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【青島文化】青島歷史文化 青島民俗文化 青島風俗習慣

本文章由注冊用戶 壯志凌云 上傳提供 評論 發布 反饋 0
摘要:青島是一座歷史文化名城,中國道教的發祥地,6000年以前,這里已有了人類的生存和繁衍。不同時代的發展成就了今天的青島,隨著青島市的發展,青島市現在還有哪些民俗習慣呢?青島如今還保留了哪些歷史文化習俗呢?下面本文就為大家盤點了青島的一些民俗習慣,一起來了解一下青島都還有哪些民俗習慣吧。

歷史沿革

青島(dao)是中國道教(jiao)的發祥(xiang)地之一(yi)。新石器時代(dai),青(qing)島是東夷人繁衍生(sheng)息(xi)的主要地區(qu)之一,遺留了豐富多彩的大汶口文(wen)化(hua)、龍山文(wen)化(hua)和岳石文(wen)化(hua)。商周時期,青(qing)島(dao)是中(zhong)國海鹽的發祥地,位列中(zhong)國“四大(da)古(gu)鹽區”和“五大(da)古(gu)港”。春秋戰(zhan)國時期,青島(dao)建立了山東地區(qu)第二(er)大市鎮—即墨,“即墨故城(cheng)”(平度(du)市境(jing)內)是中國現(xian)存最早的(de)古代城(cheng)池遺址。秦始皇統一(yi)(yi)中國(guo)后(hou),五巡天(tian)下,三登瑯琊(ya)(青島黃島區境內)。據記載(zai),中國(guo)最早(zao)的一(yi)(yi)次涉洋遠航——徐福(fu)東渡朝(chao)鮮、日本(ben),就(jiu)是從(cong)瑯琊(ya)起航的。漢武帝(di)少(shao)年時代(dai)在不其(城陽區境內)做過(guo)膠東王,是中國有(you)記載的(de)到青島地域巡(xun)游次數最多的(de)皇帝(di)。唐宋時(shi)期,青(qing)島作為銜接南(nan)北航運的“中轉站”,成(cheng)為中國北方沿海最重要(yao)的交通樞(shu)紐和貿易口(kou)岸。宋時(shi)專門在板橋鎮(膠州市境(jing)內)設“市舶司”管理對外貿易。元朝(chao),為方便海(hai)運漕糧,開鑿了中國唯一的(de)海(hai)運河——縱貫山東(dong)半島的(de)膠萊運河。明清時期(qi),青島是(shi)中國(guo)北(bei)方重(zhong)要(yao)的海防(fang)要(yao)塞,時稱(cheng)膠澳。1891614日,清政府在膠(jiao)澳設(she)防,青島由此建置。18971114日,德國以“巨(ju)野(ye)教(jiao)案”為借口侵占青(qing)(qing)島(dao),青(qing)(qing)島(dao)淪為殖民地。1914年(nian),第一次世界大(da)戰爆發,日本取代德(de)國占領青島。1919年,以收回青島主權為導火索,爆發(fa)了“五四(si)運動”,這是中國近(jin)、現代(dai)歷史的(de)分水嶺。192212月(yue)10日(ri),中國(guo)北洋政府收回青(qing)島,辟為商(shang)埠(bu)。1929年(nian)7月,國民黨政府設青(qing)島特別(bie)市,1930年改(gai)稱(cheng)青島市。1938年(nian)1月,日本(ben)再(zai)次(ci)侵占青島。19459月,國民黨政(zheng)府接(jie)管青島(dao),仍為特別市。194962日,青島(dao)成為華(hua)北地區(qu)最后(hou)一座解放的城市(shi),改屬山東省轄市(shi)。1981年青(qing)島被列為中國15個(ge)經濟中心城市之一。1984年青島(dao)被(bei)列為中國(guo)14個沿(yan)海開放城(cheng)市之(zhi)一(yi)。1986年(nian)青島(dao)被列為5個計(ji)劃單列市之一。1994年青島被列(lie)為全國15個(ge)副省級城市(shi)之一。2011年青島被定位為山東半島藍(lan)色經(jing)濟區核心區的龍頭城市(shi)。

民俗文化

服飾民俗

服(fu)飾民(min)俗是(shi)指人們在服(fu)裝、鞋帽、佩戴、裝飾方(fang)面的風俗習慣。服(fu)飾和飲食一樣,是(shi)每個人都離不開(kai)的。

時代、氣(qi)候以(yi)至人(ren)的(de)地位(wei)、職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)、性(xing)別(bie)、年(nian)齡都對服飾有著直接的(de)影響,所(suo)以(yi)服飾民俗也(ye)有著十分(fen)廣泛的(de)內容。人(ren)們為(wei)了適應季節變化,制作出(chu)了單(dan)衣(yi)(yi)、夾衣(yi)(yi)、棉衣(yi)(yi)、皮衣(yi)(yi)等各類服裝;為(wei)了裝飾和(he)美化生活,按照不(bu)同性(xing)別(bie)、年(nian)齡,創造了各個時期不(bu)同的(de)發型、首飾和(he)佩戴方式(shi);為(wei)了區別(bie)不(bu)同的(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)分(fen)工,又出(chu)現(xian)了樣(yang)式(shi)各異的(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)服裝,使(shi)人(ren)們可以(yi)明(ming)顯地看出(chu)穿著者(zhe)的(de)身(shen)份和(he)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)。

生(sheng)活水平的高(gao)(gao)低(di)對(dui)服(fu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)民俗(su)起著舉足輕重的作用(yong)。舊時(shi),青島(dao)地區農(nong)民大都(dou)一年(nian)只(zhi)(zhi)有兩套(tao)(tao)服(fu)裝(一套(tao)(tao)單衣(yi)和(he)一套(tao)(tao)棉(mian)衣(yi)),還要“新(xin)三(san)(san)年(nian),舊三(san)(san)年(nian),縫縫補補又三(san)(san)年(nian)”,這(zhe)并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)節儉,而是(shi)貧窮所致。穿(chuan)衣(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)遮(zhe)蔽(bi)身(shen)體、抵(di)御風寒(han),根本談不(bu)上裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)審美功能。50年(nian)代以后農(nong)民開(kai)始穿(chuan)針織或(huo)細布(bu)內衣(yi),服(fu)裝布(bu)料不(bu)斷更新(xin)。改革(ge)開(kai)放以后,隨(sui)著人們(men)生(sheng)活水平的提高(gao)(gao),各(ge)類款(kuan)式的服(fu)裝爭(zheng)奇(qi)斗艷,人們(men)的服(fu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)再不(bu)是(shi)單純為(wei)了(le)蔽(bi)體御寒(han),而更多的則是(shi)為(wei)了(le)美化(hua)生(sheng)活而從款(kuan)式、用(yong)料、色彩等多方面(mian)進行選(xuan)擇和(he)穿(chuan)戴。

帽(mao)子 辛亥(hai)革命前,男子多戴瓜(gua)皮(pi)帽(mao),俗(su)稱(cheng)“半帽(mao)”或“瓜(gua)皮(pi)子”,因其形狀象(xiang)半個西瓜(gua)而得(de)名。瓜(gua)皮(pi)帽(mao)是用上尖下寬的(de)多塊(kuai)綢布做成,用琉璃蛋或絨布結(jie)為(wei)頂(ding)(ding)飾(叫(jiao)“帽(mao)葫蘆”)。紅色(se)頂(ding)(ding)飾為(wei)青年人所(suo)戴;中老年戴的(de)頂(ding)(ding)飾為(wei)藍色(se);家中遇有喪事(shi),則頂(ding)(ding)飾用白布包住。

氈帽,又稱“氈帽頭(tou)”,農(nong)民和(he)(he)商(shang)販多在天(tian)冷(leng)時戴用。帽分左(zuo)、右(you)、后(hou)3塊,翻上去是一圓形帽頭(tou),折下來(lai)可蓋住面頰(jia)和(he)(he)后(hou)頸(jing),多為褐(he)色。

“老(lao)頭(tou)樂”是老(lao)年人冬季愛戴(dai)的一種帽(mao)子(zi)(zi),也叫(jiao)“擼(lu)頭(tou)帽(mao)”或(huo)“滿頭(tou)擼(lu)”。帽(mao)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)圓筒(tong)形,卷上去是一軟(ruan)胎絨線帽(mao);擼(lu)下來,則臉(lian)和后頸全可遮掩(yan),僅露出(chu)雙眼(yan),由于寒效果(guo)甚佳,青年人也多戴(dai)用。

為(wei)防(fang)嚴寒,男子出門(men)多戴“耳(er)(er)捂(wu)(wu)”。耳(er)(er)捂(wu)(wu)是用藍黑綢布作(zuo)面料(liao),里絮(xu)棉花,邊(bian)緣縫上兔(tu)毛,中系一(yi)繩,掛兩耳(er)(er)上。也有人叫(jiao)其(qi)為(wei)“耳(er)(er)套”。

20年代起,禮帽(mao)在民間流行,多(duo)與長衫配合穿(chuan)用。

葦笠為農民和(he)市販勞動(dong)者夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)戴(dai)用(yong),呈六角形,由葦篾或(huo)高(gao)梁千篾編制而(er)成,布帶(dai)系頦下,用(yong)以(yi)遮陽和(he)避雨。城鎮男人夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)則多戴(dai)草(cao)(cao)辮編的形同禮(li)帽(mao)的草(cao)(cao)帽(mao)或(huo)圓(yuan)頂草(cao)(cao)帽(mao)。

中青年(nian)婦(fu)女多不戴(dai)帽(mao)(mao),有的老(lao)年(nian)婦(fu)女戴(dai)一(yi)種(zhong)叫頭箍(gu)的“箍(gu)帽(mao)(mao)”,是(shi)用兩片約(yue)6厘米寬的絨(rong)布做好后,用兩根(gen)小帶箍(gu)在頭上。另一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)用黑色平絨(rong)做成的軟帽(mao)(mao),帽(mao)(mao)前飾以(yi)綠(lv)色琉(liu)璃“帽(mao)(mao)珠”,叫“老(lao)婆(po)帽(mao)(mao)子”。

“虎頭帽”是7歲以(yi)下小(xiao)孩戴(dai)的風帽,前(qian)短(duan)后長,帽頂的兩旁(pang)縫一(yi)(yi)撮白色兔毛,正(zheng)中(zhong)繡一(yi)(yi)“王”字。嶗山民間認為(wei),山中(zhong)野(ye)獸很多,易傷孩子,虎為(wei)獸中(zhong)王,戴(dai)虎帽可消災避難。

建國后,“干部帽”流行,“鴨舌帽”卻受人冷落,原因(yin)是(shi)在戲劇電(dian)影以至民間秧歌中(zhong),扮(ban)演特務(wu)者都(dou)戴這種帽子,所以人們都(dou)叫(jiao)它“特務(wu)帽”。

軍帽在“文革”初期特別受人(ren)喜愛(ai),一些(xie)青(qing)年人(ren)以戴上一頂綠(lv)色軍帽而感(gan)榮耀。

進入80年代,隨著人(ren)們審美意識的(de)增強,帽子除(chu)實用功能(neng)外,其裝飾美化生(sheng)活的(de)功能(neng)日(ri)顯突出,不同樣式、不同色(se)調的(de)單(dan)帽、棉帽、草帽等(deng),爭奇斗艷(yan),使(shi)服飾文化更加豐富(fu)多彩。

發型 辛(xin)亥革(ge)命后,男子剪(jian)去長辮子,鄉(xiang)間人多剃光頭(tou)(tou),俗(su)稱“和尚頭(tou)(tou)”。城(cheng)鎮人多蓄發,發式有平頭(tou)(tou)、分(fen)頭(tou)(tou)兩(liang)種,分(fen)頭(tou)(tou)又有正分(fen)、偏分(fen)、背頭(tou)(tou)等樣式。

女(nv)子發型是(shi)幼年(nian)扎(zha)“髻”,即(ji)在頭(tou)部綰(wan)雙(shuang)髻。長大(da)未(wei)婚(hun)時梳(shu)一(yi)長辮,辮稍扎(zha)頭(tou)繩,垂背(bei)后。結婚(hun)后綰(wan)一(yi)圓髻,套發網,盤腦后,稱(cheng)“綰(wan)纂(zuan)”。年(nian)老頭(tou)發稀疏,纂(zuan)小,稱(cheng)“鬏(jiu)鬏(jiu)”。

男童發(fa)(fa)型,有的在(zai)前額留片發(fa)(fa),其余頭發(fa)(fa)全部推光,叫“瓦瓦檐檐”。

40年代,中(zhong)(zhong)青年婦(fu)女多(duo)剪短發,俗稱(cheng)“披毛”。一種額前頭(tou)發隆起的(de)叫做“飛機頭(tou)”的(de)發型曾在(zai)即(ji)墨(mo)、嶗山(shan)一帶已婚(hun)婦(fu)女中(zhong)(zhong)盛行一時(shi)。

解放(fang)初期,興梳雙辮,有(you)人認(ren)為辮子越(yue)長越(yue)美,最(zui)長者幾可(ke)垂(chui)地。

70年代(dai),留短發者增多(duo),有的(de)在頭(tou)兩側各梳一(yi)短辮,叫“扎兩把刷(shua)子(zi)”。在腦(nao)后將頭(tou)發攏起,群眾戲(xi)稱(cheng)“鴉鵲尾巴(ba)”。

80年代(dai),流行燙發,初(chu)傳到(dao)農(nong)村時,農(nong)婦們(men)曾謔稱為(wei)“鴉鵲窩”,如今燙發者很普遍,發式越來越多樣(yang)化了。

上(shang)衣(yi)、下衣(yi) 清代(dai),豪門富家(jia)男(nan)子穿長(chang)袍馬褂(gua)。馬褂(gua)是(shi)一(yi)個半身小(xiao)罩褂(gua),馬蹄袖,穿時袖口白野子翻出。女(nv)子穿右(you)襟(jin)上(shang)衣(yi),下系長(chang)裙或肥褲。一(yi)般人家(jia),男(nan)女(nv)都穿粗布短(duan)衣(yi),俗稱(cheng)“更衣(yi)”,上(shang)衣(yi)分單衫(亦叫“小(xiao)褂(gua)”)、夾襖、棉襖3類(lei)。男(nan)上(shang)衣(yi)為對襟(jin),下端左(zuo)右(you)兩邊有兩個長(chang)方兜,一(yi)排布制扣(kou)子,稱(cheng)“子母扣(kou)”。女(nv)上(shang)衣(yi)都逞大襟(jin),大襟(jin)從(cong)左(zuo)到(dao)右(you)可把全胸裹住(zhu)。老年人還喜歡(huan)用約(yue)10厘米寬的布帶(dai)扎腿(tui),布帶(dai)稱(cheng)“腿(tui)帶(dai)”,多為黑色。

20年(nian)代后,馬褂(gua)漸被淘汰(tai),但(dan)長(chang)(chang)袍、長(chang)(chang)衫(shan)(亦稱“大褂(gua)”)仍很流行,是知識(shi)分子、商人(ren)、鄉紳(shen)們(men)的常用服裝。戴禮帽、穿長(chang)(chang)衫(shan)是會(hui)親放(fang)友和禮節(jie)交往中(zhong)的最好穿戴。直到50年(nian)代長(chang)(chang)衫(shan)才(cai)逐漸淘汰(tai),如今,說唱藝人(ren)在舞臺上也很少穿用了(le)。

旗袍(pao)也(ye)從20年(nian)代(dai)起廣(guang)為流行。40年(nian)代(dai),一(yi)種(zhong)仁丹士林布的藍色旗袍(pao)很(hen)受青(qing)年(nian)學生青(qing)睞。

50年代,男子(zi)穿(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)山服(fu)(fu)和學生(sheng)服(fu)(fu)的居多。冬季(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)棉大衣或呢(ni)子(zi)大衣(鄉(xiang)間(jian)人習慣(guan)稱呢(ni)子(zi)大衣為“大氅”),夏季(ji)興穿(chuan)(chuan)制服(fu)(fu)短(duan)褲。女子(zi)多穿(chuan)(chuan)列寧服(fu)(fu)和連衣裙,但(dan)流行時間(jian)不長,冬季(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)種帽(mao)子(zi)和上衣連在一(yi)起(qi)的短(duan)大衣,有棉、皮兩種,分別叫“棉猴”和“皮猴”。農民仍多著便衣褲褂,布(bu)(bu)料有所改善,土布(bu)(bu)漸汰淘汰,燈(deng)芯絨布(bu)(bu)普遍。春秋衫(shan)針織品(pin)穿(chuan)(chuan)著也(ye)很廣泛。

60年(nian)代(dai)(dai)到70年(nian)代(dai)(dai),化纖、化棉(mian)混(hun)紡布暢,補丁衣服(fu)基(ji)本絕跡。80年(nian)代(dai)(dai),男女穿西服(fu)的增多,各類衣服(fu)顏色也由灰(hui)、黃(huang)、藍變為(wei)五顏六色。

90年代,服(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)樣(yang)式更趨多(duo)樣(yang)化,人(ren)們(men)追求(qiu)(qiu)款(kuan)式、追求(qiu)(qiu)新潮。西服(fu)(fu)、夾克(ke)服(fu)(fu)、太空服(fu)(fu)、T恤(xu)衫(shan)、獵(lie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、裘皮服(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)等絢多(duo)彩(cai)。老(lao)年人(ren)服(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)也(ye)重視款(kuan)式,追求(qiu)(qiu)鮮艷色(se)調。

除常(chang)用(yong)(yong)服(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)外,民間(jian)尚有一些服(fu)(fu)飾為不同年齡的(de)人專用(yong)(yong)。

“緊身(shen)”,一種(zhong)紅色內衣(yi),布扣密(mi)(mi)密(mi)(mi)麻麻,穿(chuan)時(shi)緊貼上(shang)身(shen),為青年女子(zi)婚前必備,婚后也要穿(chuan)一段(duan)時(shi)間。

“肚兜”,也(ye)是青(qing)年婦(fu)女(nv)的一(yi)種內衣,正方形,上部(bu)成淺半(ban)圓,下(xia)角圓形,設布帶系腰圍(wei)間,兜面多繡(xiu)石榴、壽桃等吉祥(xiang)圖案(an)。兒童也(ye)在夏季穿戴。

“*褲(ku)”,也叫“套(tao)褲(ku)”,是老年(nian)人穿的一種開襠棉褲(ku)。臀部(bu)及大腿(tui)后上(shang)部(bu)裸露(lu),穿時套(tao)在單褲(ku)外。

“百(bai)家衣(yi)”,亦(yi)稱“百(bai)納衣(yi)”,由百(bai)十戶人家討來的各色花布(bu)做(zuo)成,為(wei)兒童穿(chuan)用,舊俗認(ren)為(wei)穿(chuan)“百(bai)家衣(yi)”的孩(hai)童好(hao)養活。

鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、襪 布鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)在(zai)青島民間已流行100余年,因穿著舒適輕便(bian),至今仍受到人們特別是老年人的(de)(de)喜愛。布鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)一般為圓頭、圓口(kou)、布幫、布底,做(zuo)(zuo)時要(yao)經過(guo)搓麻繩、納鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)底、做(zuo)(zuo)鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)幫、绱鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)等多道工序。舊時,新(xin)媳婦(fu)過(guo)門前要(yao)給婆(po)家每一個人做(zuo)(zuo)一雙新(xin)鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),婆(po)家以針線活的(de)(de)好壞,評(ping)說媳婦(fu)的(de)(de)巧拙。如今,機制商品鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)到處都有,已很少(shao)有人自己做(zuo)(zuo)鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)穿了。

30年代(dai)到40年代(dai),繡(xiu)花(hua)鞋在農婦中曾廣為(wei)流行。繡(xiu)花(hua)鞋亦布底、布幫、圓口,只是在鞋頭、鞋幫處用絲(si)線繡(xiu)上梅花(hua)、蘭(lan)花(hua)、荷(he)花(hua)、菊花(hua)等花(hua)樣,新(xin)婚婦女必穿。

過(guo)去還有幾種民(min)(min)間自制的、實(shi)用而不美觀的靴鞋受(shou)到農民(min)(min)的歡迎。

豬(zhu)皮(pi)靴(xue)(俗名“豬(zhu)皮(pi)綁”),是用整塊(kuai)豬(zhu)皮(pi)縫制(zhi)的,內裝(zhuang)牛、羊毛,既御寒,又防(fang)滑(hua)。據傳(chuan)此靴(xue)源(yuan)于戰國(guo)時期,齊國(guo)軍師孫臏(bin)為保護被削去髕骨的傷腿(tui),用獸(shou)皮(pi)制(zhi)成有史以來第(di)一雙過膝(xi)皮(pi)靴(xue),供作戰時穿用,齊人盡(jin)效仿(fang),流傳(chuan)下來。

熬皮綁(bang),是(shi)用(yong)(yong)輪胎外帶作(zuo)(zuo)鞋底、簾子布作(zuo)(zuo)鞋面制(zhi)成的。因結實耐(nai)穿(chuan)、價格低廉,嶗山(shan)、即(ji)墨等山(shan)區農民多穿(chuan)用(yong)(yong)。

夫(fu)子履,是在鞋前(qian)用較硬(ying)(ying)皮革做成單(dan)條或雙條凸筋,分別叫“單(dan)梁夫(fu)子履”和“雙梁夫(fu)子履”。因其形如抓勾,所(suo)以又叫“抓勾鞋”。鞋的(de)前(qian)頭(tou)堅硬(ying)(ying)結(jie)實,踢到(dao)硬(ying)(ying)物時可(ke)保護腳趾,平(ping)度一帶山(shan)民(min)穿用者較多。

另有(you)虎(hu)頭鞋(xie),為(wei)孩童穿用(yong),與虎(hu)頭帽用(yong)意相同,意在消災(zai)。

如今,農民平時(shi)勞動多穿膠鞋(xie),節日和會親訪友時(shi)穿皮鞋(xie)。在城鎮,皮鞋(xie)、皮靴、旅(lv)游鞋(xie)都(dou)很流行,款式繁多。

襪(wa)(wa)子,從(cong)前農民穿布(bu)襪(wa)(wa),多用手搖紡車織(zhi)的(de)“小土布(bu)”做成,耐穿,但(dan)粗(cu)糙厚重。后來,機制線(xian)襪(wa)(wa)傳入,因(yin)穿著舒適(shi),很(hen)快(kuai)流行開來。線(xian)襪(wa)(wa)不結實(shi),易破,破時用碎布(bu)補綴。如今(jin),人們(men)普遍穿尼龍襪(wa)(wa),但(dan)精制線(xian)襪(wa)(wa)也很(hen)時興。

首(shou)飾、佩(pei)戴(dai) 舊時,婦女的飾物佩(pei)戴(dai)有(you)耳墜、頭(tou)簪、手鐲、項鎖、戒指等多種。耳墜俗稱“墜子”,平(ping)時佩(pei)戴(dai)是一對圓圈形(xing)的小耳環(huan),也叫“圈兒”,節日和(he)禮儀往(wang)來則戴(dai)長(chang)墜。有(you)的男

手(shou)鐲在民間也很流行,成年人戴(dai)的為平板式,飾(shi)(shi)有(you)花(hua)紋。小(xiao)(xiao)孩(hai)戴(dai)的為圓形(xing),對接處(chu)有(you)兩(liang)個小(xiao)(xiao)圓豆,以避免損傷皮肉。有(you)的在手(shou)鐲上(shang)系一對小(xiao)(xiao)鈴鐺,小(xiao)(xiao)孩(hai)搖動小(xiao)(xiao)手(shou),嘩嘩作響,饒有(you)情趣(qu)。小(xiao)(xiao)孩(hai)還戴(dai)鎖(suo),是鎖(suo)住小(xiao)(xiao)孩(hai)好養的意思。百家鎖(suo)(也叫“長命鎖(suo)”)是小(xiao)(xiao)孩(hai)過百日時的必戴(dai)飾(shi)(shi)物(wu)。

舊時,除富戶、官宦人家(jia)有金鐲、金墜(zhui)、金戒指外,一般人家(jia)的飾物(wu)都是銀制的。近幾年,戴金戒指、金耳環很普(pu)遍,金項鏈、金手鏈、金腳(jiao)鏈也已(yi)進入尋常百姓家(jia)。

在服(fu)(fu)飾民俗中,服(fu)(fu)飾的顏色(se)、樣式、制作方法都有許多禁忌。如子(zi)女在服(fu)(fu)孝期間不能穿(chuan)紅、黃、綠(lv)等(deng)鮮(xian)艷色(se)彩(cai)服(fu)(fu)裝,只能穿(chuan)白、灰、黑(hei)等(deng)素(su)色(se);婚(hun)嫁、生(sheng)育、過(guo)年等(deng)喜慶日(ri)子(zi)則忌穿(chuan)白、有的禁忌與(yu)諧(xie)音有關,如做壽衣忌用緞子(zi),“緞”與(yu)“斷”同(tong)音,恐(kong)斷子(zi)絕(jue)孫。

黑素色(se),結婚時甚至新郎穿的(de)襯(chen)衣也不(bu)用白布;衣服(fu)的(de)下擺忌有毛(mao)邊,帶毛(mao)邊的(de)是喪服(fu),穿了不(bu)吉利。

在民間(jian),許多習俗中都(dou)認為雙數(shu)吉利,衣服扣子卻喜單忌(ji)雙,說是“四(si)六不成(cheng)才”,雙數(shu)會影響穿衣人事業的成(cheng)功(gong)。

衣服破(po)了或掉了扣子,忌穿在身(shen)上(shang)縫(feng)補(bu)。如果必須在身(shen)上(shang)補(bu),被縫(feng)者口中要銜(xian)一根(gen)草,說這樣針不扎人。

男人(ren)還忌從(cong)晾曬的女人(ren)褲下(xia)走過,說(shuo)這會妨礙男人(ren)運氣,實(shi)際上是輕視(shi)婦女的一種(zhong)表現(xian)。

孩子只在左耳朵上戴一只小墜子,說是“曳”著好養活。

結婚后的婦(fu)女帶簪,梳(shu)頭(tou)時插(cha)在纂上。簪一(yi)般(ban)為平板式,上部(bu)(bu)微彎,下部(bu)(bu)尖(jian)細。另有一(yi)種針形簪子,簪頭(tou)鑲有珠子或珠花。

飲食民俗

青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俗屬(shu)于(yu)我國北方類型(xing),受(shou)京津一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶影響很(hen)深(shen)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),雜(za)以(yi)谷子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、高(gao)梁、豆(dou)類(黃豆(dou)、綠(lv)豆(dou)、豇豆(dou)、紅(hong)豆(dou))、黍(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)五谷雜(za)糧.副(fu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),肉(rou)類、蛋類過(guo)去是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尋常(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家辦喜事和(he)(he)待客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍品(pin)(pin)(pin)。 城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)村都通(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)三餐(can),早(zao)晚稱(cheng)“朝(chao)(chao)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,午飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱(cheng)“晌飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,晚飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱(cheng)“夜飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。農(nong)(nong)村在(zai)(zai)冬(dong)閑時(shi)則一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)兩(liang)(liang)餐(can),稱(cheng)“吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)兩(liang)(liang)頓(dun)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。過(guo)去,農(nong)(nong)村朝(chao)(chao)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)高(gao)梁面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),配以(yi)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。高(gao)梁面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)統(tong)稱(cheng)“粘粥”,也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“糊涂”。晌飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)摻上(shang)(shang)(shang)豇豆(dou)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)綠(lv)豆(dou)。夜飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao))。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安排叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“兩(liang)(liang)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)”。如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)村飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)化(hua)較大(da),大(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)尋常(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家常(chang)(chang)便飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肉(rou)習(xi)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)常(chang)(chang),玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)已很(hen)少(shao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),農(nong)(nong)閑時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“兩(liang)(liang)頓(dun)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”也(ye)多(duo)(duo)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)三餐(can),然(ran)而早(zao)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)粥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣無(wu)論(lun)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)村都沒有(you)(you)(you)改(gai)變(bian)。下面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)就(jiu)具體介紹幾種(zhong)“美食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi):這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)去青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們習(xi)慣叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“苞米(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)帶頭(tou)同加水(shui)(shui)放(fang)入(ru)鍋(guo)(guo)內(nei)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),有(you)(you)(you)烀餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、蒸(zheng)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)。菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)加野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)青(qing)(qing)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)葉(xie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)(guo)蒸(zheng)熟(shu)(shu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們度荒年時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),現已無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。另外還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)許(xu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“發(fa)糕(gao)”,則屬(shu)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin),多(duo)(duo)在(zai)(zai)節日(ri)(ri)中食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)就(jiu)咸(xian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)(xia)醬(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)沿海(hai)漁民(min)中最(zui)常(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)。咸(xian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中以(yi)咸(xian)鲅(ba)(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、咸(xian)刀魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(帶魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu))和(he)(he)咸(xian)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)鱗為(wei)(wei)最(zui)佳(jia)(jia),蝦(xia)(xia)醬(jiang)(jiang)則有(you)(you)(you)蝦(xia)(xia)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)醬(jiang)(jiang)、蟹醬(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)蝦(xia)(xia)頭(tou)醬(jiang)(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對蝦(xia)(xia)頭(tou)磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)。山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)喜歡大(da)蔥蘸大(da)醬(jiang)(jiang)就(jiu)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),大(da)醬(jiang)(jiang)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)家自己(ji)制作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),有(you)(you)(you)豆(dou)瓣(ban)醬(jiang)(jiang)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)醬(jiang)(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)制作(zuo)),其中用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃豆(dou)發(fa)酵做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆(dou)豉,摻以(yi)蘿卜(bu)丁、胡蘿卜(bu)丁、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)絲(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)(deng),吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)鮮(xian)(xian)美可(ke)(ke)(ke)品(pin)(pin)(pin),特別受(shou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們喜愛。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua):學名甘薯,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區,特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)、萊西(xi)、嶗山(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。由(you)于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)產量(liang)高(gao),莖(jing)葉(xie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)喂牲(sheng)畜(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)飼料,又適(shi)于(yu)山(shan)嶺薄(bo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)植(zhi),所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)山(shan)區廣(guang)泛栽(zai)種(zhong)。 鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)怕凍(dong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)好(hao)(hao)儲藏。萊西(xi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)冬(dong)天多(duo)(duo)把地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)屋內(nei)頂棚(peng)上(shang)(shang)(shang);即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)、嶗山(shan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)則多(duo)(duo)堆(dui)積在(zai)(zai)生火的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炕頭(tou),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)在(zai)(zai)屋內(nei)挖地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)窖存放(fang)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般可(ke)(ke)(ke)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)到來(lai)年春,所(suo)以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)半年糧”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說法(fa)(fa)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang),除鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)煮(zhu)(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)擦絲(si)(si)煮(zhu)(zhu)粥外,主(zhu)(zhu)要地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)切片(pian)和(he)(he)擦絲(si)(si)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan),分(fen)別叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)”、“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)”。將(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)碾(nian)碎磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),即(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“豆(dou)包(bao)”,不(bu)(bu)(bu)太好(hao)(hao)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),所(suo)以(yi)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)“別拿著(zhu)豆(dou)包(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)當干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)糧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俗語,意思(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別瞧不(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)只能煮(zhu)(zhu)著(zhu)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),由(you)于(yu)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)口(kou),如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)(jin)很(hen)少(shao)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),只能做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)飼料了(le)(le)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)單(dan)獨(du)和(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)烙餅(bing)(bing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)烀餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),還(huan)(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)與其他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉混合包(bao)餃(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、搟面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)其他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)些做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)很(hen)有(you)(you)(you)特色,如(ru)(ru)(ru)采一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“筋(jin)骨草(cao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)榆樹(shu)皮,搗(dao)碎后(hou)(hou)和(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混合,搟成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao),放(fang)鍋(guo)(guo)內(nei)箅子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)蒸(zheng),鍋(guo)(guo)底煮(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鹵(lu),熟(shu)(shu)悉后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鹵(lu)澆(jiao)在(zai)(zai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鍋(guo)(guo)熟(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們給(gei)起(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)個很(hen)形(xing)(xing)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名字,叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“二起(qi)(qi)樓(lou)”。還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“金銀卷”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)分(fen)3層卷起(qi)(qi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)(guo)蒸(zheng)熟(shu)(shu)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。金銀卷黃、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)、黑三色相間,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)香里(li)透甜(tian),這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區也(ye)很(hen)盛(sheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)以(yi)前是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),所(suo)以(yi),在(zai)(zai)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)多(duo)(duo)花樣(yang)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)(jin),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)生活(huo)水(shui)(shui)平提高(gao)了(le)(le),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)歷史,但“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)”仍深(shen)受(shou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們喜愛。烤(kao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)(zao)、炸(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片(pian)還(huan)(huan)擁有(you)(you)(you)大(da)批的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛好(hao)(hao)者。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)(zao)(萊西(xi)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)陰干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan))是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)冬(dong)天把煮(zhu)(zhu)熟(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切片(pian)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)后(hou)(hou)密封于(yu)缸(gang)、壇內(nei),到春天取出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)醭,味道甚佳(jia)(jia)。炸(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片(pian)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薄(bo)片(pian),上(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)(guo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油炸(zha)熟(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou),撒上(shang)(shang)(shang)砂糖,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)香脆可(ke)(ke)(ke)口(kou)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)(zao)、炸(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 片(pian),在(zai)(zai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)攤和(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)店(dian)里(li)多(duo)(duo)有(you)(you)(you)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)售。米(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區不(bu)(bu)(bu)產大(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi),過(guo)去,大(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)只有(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)錢(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐(can)桌(zhuo)(zhuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)方能見到,尋常(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)把做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“撈干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,作(zuo)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)加水(shui)(shui)煮(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)半熟(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou),把湯(tang)(tang)(tang)濾出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)再上(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)(guo)蒸(zheng),濾出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)汁叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“飲湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”,這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang),飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)后(hou)(hou)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)全有(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)既省柴草(cao)又省工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)法(fa)(fa),世代相傳,直到如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)(jin)。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)里(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)加上(shang)(shang)(shang)紅(hong)豆(dou),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)綠(lv)豆(dou),則飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)更香,味道也(ye)各不(bu)(bu)(bu)相同。有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們還(huan)(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)胡米(mi)(mi)(mi)(高(gao)粱(liang)米(mi)(mi)(mi))或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)慘子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。慘子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皮厚(hou)產量(liang)低,做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)味道不(bu)(bu)(bu)佳(jia)(jia),如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)(jin)已無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)栽(zai)種(zhong)。 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黍(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“大(da)黃米(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)它包(bao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮蒸(zheng)糕(gao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)節日(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。稀(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):農(nong)(nong)家常(chang)(chang)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、胡休(xiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)和(he)(he)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)渣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、胡休(xiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)熬成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)營養豐富,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)婦女“坐月子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”和(he)(he)伺候老人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、病人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳(jia)(jia)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)許(xu)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)摻上(shang)(shang)(shang)野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、再加點鹽做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)前度荒年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo):也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“饅頭(tou)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)逢年過(guo)節、祭祖供(gong)神和(he)(he)親友(you)之間禮儀(yi)往來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin),花樣(yang)繁多(duo)(duo)。 棗(zao)(zao)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)頂端做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)5個棗(zao)(zao)鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),嵌上(shang)(shang)(shang)紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)蒸(zheng)熟(shu)(shu),作(zuo)供(gong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);磕(ke)(ke)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)模(俗稱(cheng)“餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)磕(ke)(ke)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”)磕(ke)(ke)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)蓮蓬、魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、桃、蟬、獅、猴等(deng)(deng)(deng)形(xing)(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)贈送(song)親友(you)和(he)(he)節日(ri)(ri)期間食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 在(zai)(zai)重要節慶日(ri)(ri),如(ru)(ru)(ru)祭海(hai),漁婦們還(huan)(huan)在(zai)(zai)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)(xia)、蟹、貝、花卉或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雞、燕等(deng)(deng)(deng)動植(zhi)物面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)塑,形(xing)(xing)象(xiang)逼真(zhen),造型(xing)美觀,使人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)樂于(yu)觀賞,不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍心吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)掉。面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao):青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)習(xi)慣叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”,由(you)農(nong)(nong)婦們和(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)搟面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)杖搟成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),按(an)形(xing)(xing)狀分(fen),有(you)(you)(you)寬面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)、棋子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)塊面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀切成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)菱角型(xing))和(he)(he)細(xi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)等(deng)(deng)(deng),寬面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“寬心面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結婚(hun)時(shi)新郎新娘必吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin),現在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉婚(hun)禮中仍很(hen)流行(xing)(xing)(xing)。按(an)糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)類分(fen),有(you)(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)百(bai)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)、豌豆(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)、雜(za)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)由(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混合而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))、“三條(tiao)腿面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”(由(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直豆(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)褂成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang),片(pian)薄(bo)光滑,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)非常(chang)(chang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)口(kou)。餃(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi):在(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)村叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“滑扎(zha)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)最(zui)愛吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。過(guo)去,老百(bai)姓(xing)家只有(you)(you)(you)過(guo)節或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)招待客(ke)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)時(shi)才包(bao)餃(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。常(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)豬肉(rou)餡、蘿卜(bu)絲(si)(si)蝦(xia)(xia)皮餡、韭菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)餡等(deng)(deng)(deng)餃(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。沿海(hai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)餃(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)很(hen)有(you)(you)(you)特色,其中以(yi)鲅(ba)(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)餃(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)最(zui)佳(jia)(jia)。青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)區至今(jin)(jin)(jin)在(zai)(zai)谷雨前后(hou)(hou)鲅(ba)(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi) 時(shi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)向老人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)送(song)鲅(ba)(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、讓父(fu)母嘗鮮(xian)(xian)鲅(ba)(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)餃(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗。 近年來(lai),還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(薺菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai))餡餃(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)很(hen)得青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)青(qing)(qing)睞,春季(ji)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些大(da)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)店(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐(can)桌(zhuo)(zhuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)常(chang)(chang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)見到。

居住民俗

居住(zhu)(zhu)(又稱“住(zhu)(zhu)所(suo))是人(ren)(ren)類抵御風寒和(he)休息繁衍的(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo),是人(ren)(ren)們賴以生(sheng)存的(de)(de)重要條件之一。受生(sheng)活的(de)(de)地域、環境條件等(deng)影響,我(wo)國各地居住(zhu)(zhu)類型、房(fang)屋(wu)樣式都有所(suo)不同(tong),居住(zhu)(zhu)風俗也多種多樣。

青島地區(qu)農村房(fang)(fang)屋結構(gou)與我(wo)國北方地區(qu)的房(fang)(fang)屋結構(gou)相(xiang)似,建房(fang)(fang)多(duo)取向陽(yang)山坡,講究(jiu)向陽(yang)背陰、依山靠水。房(fang)(fang)屋為土木(mu)磚(zhuan)石結構(gou),一(yi)列3至5間(jian),與左鄰(lin)右舍接山連墻,屋頂為“人”字型(亦(yi)稱“雙(shuang)流水型”)。建有正屋、東(dong)西廂屋或倒屋,各(ge)家(jia)自成院落(luo)。以三(san)合院居多(duo)。

村莊大(da)小不一,少(shao)者(zhe)幾(ji)戶(hu)(hu),大(da)的數百(bai)戶(hu)(hu),近年又出現(xian)了不少(shao)千戶(hu)(hu)大(da)村。

1897年后,德(de)國,日(ri)本先后侵占青島。隨(sui)著港口和市政的建設,大批農民涌入市區,當時西鎮(zhen)一帶建起了10個平(ping)民院,臺東鎮(zhen)的南(nan)山、仲家(jia)洼等處也(ye)陸續出(chu)現(xian)了一些(xie)棚戶區。這(zhe)些(xie)院區建房(fang)無規劃,房(fang)屋低矮陰暗,環(huan)境惡劣,除“人”字型屋頂外,還出(chu)現(xian)了許多一面坡房(fang)屋,人們(men)習慣叫“道士帽(mao)”。由于居住環(huan)境、條件(jian)的改變,一些(xie)千百(bai)年來(lai)傳承(cheng)下來(lai)的居住民俗也(ye)就無法延續下來(lai)。

80年代(dai)起,政府推行舊城改造工程,90年代(dai)又實行安居(ju)工程。現在(zai),平民(min)院和棚戶區已相(xiang)細建(jian)成居(ju)民(min)小區,樓群(qun)林立,環境優美,人們居(ju)住(zhu)條件(jian)大為改善。

在此期間,青島(dao)地(di)區農村的老(lao)式住(zhu)房也多為(wei)美觀(guan)的住(zhu)宅樓代替。居住(zhu)由(you)單(dan)純實用型(xing)向注重審(shen)美型(xing)發展。一些現代建筑材料被(bei)廣泛采(cai)用,不少村莊也出現了樓群。

村(cun)莊 青(qing)島農村(cun)除極少數住(zhu)“山庵(an)”的看(kan)山人外(wai),多聚集一起居住(zhu),因(yin)而構成大小不(bu)同的建筑群,稱作“村(cun)”、“莊”、“仝”或“屯”。

村里(li)的(de)(de)道路,大(da)的(de)(de)叫“街(jie)(jie)”,多為(wei)東(dong)西(xi)向,稱前街(jie)(jie)、后街(jie)(jie)。大(da)的(de)(de)村莊(zhuang)街(jie)(jie)多,則冠姓氏為(wei)街(jie)(jie)名,如張家街(jie)(jie)、王家街(jie)(jie)。

小的道(dao)路稱(cheng)“胡(hu)同(tong)”,多以姓氏、堂號、村中名人或(huo)樹木為名,如宋家胡(hu)同(tong)、福來胡(hu)同(tong)、解元胡(hu)同(tong)、老槐(huai)樹胡(hu)同(tong)等;很狹窄的小路稱(cheng)“夾道(dao)”;閑(xian)散人經常聚集閑(xian)談的地方稱(cheng)“懶漢子窩”、“老頭(tou)窩”。

有(you)些村名(ming)很(hen)有(you)特色,也很(hen)有(you)趣,如萊西張(zhang)哥(ge)(ge)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)是因為有(you)一個姓(xing)張(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)漢子在這里安(an)家(jia)(jia)(jia)落戶而(er)得名(ming)。此人豪爽,樂于助人,附近人尊稱為張(zhang)哥(ge)(ge),村名(ming)也就成了(le)張(zhang)哥(ge)(ge)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)。因“哥(ge)(ge)”、“格”“戈”同音,以后就出現了(le)像周(zhou)戈莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、夏格莊(zhuang)(zhuang)等(deng)(deng)村名(ming)。這種以姓(xing)氏為名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)村莊(zhuang)(zhuang)非常多,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)直接叫(jiao)“岳家(jia)(jia)(jia)”、“趙家(jia)(jia)(jia)”,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)則(ze)加“屯(tun)”、“溝(gou)”、“店”等(deng)(deng)字(zi),叫(jiao)“梁家(jia)(jia)(jia)仝”、“于家(jia)(jia)(jia)屯(tun)”、“王家(jia)(jia)(jia)溝(gou)”、“徐家(jia)(jia)(jia)店”等(deng)(deng)。

有(you)(you)的(de)(de)村是以建村人(ren)的(de)(de)特征(zheng)而得名(ming)(ming)。萊西有(you)(you)個(ge)李(li)(li)胡(hu)子(zi)(zi)莊(zhuang),是因為清嘉慶年間,一個(ge)叫(jiao)李(li)(li)克(ke)用的(de)(de)人(ren)此建村,他(ta)胡(hu)子(zi)(zi)很長,人(ren)稱“李(li)(li)胡(hu)子(zi)(zi)”,日久,這村就叫(jiao)做“李(li)(li)胡(hu)子(zi)(zi)莊(zhuang)”。后來,有(you)(you)人(ren)感到此名(ming)(ming)不(bu)雅,民國初年該村名(ming)(ming)就演化成今天的(de)(de)“李(li)(li)虎莊(zhuang)”。

也有的以建村(cun)人(ren)的職業為(wei)村(cun)名。嶗山有個(ge)皂(zao)戶(hu)村(cun),因(yin)為(wei)明永樂年間有幾家用灶(zao)具燒鹽(yan)戶(hu)來此定居(ju),宋代稱鹽(yan)戶(hu)為(wei)“皂(zao)戶(hu)”,這個(ge)村(cun)也就叫做(zuo)“皂(zao)戶(hu)村(cun)”。

有(you)(you)不(bu)少村(cun)莊(zhuang)是(shi)以(yi)神話傳(chuan)(chuan)說中(zhong)的(de)名(ming)(ming)稱命名(ming)(ming)的(de)。嶗山(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)個女(nv)(nv)姑(gu)山(shan)(shan)村(cun),因為(wei)村(cun)南有(you)(you)個“老姑(gu)庵”廟(miao),廟(miao)內的(de)主(zhu)神人(ren)(ren)稱“女(nv)(nv)姑(gu)”,傳(chuan)(chuan)說是(shi)《封神榜(bang)》中(zhong)趙公明元帥的(de)妹妹,人(ren)(ren)們就把村(cun)名(ming)(ming)定為(wei)“女(nv)(nv)姑(gu)山(shan)(shan)”。登瀛村(cun)是(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)說秦(qin)人(ren)(ren)徐福為(wei)取長生不(bu)老藥,由此登程去仙(xian)島瀛洲而得名(ming)(ming)。嶗山(shan)(shan)石老人(ren)(ren)村(cun)村(cun)名(ming)(ming),不(bu)但源于一個優(you)美(mei)的(de)神話故(gu)事,還因為(wei)村(cun)前海邊有(you)(you)一塊狀似老人(ren)(ren)的(de)巨石。

有的(de)村(cun)莊以舊時駐(zhu)軍軍屯(tun)或官(guan)屯(tun)為(wei)名,如鰲山衛(wei)、雄崖所、營上、黃官(guan)屯(tun)等(deng)(deng);有的(de)以寺廟(miao)、古家(jia)(jia)為(wei)名,像廟(miao)頭、家(jia)(jia)子頭、廟(miao)東(dong)、石佛院等(deng)(deng);有的(de)以地(di)理環境取村(cun)名,如簸箕(ji)嶺,因其(qi)地(di)形像簸箕(ji)而得名;還有以建村(cun)時當地(di)的(de)村(cun)木花草為(wei)名,如桃(tao)林、棗(zao)園、柳樹屯(tun)、榛(zhen)子溝等(deng)(deng)。

1979年,青島開始地名普查,對(dui)重復的(de)和不雅的(de)村(cun)名進行了(le)調整。村(cun)名和村(cun)名用字都達(da)到了(le)標準化、規(gui)范化。

院(yuan)落 青(qing)島民間(jian)居住大都(dou)各自成(cheng)院(yuan),俗稱“天井”、“院(yuan)子”。

過去,許多人(ren)家(jia)都喜歡(huan)設前后兩院(yuan)。前院(yuan)面積大(da),是一家(jia)人(ren)平(ping)日活動(dong)的主(zhu)要場地(di),院(yuan)里建豬圈、而所,喜栽石榴、月季等花卉樹木。后院(yuan)很小,用處不大(da),只是為(wei)了(le)擋住后窗,認為(wei)后窗臨街(jie)“不成住處”。如今,隨著人(ren)們觀念的轉變,加上(shang)土地(di)的寶貴,已很少有人(ren)設后院(yuan)了(le)。

院(yuan)子周邊的墻(qiang)(qiang)叫(jiao)“院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)”,舊(jiu)時多用(yong)石(shi)(shi)塊壘成(cheng)。在(zai)臨街(jie)墻(qiang)(qiang)上,鑲嵌帶“鼻(bi)梁”的石(shi)(shi)塊,用(yong)以(yi)拴(shuan)騾馬(ma),叫(jiao)“拴(shuan)馬(ma)石(shi)(shi)”。院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)上面抹(mo)(mo)石(shi)(shi)灰或泥,叫(jiao)“打墻(qiang)(qiang)頭頂。”院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)上面抹(mo)(mo)成(cheng)半(ban)圓(yuan)形,叫(jiao)“和尚頭”。如今,院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)多用(yong)石(shi)(shi)塊壘下部,上面壘磚,外(wai)面用(yong)水泥抹(mo)(mo)平;也(ye)有的用(yong)磚或水泥砌成(cheng)幾何圖案,稱做“花(hua)墻(qiang)(qiang)”。院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)不得高(gao)于屋檐。

臨街(jie)(jie)院墻處(chu)留有(you)(you)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)口(kou),俗稱(cheng)“街(jie)(jie)門(men)(men)(men)”或(huo)“街(jie)(jie)門(men)(men)(men)口(kou)”。街(jie)(jie)門(men)(men)(men)多(duo)為南向或(huo)東向,胡(hu)同里也有(you)(you)西向的,但很少北向的。街(jie)(jie)門(men)(men)(men)要與對門(men)(men)(men)鄰居的大(da)門(men)(men)(men)口(kou)偏離,叫做“斜對門(men)(men)(men)”。

大(da)門(men)一般(ban)漆為(wei)黑色,老(lao)輩有功名的(de)人(ren)家可(ke)漆紅色。門(men)為(wei)兩扇,每(mei)扇裝一個(ge)鐵制(zhi)的(de)門(men)環,左邊的(de)門(men)環連著門(men)內“搖(yao)關(guan)”,“搖(yao)關(guan)”可(ke)轉動(dong),供(gong)隨手關(guan)門(men)用(yong)。有的(de)人(ren)家還在門(men)上裝有鐵制(zhi)的(de)環扣,叫(jiao)“門(men)劃(hua)拉”,用(yong)以鎖(suo)門(men)。

門上部修(xiu)有門樓(lou),舊時大(da)(da)門和(he)門樓(lou)都(dou)是財勢的象(xiang)征,富有人(ren)家的門樓(lou)修(xiu)四角飛(fei)檐,上飾有“龍頭”、“壽狗(gou)”等吉祥物,大(da)(da)門高大(da)(da),彩畫裝(zhuang)飾。平常人(ren)家的大(da)(da)門、門樓(lou)都(dou)很簡(jian)陋,門樓(lou)多用草氈,有的大(da)(da)門沒有門樓(lou),叫(jiao)“土門子”。

大門內大多建有影壁,俗(su)稱“照壁”(磚砌屏(ping)風),上寫“福”字,或繪有鹿(lu)、鶴等圖案,一求吉慶,二作裝飾。

房(fang)屋 民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)多住平房(fang)。舊(jiu)時,房(fang)屋結構為(wei)(wei)起(qi)脊,用梁、柱構成骨(gu)架,土墻(qiang)草頂(ding),木(mu)欞窗(chuang)戶(間(jian)(jian)(jian)有石(shi)墻(qiang)瓦頂(ding))。一(yi)(yi)幢房(fang)屋3、4、5間(jian)(jian)(jian)成套,坐(zuo)(zuo)北朝(chao)南的房(fang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)“正屋”,坐(zuo)(zuo)南朝(chao)北的為(wei)(wei)“倒屋”,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)側為(wei)(wei)“廂屋”,分別(bie)叫(jiao)“東(dong)(dong)廂屋”、“西(xi)(xi)廂屋”。正屋中間(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)“正間(jian)(jian)(jian)”,兩(liang)(liang)邊分別(bie)叫(jiao)“東(dong)(dong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)”、“西(xi)(xi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)”,再往(wang)里叫(jiao)“套間(jian)(jian)(jian)”。正間(jian)(jian)(jian)設鍋(guo)灶(zao)(zao)兩(liang)(liang)個,通東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)炕(kang)(kang)內,供(gong)冬季(ji)熱炕(kang)(kang)取暖。舊(jiu)時,正間(jian)(jian)(jian)與東(dong)(dong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)墻(qiang)壁上多留一(yi)(yi)小方(fang)洞,叫(jiao)“燈(deng)窩”,洞內可(ke)放油燈(deng),這(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)盞燈(deng)可(ke)照(zhao)明正、東(dong)(dong)兩(liang)(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang),可(ke)節省燈(deng)油。也有的人(ren)把它叫(jiao)做(zuo)“婆(po)婆(po)眼”,說從方(fang)洞中可(ke)看到灶(zao)(zao)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的行動,供(gong)婆(po)婆(po)監視媳婦用。在(zai)正間(jian)(jian)(jian)的上方(fang)用木(mu)板(ban)或高梁秸(jie)扎(zha)頂(ding)棚,也叫(jiao)“天棚”,冬天可(ke)用來存放地瓜。東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)多用花紙(zhi)貼棚頂(ding),裝飾有蝙蝠、團(tuan)花等剪(jian)紙(zhi),叫(jiao)“仰(yang)棚”。

人口多的人家,通(tong)常長輩(bei)住正屋,幼輩(bei)住廂屋。住一幢房子(zi)的,長輩(bei)住外(wai)間(jian),幼輩(bei)住里間(jian)(套間(jian)),長輩(bei)住東(dong)間(jian),幼輩(bei)住西(xi)間(jian)。

倒屋(wu)一般(ban)不住人(ren),普通人(ren)家堆放雜物、工具或柴(chai)草,有身(shen)份人(ren)家用作待客,稱“客屋(wu)”。

廂(xiang)房夏熱冬冷,通(tong)風采光又差(cha),所以(yi)民間有(you)“東廂(xiang)西廂(xiang),不(bu)孝的(de)兒郎(lang)”、“有(you)錢不(bu)住東廂(xiang)房,冬不(bu)暖,夏不(bu)涼(liang)”的(de)俗諺(yan)。富有(you)人家的(de)廂(xiang)房多(duo)不(bu)住人,用作飼養大牲(sheng)畜或安(an)石(shi)磨(mo)(mo)作磨(mo)(mo)房。

建(jian)房(fang)(青島(dao)人(ren)叫“蓋屋”)是一(yi)家人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)事,舊時,看(kan)風水、擇宅(zhai)基(ji)、安(an)(an)門(men)框、做梁(liang)(liang)椽等(deng)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)經過多種儀(yi)式和活動(dong),其(qi)中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)屬上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)儀(yi)式最為熱鬧、隆重。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)時間(jian)(jian)一(yi)塊(kuai)紅布,叫做“掛(gua)紅”。梁(liang)(liang)檁上(shang)(shang)要(yao)(yao)貼上(shang)(shang)“上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)大(da)吉”等(deng)字樣的(de)(de)(de)橫坡,還要(yao)(yao)綁上(shang)(shang)筷(kuai)子,用(yong)紅繩系上(shang)(shang)銅制(zhi)錢,掛(gua)上(shang)(shang)紅布等(deng)飾物(wu),以求吉利。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)時,房(fang)屋四(si)周燃放鞭炮(pao),正間(jian)(jian)當中(zhong)安(an)(an)設(she)方桌,擺設(she)供品,點燃紅燭,由(you)建(jian)房(fang)人(ren)家的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)跪拜。萊西一(yi)帶(dai)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)時,兩位木匠(jiang)、瓦匠(jiang)師(shi)傅(fu)還要(yao)(yao)邊(bian)唱喜歌邊(bian)往下扔一(yi)些龍、鳳、虎、蝶等(deng)形狀的(de)(de)(de)小餑餑,逗(dou)引(yin)孩子們(men)哄搶。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)儀(yi)式結(jie)束后的(de)(de)(de)當天,主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)新房(fang)設(she)宴(yan)請親朋、工(gong)匠(jiang)和幫(bang)工(gong)者,酒菜(cai)一(yi)般都(dou)很(hen)豐盛。

現在,民間建房“看風水”和(he)“擺供求(qiu)神”等舊俗多已廢除,但在梁、檁之上貼橫批、堅聯,以及(ji)放鞭炮(pao)等求(qiu)吉習俗仍流行。

70年代開始(shi),農村(cun)建房(fang)由生產大(da)隊(dui)(村(cun)委會)統一規劃(hua),街道、房(fang)屋(wu)逐(zhu)步達到布(bu)局整(zheng)齊(qi)劃(hua)一,房(fang)屋(wu)也多為(wei)磚石墻(qiang)、瓦頂、玻璃窗戶。伙房(fang)、寢室、會客室分別設(she)置,廂(xiang)屋(wu)多為(wei)水泥平頂,用以曬糧(liang)食或(huo)夏夜乘涼。

80年代后,老舊(jiu)草(cao)房基本絕跡,有些(xie)農村(cun)已是樓(lou)房連片,農民(min)的居住條件大為改善。

在(zai)(zai)居(ju)住民俗中,也有(you)許多禁忌,但多帶有(you)迷信(xin)色彩,如過去(qu)有(you)的(de)地方(fang)農歷五(wu)(wu)月忌蓋屋(wu),說(shuo)五(wu)(wu)月為(wei)惡月,蓋屋(wu)家中要(yao)死人(ren),顯(xian)然(ran)沒有(you)科學依據;住所(suo)大門忌沖著(zhu)山(shan)丘,河流、大道、水井和(he)墳墓,說(shuo)這樣會遭邪氣和(he)不(bu)吉利,若無法(fa)避開,則要(yao)在(zai)(zai)門上(shang)掛(gua)“八卦鏡(jing)”破(po)解;宅(zhai)(zhai)基不(bu)能直沖通街道,也不(bu)能面對廟(miao)宇,如無法(fa)避開,要(yao)在(zai)(zai)宅(zhai)(zhai)子外面一角安(an)一塊小石碑,上(shang)刻“泰山(shan)石敢當”5個字;建房用的(de)木(mu)料,忌用楸(qiu)木(mu)、槐木(mu),因(yin)“楸(qiu)”、“槐”沾著(zhu)“火”、“鬼”二字,恐不(bu)吉。

在院內(nei)還(huan)忌栽桑(sang)樹、柳(liu)(liu)樹和楊(yang)樹,俗(su)稱前(qian)不(bu)(bu)栽桑(sang),后不(bu)(bu)栽柳(liu)(liu),院內(nei)不(bu)(bu)栽“鬼拍手(shou)”。因為“桑(sang)”與(yu)“喪”同音,出門風喪不(bu)(bu)吉;柳(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)結籽(zi),恐無(wu)子絕后;栽“鬼拍手(shou)”(指楊(yang)樹)則怕招來鬼魅,宅室(shi)不(bu)(bu)字。如今,已(yi)很少有(you)(you)人(ren)相信有(you)(you)什(shen)么鬼魅了(le),但(dan)農民院子內(nei)外至今仍不(bu)(bu)栽植(zhi)以上3種樹木。

禮儀民俗

人(ren)生(sheng)禮(li)儀民俗(su),是指人(ren)的一生(sheng)從誕生(sheng)到死亡(wang)各個階(jie)段的禮(li)節和儀式,包括生(sheng)禮(li)風俗(su)、婚禮(li)風俗(su)、壽禮(li)風俗(su)和喪(sang)禮(li)風俗(su),是最復雜(za)和繁瑣的民俗(su)事(shi)象。

在青島地區,嬰兒出生(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)要(yao)舉行“報喜(xi)”、“過三日”、搬滿月”、“過百歲”等多種(zhong)儀式,直到一歲生(sheng)(sheng)日過后(hou),生(sheng)(sheng)育的各(ge)種(zhong)程序方算結(jie)束。

在生(sheng)育(yu)民俗中,傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)男尊女(nv)卑觀(guan)念很明顯(xian),生(sheng)男稱“大喜”,生(sheng)女(nv)稱“小喜”。女(nv)孩報喜的(de)(de)時(shi)間要比男孩晚(wan)3天,關這(zhe)喜蛋要比男孩少,禮儀也比男孩簡單得多(duo)。

婚(hun)禮(li)(li)禮(li)(li)也是人生(sheng)禮(li)(li)儀(yi)中(zhong)的一個大禮(li)(li),舊時權勢人家結婚(hun)興“六禮(li)(li)”,即納(na)彩(cai)、問名、納(na)吉(ji)、納(na)征(zheng)、請(qing)日(ri)、親迎。尋(xun)常百姓家禮(li)(li)儀(yi)雖從簡(jian),但(dan)也要經過(guo)說媒、定(ding)親(下(xia)媒柬(jian))、送(song)日(ri)子、送(song)嫁妝、迎娶等(deng)多道程序。

送(song)嫁(jia)妝、迎娶(qu)往往成為有錢人炫耀門庭的(de)時機,大操大辦助(zhu)長(chang)了鋪張浪費(fei)風氣。

在婚俗(su)中,有不少(shao)封建(jian)迷信色彩(cai),如(ru)合(he)婚批生辰八(ba)字、看(kan)男女屬相是(shi)否相克等(deng)。舊時“白馬怕(pa)青牛,羊鼠一旦(dan)休(xiu);金雞怕(pa)玉(yu)犬(quan),雞猴(hou)不到頭(tou)”等(deng)說法不知毀掉(diao)了多少(shao)個幸福的婚姻。

建國后(hou),實行新的(de)婚(hun)姻法(fa),過去的(de)許(xu)多婚(hun)姻陋俗,如指腹婚(hun)、娃娃親、童養媳、結(jie)陰親、納妝、一夫娶(qu)二房等已絕跡。但近年來,婚(hun)姻中的(de)大操辦之風仍很興盛。

壽禮是(shi)為老年人慶壽的一種(zhong)儀式。近年來,青島人祝壽、過去日習俗盛行,但禮儀從簡。

喪(sang)事是人生(sheng)的終結,喪(sang)禮(li)是人生(sheng)的最后一次禮(li)儀。民間對喪(sang)禮(li)看得很重(zhong),往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)惜(xi)花費大量財(cai)力(li)、物力(li)來安慰亡靈。

過去青島人實行(xing)土葬(zang)(zang)(zang),葬(zang)(zang)(zang)禮程序繁多。如今,普遍推行(xing)火葬(zang)(zang)(zang),喪(sang)事從簡。有(you)的將死者骨(gu)灰盒(he)埋葬(zang)(zang)(zang)土中,說(shuo)是“隨土而安”;有(you)的將骨(gu)灰撒向大海。

節日民俗

歲(sui)時節(jie)日民俗是按一(yi)年(nian)四季(ji)的氣(qi)候變(bian)化和(he)節(jie)氣(qi)變(bian)換在民間(jian)形成的風俗習(xi)慣,是我(wo)國民俗中的重要組成部分。

歲時節(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)民(min)俗中(zhong)傳承著許多(duo)具(ju)有(you)民(min)族特色(se)的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)。這些節(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)經過于百年的(de)(de)傳承變(bian)異,已(yi)形成了各自不(bu)同的(de)(de)內(nei)容與特色(se)。其中(zhong)有(you)反映生產的(de)(de)農事(shi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(立春、谷雨、石(shi)頭節(jie)(jie)(jie)等);祭(ji)奠(dian)祖(zu)先(xian)、神靈的(de)(de)祭(ji)祀節(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(中(zhong)元節(jie)(jie)(jie)、寒衣節(jie)(jie)(jie));追念(nian)民(min)族英雄和(he)名土偉人的(de)(de)紀念(nian)節(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(清明節(jie)(jie)(jie)、端午節(jie)(jie)(jie));祝賀喜慶豐(feng)收、闔(he)家(jia)團圓的(de)(de)慶賀節(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(春節(jie)(jie)(jie)、中(zhong)秋(qiu)節(jie)(jie)(jie));還有(you)屬(shu)于游(you)(you)藝娛樂(le)方面的(de)(de)游(you)(you)樂(le)節(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(元宵節(jie)(jie)(jie))等。許多(duo)傳統節(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)都伴(ban)有(you)一(yi)個優美的(de)(de)神話(hua)傳說故事(shi),如乞巧(qiao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“牛郎織女”、中(zhong)秋(qiu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“嫦娥奔月”、寒衣節(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“孟姜女千里尋夫(fu)”等。

如今,一些大的全民(min)性(xing)的節(jie)(jie)日,如春節(jie)(jie)、端午節(jie)(jie)、中秋節(jie)(jie)等仍很受人(ren)重視;一些小(xiao)的或地域性(xing)的節(jie)(jie)日,如五馬日、人(ren)日、石王生日等已逐漸被人(ren)們(men)淡忘(wang)。

建國后,形(xing)成了不少新(xin)興(xing)的節(jie)(jie)日(ri),這些節(jie)(jie)日(ri)有的是國際(ji)(ji)性的,部分為我國特有,主要(yao)有元旦、三八國際(ji)(ji)勞(lao)動(dong)婦女節(jie)(jie)、五一(yi)國際(ji)(ji)勞(lao)動(dong)節(jie)(jie)、五四青年節(jie)(jie)、六一(yi)國際(ji)(ji)兒童節(jie)(jie)、七一(yi)建黨日(ri)、八一(yi)建軍節(jie)(jie)、九月十日(ri)教師節(jie)(jie)、十一(yi)國慶節(jie)(jie)等。

民俗節慶

1、青島(dao)蘿卜會(hui)(hui)(元宵山會(hui)(hui))

舉辦時(shi)間:正(zheng)(zheng)月初九至(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)月十五(wu)

舉辦地(di)點:云溪庵

主要活動:開幕式,蘿卜(bu)藝術雕刻大賽,民間工藝品制作大賽,元宵制作展(zhan)評,閉幕式等(deng)。

交通(tong)方式:在市內(nei)乘坐2,5,21,24,305路車(che)在“黃臺(tai)路”下車(che)即(ji)可。

背景介紹(shao):云溪庵始建于元代,屬道教廟(miao)宇,因出(chu)產的(de)蘿(luo)(luo)(luo)卜(bu)脆而大著名。民(min)(min)間有“正(zheng)月(yue)初九吃蘿(luo)(luo)(luo)卜(bu)不牙疼,可(ke)防百病”的(de)說法,因而蘿(luo)(luo)(luo)卜(bu)成了廟(miao)會(hui)上的(de)主要商品,漸(jian)漸(jian)廟(miao)會(hui)也就被人(ren)們稱之為“蘿(luo)(luo)(luo)卜(bu)會(hui)”。現在的(de)蘿(luo)(luo)(luo)卜(bu)會(hui)人(ren)流如(ru)潮,各類商品琳(lin)瑯(lang)滿目,已成為島城(cheng)春節后第一個有影響的(de)民(min)(min)間節日(ri)盛(sheng)會(hui)。

2、海云庵(an)糖(tang)球會(hui)

舉辦時間:正月(yue)十六至(zhi)正月(yue)十八

舉辦(ban)地點:海云(yun)庵(an)

主(zhu)要活動:茂腔(qiang)、柳腔(qiang)、皮影(ying)、雜耍、剪紙、年畫(hua)、秧歌大(da)賽(sai)、鑼鼓(gu)大(da)賽(sai)等民(min)間藝術(shu)活動,還有大(da)型(xing)廣(guang)場(chang)文藝表演、地方(fang)戲專場(chang)演出、攝影(ying)抓拍比賽(sai)、書畫(hua)現場(chang)表演、武術(shu)表演等。

交(jiao)通方式:市(shi)內可乘坐1、5、7、15、32、206、210、319路公交(jiao)車(che)前往。

背景介紹:海(hai)云庵始建于(yu)明代。舊時農歷正月(yue)十六是(shi)該(gai)庵廟(miao)會,由于(yu)廟(miao)會上賣(mai)山楂糖球的特別多,便稱(cheng)之(zhi)為“海(hai)云庵糖球會”。1986年(nian)青(qing)島恢復(fu)了這一民(min)俗節日,為期(qi)3天。

3、田橫祭海節

舉(ju)辦時間:每年3月20到3月22日

舉(ju)辦(ban)地點(dian):即墨田(tian)橫鎮

主要活(huo)動:祭(ji)海(hai)前(qian)一天,打掃龍(long)王廟,擺(bai)香爐、祭(ji)案,貼(tie)對聯,扎松柏龍(long)門。 祭(ji)海(hai)當天,漁民們(men)以船為單位在龍(long)王廟前(qian)的海(hai)灘上(shang)開始(shi)擺(bai)供。漁民們(men)將(jiang)(jiang)要焚燒的黃裱(biao)紙整理好,擺(bai)好香爐,將(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)千掛紅彤(tong)彤(tong)的鞭炮升上(shang)高(gao)空(kong)。

交(jiao)通方式(shi):青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市區居民(min)可(ke)以在青(qing)(qing)島(dao)四方長途汽車(che)站,坐從青(qing)(qing)島(dao)到即(ji)墨(mo)的流(liu)水(shui)發車(che),到站后直接坐從即(ji)墨(mo)到田橫的流(liu)水(shui)車(che)。

背景介紹:祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)是漁(yu)民在漫(man)長的(de)耕海(hai)(hai)牧漁(yu)生活中創造的(de)一種獨(du)具地(di)域特(te)色的(de)漁(yu)家文化。每年(nian)谷雨前(qian)(qian)后(hou),漁(yu)民們(men)在修船、添置漁(yu)具等生產準備工作就緒(xu)后(hou),選個黃道吉日(ri)把漁(yu)網抬上船,便開始祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai),因此又稱“上網”。專家對田(tian)橫(heng)(heng)境內古文化遺址考(kao)證,早在6000年(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)新石器時代,先民們(men)就在田(tian)橫(heng)(heng)區域靠漁(yu)獵(lie)為(wei)生,繁衍生息。當(dang)時因認識水(shui)平有(you)限,人(ren)們(men)無法(fa)解釋大(da)自然的(de)神(shen)秘現象(xiang),對大(da)海(hai)(hai)懷有(you)深深的(de)敬畏心理,出(chu)海(hai)(hai)捕魚(yu)時都(dou)要向海(hai)(hai)神(shen)祈福求安。明永樂年(nian)間,隨著當(dang)地(di)人(ren)口聚集(ji),逐漸形(xing)成(cheng)村落,祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)儀式初(chu)見規模(mo)。至民國初(chu)年(nian),田(tian)橫(heng)(heng)祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)形(xing)成(cheng)以(yi)家族或船組為(wei)單位的(de)集(ji)體祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)活動(dong)。

4、青島十梅庵(an)梅花節(jie)

舉辦時間(jian):每年3月(yue)中(zhong)旬至4月(yue)上旬

舉辦地點:青(qing)島(dao)梅(mei)園(yuan)

主要活動(dong):梅(mei)花(hua)節(jie)的主要內容有(you)梅(mei)花(hua),蠟梅(mei)大、中、小(xiao)型盆景(jing),露地(di)景(jing)地(di)(梅(mei)樹),梅(mei)花(hua)、蠟梅(mei)寫意盆景(jing),插花(hua)藝(yi)術,攝影展,詩書畫展等。

交(jiao)通方式:乘(cheng)坐(zuo) 364路, 在 十梅庵公園站 下車,步(bu)行(xing)150米(mi)至 梅園

背景(jing)介紹(shao):1999年(nian),在青島(dao)(dao)(dao)梅(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)舉(ju)辦了第六(liu)屆中國(guo)梅(mei)花(hua)蠟梅(mei)展(zhan)覽會、第三(san)屆國(guo)際梅(mei)文(wen)化學術研討會和青島(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)首屆梅(mei)花(hua)節,并被農業部命名(ming)為“中國(guo)梅(mei)花(hua)之鄉”。 此(ci)后(hou),青島(dao)(dao)(dao)十梅(mei)庵(an)梅(mei)花(hua)節于每(mei)年(nian)3月中旬至4月上(shang)旬在青島(dao)(dao)(dao)十梅(mei)庵(an)風景(jing)區內的青島(dao)(dao)(dao)梅(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)舉(ju)行。梅(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)每(mei)年(nian)還要邀請無錫園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)局(ju)、蘇州園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)局(ju)、武漢磨山管理局(ju)、山東騰蛟園(yuan)(yuan)藝場等(deng)兄弟單位(wei)共同(tong)參展(zhan)。每(mei)年(nian)的梅(mei)花(hua)節,青島(dao)(dao)(dao)梅(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)盛況空前(qian),博大精深(shen)的梅(mei)花(hua)文(wen)化吸引(yin)游客超過10萬人次。

5、膠(jiao)南杜(du)鵑(juan)花會

舉辦(ban)時間(jian):3月28日——5月31日

舉辦地點(dian):膠南大珠(zhu)山風景區

主要(yao)(yao)活(huo)動:四到五月,珠山上(shang)杜鵑開(kai)得正盛,游人(ren)主要(yao)(yao)活(huo)動是登(deng)山賞花。花會(hui)(hui)上(shang)還設有(you)美(mei)食坊,沿(yan)途會(hui)(hui)有(you)轉風(feng)車、打地鼠等真(zhen)人(ren)活(huo)動,可供(gong)娛樂(le)。

交(jiao)(jiao)通方式(shi):青島(dao)市(shi)民可乘坐(zuo)3路(lu)、7路(lu)公交(jiao)(jiao)到達大珠(zhu)山汽(qi)車南站,或乘坐(zuo)12路(lu)、101到達濱海大道后換乘臨時專(zhuan)線公交(jiao)(jiao)車至各景區觀光旅(lv)游,也可以直接(jie)乘坐(zuo)102路(lu)到達珠(zhu)山秀谷。

背景(jing)介(jie)紹:中(zhong)國瑯琊旅(lv)游(you)(you)文化節暨(ji)膠(jiao)(jiao)南杜鵑花會,以膠(jiao)(jiao)南歷史文化為背景(jing),以瑯琊臺、靈山灣和萬畝野生杜鵑花等旅(lv)游(you)(you)資源為基礎(chu),以提升(sheng)膠(jiao)(jiao)南城市品牌為目的(de),通過策(ce)劃豐富(fu)多(duo)彩的(de)主(zhu)題活(huo)動(dong),多(duo)方(fang)位展現山水靈韻、和美(mei)膠(jiao)(jiao)南的(de)醉人風光、風土人情(qing)和勃勃生機,為廣大游(you)(you)客打造一(yi)個舒心、互動(dong)、和諧的(de)旅(lv)游(you)(you)節慶活(huo)動(dong),真正實現社會效益、環境效益、經濟效益的(de)共(gong)贏。

6、青島賞花會

舉辦(ban)時間:4月中旬

舉辦地點:青島(dao)李滄區

主要活(huo)動:大(da)型主題晚(wan)會(hui)、國際插(cha)花藝(yi)術大(da)賽、登山賞(shang)花游、書畫(hua)筆會(hui)、大(da)型征文比(bi)賽、民(min)俗文化(hua)活(huo)動周(zhou)、優惠(hui)購物活(huo)動等

交通方(fang)式:青島(dao)市民可以就近在(zai)長途站坐車(che)去李滄,流水發車(che)。

背(bei)景介(jie)紹:青(qing)島賞花(hua)會(hui)是以前青(qing)島李(li)滄區獨特的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)卉資源為基(ji)礎(chu),主要是賞三花(hua),即李(li)村東部的(de)(de)(de)萬畝(mu)桃花(hua)、十(shi)梅(mei)庵(an)的(de)(de)(de)800畝(mu)梅(mei)花(hua)和戴(dai)家(jia)北(bei)山紅石(shi)壁子的(de)(de)(de)千畝(mu)野杜(du)鵑花(hua),整(zheng)合其(qi)他花(hua)卉資源和文(wen)化(hua)資源,形成(cheng)集(ji)旅游、商貿、群眾性文(wen)化(hua)活動為一體的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)節會(hui)。

7、嶗(lao)山旅游文化節

舉辦時間:4月下旬至6月上旬

舉辦地點:嶗山

主要活(huo)(huo)動(dong):嶗山(shan)旅(lv)游文化節以(yi)“山(shan)海(hai)情(qing)懷、魅力嶗山(shan)”為(wei)(wei)主題。分為(wei)(wei)節會(hui)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)、論壇及研討會(hui)、文化系(xi)列(lie)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)、旅(lv)游系(xi)列(lie)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)、經貿系(xi)列(lie)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)、體(ti)育(yu)健身系(xi)列(lie)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)等八(ba)大主題板塊(kuai)。

交通(tong)方(fang)式:市區居民可以從青島(dao)火車站、輪渡碼頭、前(qian)海、中山公(gong)園及青島(dao)市政府一(yi)帶去嶗山,可沿香港路或東海路至石(shi)老人,接湛流干路到達嶗山南麓(lu)的門戶(hu)沙(sha)子(zi)口,由沙(sha)子(zi)口進入(ru)山區。

背景介紹:由中國國際茶文化研究會、中國茶葉流通協會、山東省茶文化協會、青島市人民政府主辦,青島市嶗山區人民政府承辦的國際茶文化研討會暨嶗山國際茶文化節被譽為“茶屆奧林匹克”。不斷擴大文化影響力,是一個區域具有長久生命力的根本所在。嶗山之美不僅在于她的山、她的海,更在于她幾千年的文化底蘊。文化與旅游相互融合將產生無窮的魅力和巨大的社會價值。旅游文化節將以重點旅游項目為依托,注重鄉村旅游和文化的融合,深入挖掘嶗山旅游文化資源,加強對非物質文化資源的開發和利用,不斷提升旅游的文化品位。更多>>>

青島民俗村

青島(dao)藏馬莊民(min)(min)(min)俗(su)(su)(su)村,位于青島(dao)藏馬山國(guo)際旅(lv)游(you)度假(jia)區,是集民(min)(min)(min)俗(su)(su)(su)表演、手(shou)工作坊、特色(se)小(xiao)吃(chi)、非物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺產(chan)、世紀末手(shou)工業(ye)、酒(jiu)吧、民(min)(min)(min)宿客(ke)棧(zhan)等為一(yi)體的民(min)(min)(min)俗(su)(su)(su)旅(lv)游(you)項目,是山東地區以民(min)(min)(min)俗(su)(su)(su)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化為主題的人文(wen)(wen)(wen)景區。藏馬莊民(min)(min)(min)俗(su)(su)(su)村總占地面積120畝(mu),一(yi)期建(jian)成8500平(ping)方米,,二期規(gui)劃1.5萬(wan)平(ping)方米。總投(tou)資1.1億,一(yi)期投(tou)資6500萬(wan)。

藏(zang)馬莊以傳統民間市井文(wen)化(hua)(hua)為敘(xu)事線(xian)索,以山東(dong)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)作(zuo)為園(yuan)區文(wen)脈(mo),薈萃山東(dong)各地特色傳統人文(wen)風貌,鋪(pu)墊(dian)深厚文(wen)化(hua)(hua)底蘊(yun)。通過豐富的(de)游樂體驗,展示山東(dong)璀璨文(wen)明。走進藏(zang)馬莊,感受到的(de)是一(yi)部凝(ning)固的(de)歷史和(he)流動的(de)畫卷。

藏(zang)馬莊(zhuang)以傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)民(min)(min)(min)間市井(jing)文(wen)化(hua)為敘事線(xian)索,在(zai)民(min)(min)(min)俗村內鋪展活色(se)(se)生(sheng)香的(de)民(min)(min)(min)間傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)生(sheng)活畫卷。“一朝(chao)步(bu)入畫卷,一日(ri)夢回千年”。藏(zang)馬莊(zhuang)以傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)集(ji)市文(wen)化(hua)模(mo)式薈萃齊(qi)魯風(feng)情,打(da)造集(ji)民(min)(min)(min)俗表(biao)演、手工(gong)作(zuo)坊、特色(se)(se)小吃、非(fei)物質文(wen)化(hua)遺產、世紀(ji)末(mo)手工(gong)業、酒吧(ba)、民(min)(min)(min)宿客棧(zhan)等(deng)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)功能綜合(he)體,打(da)造文(wen)化(hua)功能的(de)多(duo)元(yuan)化(hua),復(fu)合(he)多(duo)樣特色(se)(se)的(de)民(min)(min)(min)俗旅游產品。包攬山東(dong),尋找歷史長河(he)中傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)民(min)(min)(min)間的(de)“那些事兒”。

2015年10月1日,藏(zang)馬(ma)莊民俗(su)村開園(yuan)納(na)客(ke)。每年春節,藏(zang)馬(ma)莊民俗(su)村都(dou)會(hui)(hui)舉行盛大的民俗(su)文化(hua)廟會(hui)(hui)。

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