一、荊芥穗和荊芥的區別
荊芥穗為唇形科植物荊芥的(de)花(hua)(hua)穗,為穗狀輪傘花(hua)(hua)序,長約(yue)0.5cm,不規則小段(duan)。花(hua)(hua)冠多(duo)脫落,宿(su)萼鐘狀,先(xian)端5齒(chi)裂(lie),淡棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)或黃綠色(se)(se),被短柔(rou)毛。小堅(jian)果棕(zong)(zong)黑色(se)(se)。氣芳香,味(wei)微澀(se)而涼。
二、荊芥穗的功效
荊(jing)芥(jie)有發(fa)汗解(jie)(jie)表(biao)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),且有祛(qu)風(feng)功效。荊(jing)芥(jie)穗效用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)相同(tong)(tong),惟(wei)發(fa)散(san)之力較強。荊(jing)芥(jie)主(zhu)要治療(liao)感冒風(feng)寒,發(fa)熱(re)惡寒、無(wu)汗、頭痛、身痛等癥,常與防風(feng)相需為用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。但也可(ke)(ke)配(pei)辛(xin)涼解(jie)(jie)表(biao)藥(yao)或清熱(re)解(jie)(jie)毒藥(yao)治療(liao)感冒風(feng)熱(re)、發(fa)熱(re)惡寒、目赤咽痛等癥,如薄荷、菊花、桑(sang)葉、銀花等。荊(jing)芥(jie)有辛(xin)散(san)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能助麻(ma)疹透發(fa),常與薄荷、蟬衣、牛蒡子等配(pei)合(he)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。荊(jing)芥(jie)又常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于瘡(chuang)瘍初(chu)起(qi)有表(biao)癥者,可(ke)(ke)配(pei)伍防風(feng)、銀花、連翹、赤芍等同(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),既退寒熱(re),又消癰腫(zhong)。荊(jing)芥(jie)炒炭(tan)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),有入血(xue)(xue)分而止(zhi)(zhi)血(xue)(xue)的作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于便血(xue)(xue)、崩漏等癥,在臨床上常配(pei)合(he)其它(ta)止(zhi)(zhi)血(xue)(xue)藥(yao)同(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
三、荊芥穗的作用
1、荊芥(jie)穗治痔(zhi)漏腫痛:荊芥(jie)煮湯,日(ri)日(ri)洗之。(《簡便單方》)
2、荊芥穗(sui)治小(xiao)便尿血(xue):荊芥、縮砂,等(deng)分。為(wei)末。糯(nuo)米飲下三錢(qian)日(ri)三服。(《瀕湖集簡方》)
3、荊芥(jie)穗治一(yi)切瘡(chuang)疥:荊芥(jie)、金銀花、土茯苓(ling),等分。為末(mo),熟地黃熬膏(gao)為丸,梧子大。每旦(dan)、晚各服百丸,茶酒(jiu)任下。(《本草(cao)匯(hui)言》)
4、荊(jing)芥穗治腳椏(ya)濕爛:荊(jing)芥葉搗敷(fu)之。(《簡便單方》)
5、荊(jing)芥穗治一切(qie)風(feng),口(kou)眼偏斜:青荊(jing)芥一斤(jin),青薄荷一斤(jin)。一處(chu)砂盆內(nei)研,生絹絞汁于磁器內(nei),煎成膏;余滓(zi)三分(fen),去一分(fen),將二分(fen)滓(zi)日(ri)干(gan)為末,以膏和為丸,如梧桐子大(da)。每(mei)服二十丸,早至暮(mu)可三服。忌動風(feng)物。(《經(jing)驗后方》)
6、荊芥穗治大便下(xia)血:荊芥二(er)兩,槐花一兩。炒紫為末。每服三錢(qian),清茶送下(xia)。(《簡便單方》)
7、荊(jing)芥(jie)穗(sui)治(zhi)風熱肺壅,咽喉(hou)腫痛,語聲不出(chu),或(huo)如有物哽:荊(jing)芥(jie)穗(sui)半(ban)兩,桔(jie)梗二兩,甘(gan)草(cao)(炙)一兩。上為粗末。每服四錢,水一盞,姜三(san)片,煎六分,去渣,食后溫服。(《局(ju)方》荊(jing)芥(jie)湯)