亞稀(xi)褶紅(hong)菇,是劇(ju)毒(du)(du)菌種,俗稱火炭(tan)菌,是云(yun)南省(sheng)野生菌中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)死(si)亡率(lv)較高(gao)的(de)毒(du)(du)菌種類(lei)。近年(nian)來,我省(sheng)每年(nian)均(jun)發生多起因誤食亞稀(xi)褶紅(hong)菇中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)及死(si)亡的(de)事件,中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)病(bing)死(si)率(lv)可高(gao)達70%以上(shang)。導致中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)事件頻發的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原因是該菌與(yu)多地老百姓(xing)經(jing)常采食的(de)紅(hong)菇屬中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)其他種類(lei)如稀(xi)褶紅(hong)菇、密褶紅(hong)菇外觀(guan)極為(wei)相似,老百姓(xing)都(dou)稱為(wei)火炭(tan)菌,很(hen)難從外觀(guan)形(xing)態(tai)上(shang)將它們區分開來。
亞(ya)稀(xi)褶(zhe)紅(hong)菇的菌(jun)(jun)(jun)體中等大(da)小。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋表(biao)面呈(cheng)(cheng)灰白色(se)、淺(qian)灰色(se)至(zhi)煤灰黑(hei)(hei)色(se),成熟(shu)后(hou)常向(xiang)上反(fan)卷,邊(bian)緣無條棱(leng)。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)肉呈(cheng)(cheng)白色(se),受傷后(hou)易變(bian)(bian)紅(hong)色(se)而(er)不再變(bian)(bian)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)褶(zhe)白色(se),受傷后(hou)變(bian)(bian)紅(hong)色(se),菌(jun)(jun)(jun)褶(zhe)厚,稍(shao)密(mi)至(zhi)稍(shao)稀(xi)疏(shu),不等長,脆而(er)易碎,直生(菌(jun)(jun)(jun)褶(zhe)與菌(jun)(jun)(jun)柄(bing)相連(lian))。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)柄(bing)粗短(duan),圓柱形(xing),污白色(se)、淺(qian)灰白色(se)至(zhi)灰黑(hei)(hei)色(se)。成熟(shu)過老后(hou)整個菌(jun)(jun)(jun)體都會變(bian)(bian)成煤黑(hei)(hei)色(se)。
亞稀褶紅(hong)菇廣泛分布于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)華東、華中(zhong)(zhong)、華南(nan)、西南(nan)和華北南(nan)部地區。尤其是云南(nan)省多(duo)地均(jun)有分布,一(yi)般(ban)夏(xia)秋(qiu)季7月上(shang)旬至(zhi)9月下旬在馬(ma)尾松與(yu)栲(kao)樹等山毛櫸科植物(wu)的混交(jiao)林(lin)中(zhong)(zhong)地上(shang)分散或成群生長。
誤食(shi)后(hou)發病快,在(zai)1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)內出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)癥狀。開始(shi)表現(xian)(xian)(xian)為惡心、嘔(ou)吐、腹(fu)痛(tong)、腹(fu)瀉現(xian)(xian)(xian)象,24小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)后(hou),出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)全身(shen)乏力明顯(xian),肌(ji)肉痙攣性疼(teng)痛(tong),胸(xiong)悶、心悸(ji),呼吸急促困難。血(xue)(xue)尿(niao)或(huo)血(xue)(xue)紅(hong)蛋(dan)白尿(niao),出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)醬(jiang)油(you)色尿(niao)液。最(zui)后(hou)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)急性腎功能(neng)衰竭,甚(shen)至(zhi)死亡(wang)。是我國主要引起橫(heng)紋(wen)肌(ji)溶解型的品種,中(zhong)毒(du)(du)后(hou)立即就醫,目前尚無特效解毒(du)(du)劑,只能(neng)對癥處理。