(yi)經過(guo)著原始農耕、漁獵和(he)畜(chu)牧的(de)(de)定居生(sheng)活。赤(chi)峰市種植谷(gu)子歷史悠(you)久(jiu),2003年(nian)(nian)在興(xing)隆溝遺址出(chu)土了距(ju)今8000年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)栗和(he)黍的(de)(de)碳化(hua)(hua)顆粒標本(ben),經加(jia)拿大(da)、英國(guo)和(he)我國(guo)的(de)(de)研究機構用(yong)C14等(deng)手(shou)段鑒定論證(zheng)后(hou),認為是人工栽培形態最早的(de)(de)谷(gu)物,由此(ci)推斷(duan)赤(chi)峰敖漢地(di)(di)區是中國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)旱(han)(han)作(zuo)農業起源地(di)(di),也是橫跨(kua)歐亞大(da)陸旱(han)(han)作(zuo)農業的(de)(de)發源地(di)(di)。赤(chi)峰市志(zhi)記載:遼(liao)史記載:“保寧七年(nian)(nian)(976),漢有(you)宋(song)兵,使來(lai)乞糧(liang),詔賜粟(su)二(er)十萬斛助(zhu)之(zhi)”。
自然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
1、土壤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況:赤(chi)峰(feng)市積極(ji)發展雜糧種植(zhi)產業,在現有耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積1600萬畝的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上,雜糧播種面積常年(nian)穩定在800萬畝左右(you),居全國之首。赤(chi)峰(feng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)大(da)(da)興安(an)嶺(ling)南(nan)(nan)段和(he)燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)麓山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),分(fen)布在西(xi)拉木倫河(he)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)與老(lao)哈(ha)河(he)流(liu)域廣大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu),呈三(san)面環山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),西(xi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)東(dong)(dong)低,多(duo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)多(duo)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)特征(zheng)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)赤(chi)峰(feng)市總面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)42%;丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)24%;高(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)9%;平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)25%。大(da)(da)體分(fen)為(wei)四(si)個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)區(qu):北(bei)(bei)部山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu);南(nan)(nan)部山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu);西(xi)部高(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)區(qu);東(dong)(dong)部平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)區(qu),海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)300-2000米(mi)(mi)。東(dong)(dong)部在西(xi)拉木倫河(he)與老(lao)哈(ha)河(he)匯流(liu)處(chu)大(da)(da)興三(san)角地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu),海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)不(bu)足300米(mi)(mi),為(wei)赤(chi)峰(feng)市地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢最低地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶;西(xi)部克旗、郊區(qu)和(he)河(he)北(bei)(bei)省圍(wei)場(chang)縣交界(jie)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)光頂(ding)子山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)2067米(mi)(mi),為(wei)赤(chi)峰(feng)市第一高(gao)(gao)(gao)峰(feng)。主(zhu)要山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈有大(da)(da)興安(an)嶺(ling)南(nan)(nan)段,努魯兒虎和(he)七老(lao)圖三(san)條山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈。赤(chi)峰(feng)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)特點(dian)是(shi),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)內蒙(meng)古高(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)向(xiang)松遼平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)過渡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,北(bei)(bei)部為(wei)大(da)(da)興安(an)嶺(ling)南(nan)(nan)段山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)七老(lao)圖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屏于西(xi)部,努魯爾虎山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)呈于東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)側,構成了三(san)面環山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)半環形(xing),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢西(xi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)東(dong)(dong)低,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)一般在500—1500米(mi)(mi)之間,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)最高(gao)(gao)(gao)為(wei)2067米(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)形(xing)態(tai)可分(fen)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)、熔巖臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)、沙(sha)丘(qiu)(qiu)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)。其中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積占(zhan)17.74%;高(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)占(zhan)5.72%;熔巖臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)3.21%;低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)占(zhan)19.44%;黃土丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)占(zhan)22.9%;河(he)谷平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)占(zhan)8.17%;沙(sha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)23.3%。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:全市水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源總量(liang)為(wei)42.7億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),有烏(wu)力吉木淪(lun)河(he)(he)、西拉沐(mu)淪(lun)河(he)(he)、老哈河(he)(he)、敖來河(he)(he)、灤河(he)(he)、大(da)凌河(he)(he)六條外流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)和內陸(lu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)共308條大(da)小河(he)(he)流(liu),72處天然(ran)湖(hu)(hu)泊。最大(da)的(de)湖(hu)(hu)泊為(wei)達里(li)諾爾湖(hu)(hu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)面(mian)積為(wei)35.7萬畝。地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)量(liang)32.6億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)可開采10億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。人均占(zhan)有水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)670立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。耕地(di)(di)畝均占(zhan)有水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)323.7立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。西遼河(he)(he)的(de)兩條主要支流(liu)西拉沐(mu)淪(lun)河(he)(he)、老哈河(he)(he)都在赤峰境(jing)內,大(da)小干支流(liu)達40余條,有達里(li)諾爾等(deng)湖(hu)(hu)泊58處,地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)為(wei)32.7億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)可采集(ji)量(liang)為(wei)10億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。?
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:赤(chi)峰市(shi)屬中溫帶半干旱(han)大陸性(xing)季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu)。冬季漫長(chang)而寒冷,春季干旱(han)多大風,夏季短(duan)(duan)促(cu)炎熱、雨水集中,秋季短(duan)(duan)促(cu)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫下降(jiang)快、霜凍降(jiang)臨早。大部地(di)區(qu)年平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)0—7℃,最冷月(yue)(yue)(1月(yue)(yue))平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)-10℃左(zuo)右,極端最低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫-27℃;最熱月(yue)(yue)(7月(yue)(yue))平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫在20—24℃之(zhi)間。年降(jiang)水量的地(di)理分布受(shou)地(di)形(xing)影響十分明顯,不同地(di)區(qu)差(cha)別很大,有300—500毫(hao)米不等。大部地(di)區(qu)年日照時(shi)數為(wei)2700—3100小時(shi)。每當5—9月(yue)(yue)天空無(wu)云時(shi),日照時(shi)數可長(chang)達12—14小時(shi)。
地域范圍
赤峰市地(di)(di)處內蒙古自治(zhi)區(qu)東南部(bu),東北地(di)(di)區(qu)西(xi)端,西(xi)遼河(he)(he)上游,大(da)興安嶺西(xi)南段山(shan)脈與燕山(shan)北麓山(shan)地(di)(di)、內蒙古高原、西(xi)遼河(he)(he)平原的復合截(jie)接部(bu)位。地(di)(di)理(li)坐標:北緯41°17'10"-45°24'15",東經116°21'07"-120°58'52"。總面積為90021平方公(gong)里,東西(xi)最寬375公(gong)里,南北最長(chang)457.5公(gong)里。東南與遼寧省朝陽市接壤,西(xi)南與河(he)(he)北省承德地(di)(di)區(qu)交界,西(xi)部(bu)和(he)北部(bu)與內蒙古自治(zhi)區(qu)錫林郭勒盟接連,東與通遼市毗鄰。赤峰小米農產(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)標志保護范圍為赤峰市12旗縣區(qu)132個蘇木(鄉鎮(zhen)),2014年赤峰谷子播(bo)種面積96344公(gong)頃(qing),總產(chan)量為238610噸,單(dan)產(chan)為2477公(gong)斤/公(gong)頃(qing)。
品質特性特征
1、外在感官(guan)特(te)征:赤峰(feng)的氣(qi)候(hou)條件決(jue)定了(le)根植于赤峰(feng)旱(han)坡地(di)的粟(su)耐干旱(han)、抗倒伏、適(shi)(shi)應性強(qiang)、品質優(you)良等特(te)點,致使當地(di)谷子(粟(su))加工后(hou)的小(xiao)米顆(ke)粒大、粒徑約為(wei)1.0-1.5毫米,粒呈圓形、晶瑩(ying)透明,小(xiao)米適(shi)(shi)口性好、營養豐富、金黃馨香。
2、內在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)指標(biao):赤峰(feng)的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)含(han)(han)(han)(han)人(ren)(ren)體所需的(de)蛋白質(zhi)、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)、微(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)元素(su),蛋白質(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)8.65~11.4g/100g;維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)B1含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)0.31~0.48mg/100g;維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)B6含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)0.04~0.05mg/100g;維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)E含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)0.79~1.32mg/100g;葉(xie)酸含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)23.8~34.1μg/100g;磷含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)176~290mg/100g;鉀(jia)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)183~255mg/100g;營養(yang)豐富(fu)(fu)(fu),質(zhi)純味正,香軟可口(kou),是(shi)(shi)平衡(heng)膳食(shi)(shi)(shi)、調節口(kou)味的(de)理(li)想食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),也非(fei)常適(shi)合(he)懷孕期(qi)婦女及產后進補食(shi)(shi)(shi)用。正是(shi)(shi)由于赤峰(feng)的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)適(shi)口(kou)性好、營養(yang)豐富(fu)(fu)(fu),金(jin)黃馨香的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)粥成為(wei)女人(ren)(ren)哺乳、老人(ren)(ren)患病、嬰兒斷奶的(de)首(shou)選(xuan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)物。