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【青島文化】青島歷史文化 青島民俗文化 青島風俗習慣

本文章由注冊用戶 壯志凌云 上傳提供 評論 發布 反饋 0
摘要:青島是一座歷史文化名城,中國道教的發祥地,6000年以前,這里已有了人類的生存和繁衍。不同時代的發展成就了今天的青島,隨著青島市的發展,青島市現在還有哪些民俗習慣呢?青島如今還保留了哪些歷史文化習俗呢?下面本文就為大家盤點了青島的一些民俗習慣,一起來了解一下青島都還有哪些民俗習慣吧。

歷史沿革

青島(dao)是(shi)中國道教(jiao)的發祥地之一。新石(shi)器時代,青島(dao)是東夷人(ren)繁(fan)衍生息的主要地區之一,遺留了豐富多彩的大(da)汶口文(wen)化(hua)、龍(long)山文(wen)化(hua)和岳(yue)石(shi)文(wen)化(hua)。商(shang)周時期,青島是中國海鹽(yan)的發祥(xiang)地(di),位列中國“四大古鹽(yan)區”和“五大古港”。春秋戰國(guo)時(shi)期,青島(dao)建立了山東地區第二大市(shi)鎮—即墨,“即墨故城”(平度市(shi)境內)是中國(guo)現(xian)存(cun)最早的(de)古代(dai)城池遺址(zhi)。秦始(shi)皇統一(yi)中(zhong)國后,五(wu)巡(xun)天下,三(san)登(deng)瑯琊(青島(dao)黃島(dao)區境(jing)內)。據記載(zai),中(zhong)國最早的一(yi)次涉洋(yang)遠航——徐福東(dong)渡朝鮮、日本,就是從瑯琊起航的。漢(han)武帝少年時代在不其(城陽區境內)做過膠(jiao)東王,是中國有記載的到青(qing)島地(di)域(yu)巡游次數最多的皇(huang)帝。唐宋時期,青島(dao)作為(wei)銜接(jie)南北航(hang)運(yun)的“中(zhong)(zhong)轉站”,成為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國北方沿海(hai)最重要的交通樞紐和(he)貿易口(kou)岸(an)。宋時專門(men)在板橋鎮(zhen)(膠州市境內)設“市舶司”管理(li)對外貿易。元朝,為方便海運(yun)(yun)漕糧,開鑿(zao)了中國唯一的(de)(de)海運(yun)(yun)河(he)——縱貫(guan)山東半島的(de)(de)膠(jiao)萊運(yun)(yun)河(he)。明清時期,青島是中國北方重要的海防(fang)要塞,時稱(cheng)膠澳(ao)。18916月(yue)14日,清政府在(zai)膠澳設(she)防,青(qing)島由此(ci)建置。1897年(nian)1114日(ri),德國以“巨(ju)野(ye)教案”為(wei)借口侵(qin)占青島,青島淪為(wei)殖民地。1914年,第一次(ci)世界(jie)大(da)戰爆發,日本(ben)取(qu)代德國(guo)占領青(qing)島(dao)。1919年(nian),以(yi)收回青島(dao)主權為導火索(suo),爆發了“五四運(yun)動”,這是中國近、現代歷史的分水嶺。19221210日,中國北洋政府收回青(qing)島,辟為商埠(bu)。19297月,國民黨政府設青島特(te)別(bie)市,1930年改稱青島(dao)市。19381月,日(ri)本再次(ci)侵占(zhan)青島。19459月,國民黨政府接管青島(dao),仍(reng)為(wei)特別(bie)市。194962日,青島成為華北(bei)地區最后一座解放的城市,改屬山東省(sheng)轄市。1981年青(qing)島(dao)被(bei)列為中(zhong)國15個(ge)經濟中心城市之一。1984年青島(dao)被列為中國14個沿海開放城(cheng)市之一(yi)。1986年青島(dao)被列為(wei)5個(ge)計劃單列市之一。1994年青(qing)島被(bei)列為全國15個副省級城市(shi)之(zhi)一。2011年青島被(bei)定位為山東半島藍(lan)色經(jing)濟區核(he)心(xin)區的龍頭(tou)城市。

民俗文化

服飾民俗

服飾(shi)(shi)民俗是指人們在(zai)服裝、鞋帽、佩(pei)戴、裝飾(shi)(shi)方面的(de)(de)風俗習慣。服飾(shi)(shi)和(he)飲食一樣(yang),是每個人都離不開(kai)的(de)(de)。

時代、氣候以(yi)至人的(de)(de)地位、職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)、性(xing)別(bie)、年(nian)齡都對服(fu)(fu)飾(shi)有著(zhu)直接的(de)(de)影(ying)響,所以(yi)服(fu)(fu)飾(shi)民俗也有著(zhu)十分廣泛的(de)(de)內容。人們(men)為(wei)了(le)(le)適應季(ji)節變化,制作出了(le)(le)單(dan)衣(yi)、夾衣(yi)、棉衣(yi)、皮衣(yi)等(deng)各類服(fu)(fu)裝;為(wei)了(le)(le)裝飾(shi)和美化生活,按照不(bu)同(tong)性(xing)別(bie)、年(nian)齡,創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)(le)各個時期不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)發型(xing)、首(shou)飾(shi)和佩戴方式;為(wei)了(le)(le)區別(bie)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)分工,又出現了(le)(le)樣式各異(yi)的(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)裝,使(shi)人們(men)可以(yi)明(ming)顯地看(kan)出穿著(zhu)者的(de)(de)身份(fen)和職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)。

生(sheng)活(huo)水平(ping)的(de)高(gao)低(di)對服(fu)飾民(min)俗起(qi)著(zhu)舉足(zu)輕重(zhong)的(de)作(zuo)用。舊(jiu)時,青島(dao)地區(qu)農民(min)大都(dou)一(yi)年(nian)只有兩(liang)套服(fu)裝(zhuang)(一(yi)套單衣和一(yi)套棉衣),還(huan)要“新三(san)年(nian),舊(jiu)三(san)年(nian),縫縫補補又三(san)年(nian)”,這并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了節儉,而是(shi)(shi)貧窮所(suo)致(zhi)。穿(chuan)衣只是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了遮蔽(bi)身體、抵御風寒,根(gen)本談不(bu)上裝(zhuang)飾和審美功能。50年(nian)代以后農民(min)開始穿(chuan)針(zhen)織或細(xi)布(bu)內衣,服(fu)裝(zhuang)布(bu)料不(bu)斷(duan)更新。改革開放以后,隨著(zhu)人(ren)們(men)生(sheng)活(huo)水平(ping)的(de)提高(gao),各類款式的(de)服(fu)裝(zhuang)爭奇(qi)斗(dou)艷,人(ren)們(men)的(de)服(fu)飾再不(bu)是(shi)(shi)單純為(wei)了蔽(bi)體御寒,而更多(duo)的(de)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了美化生(sheng)活(huo)而從款式、用料、色彩等(deng)多(duo)方面(mian)進行選擇和穿(chuan)戴。

帽(mao)(mao)子(zi) 辛亥革命前(qian),男子(zi)多(duo)戴(dai)瓜皮帽(mao)(mao),俗(su)稱“半帽(mao)(mao)”或“瓜皮子(zi)”,因(yin)其形狀象半個西(xi)瓜而得名。瓜皮帽(mao)(mao)是用上尖下(xia)寬的(de)多(duo)塊綢布(bu)(bu)做成,用琉璃蛋或絨(rong)布(bu)(bu)結為頂飾(叫“帽(mao)(mao)葫蘆”)。紅色頂飾為青年人所戴(dai);中老(lao)年戴(dai)的(de)頂飾為藍色;家中遇(yu)有喪事,則(ze)頂飾用白布(bu)(bu)包住。

氈帽(mao)(mao)(mao),又(you)稱“氈帽(mao)(mao)(mao)頭(tou)”,農(nong)民和商販(fan)多在天冷時(shi)戴用。帽(mao)(mao)(mao)分左(zuo)、右、后(hou)(hou)3塊(kuai),翻上去是一圓形帽(mao)(mao)(mao)頭(tou),折下來(lai)可蓋住面頰和后(hou)(hou)頸(jing),多為褐色。

“老(lao)頭樂”是老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)冬季(ji)愛戴的一(yi)種帽(mao)子,也叫“擼頭帽(mao)”或“滿頭擼”。帽(mao)子為圓(yuan)筒形,卷上去是一(yi)軟胎絨線帽(mao);擼下來,則臉(lian)和后(hou)頸(jing)全可遮掩,僅(jin)露出雙眼,由(you)于(yu)寒效果甚(shen)佳,青年(nian)(nian)人(ren)也多(duo)戴用。

為防嚴寒(han),男子出(chu)門多戴“耳(er)捂”。耳(er)捂是用藍(lan)黑綢布作面料,里(li)絮棉花(hua),邊(bian)緣縫(feng)上兔(tu)毛,中系一繩,掛兩耳(er)上。也有人叫其為“耳(er)套(tao)”。

20年代(dai)起,禮帽在民間流(liu)行,多與長衫配(pei)合穿用(yong)。

葦笠為農民和(he)(he)市販(fan)勞動者夏季(ji)戴(dai)用,呈(cheng)六角(jiao)形,由葦篾(mie)或高梁千(qian)篾(mie)編制而成,布(bu)帶(dai)系頦(ke)下,用以(yi)遮陽(yang)和(he)(he)避雨。城鎮男人夏季(ji)則多(duo)戴(dai)草辮(bian)編的(de)形同(tong)禮帽(mao)(mao)的(de)草帽(mao)(mao)或圓頂草帽(mao)(mao)。

中(zhong)青年婦(fu)女(nv)多不戴帽(mao),有的(de)老年婦(fu)女(nv)戴一(yi)種(zhong)叫(jiao)頭箍的(de)“箍帽(mao)”,是用兩片約(yue)6厘米(mi)寬(kuan)的(de)絨布(bu)做好后,用兩根小帶箍在(zai)頭上。另一(yi)種(zhong)是用黑色(se)平絨做成(cheng)的(de)軟帽(mao),帽(mao)前飾以綠色(se)琉璃“帽(mao)珠”,叫(jiao)“老婆(po)帽(mao)子”。

“虎(hu)頭(tou)帽”是7歲以下小(xiao)孩(hai)戴的(de)風帽,前短后(hou)長(chang),帽頂的(de)兩旁縫一(yi)撮白色兔毛,正中繡一(yi)“王”字。嶗山民間認為,山中野獸(shou)很多(duo),易(yi)傷(shang)孩(hai)子(zi),虎(hu)為獸(shou)中王,戴虎(hu)帽可消災避難。

建國(guo)后,“干部帽(mao)”流行,“鴨舌帽(mao)”卻(que)受人(ren)冷落,原因是在戲劇電影(ying)以至民間秧歌中,扮演(yan)特務(wu)(wu)者都戴這種帽(mao)子,所以人(ren)們都叫(jiao)它“特務(wu)(wu)帽(mao)”。

軍(jun)帽(mao)在“文革”初期(qi)特別受人(ren)喜愛(ai),一些青(qing)年(nian)人(ren)以戴上一頂綠色軍(jun)帽(mao)而感榮(rong)耀。

進入80年代,隨著(zhu)人們審美(mei)意識的增(zeng)強(qiang),帽子除實用(yong)功(gong)能(neng)外,其(qi)裝飾(shi)美(mei)化(hua)生活的功(gong)能(neng)日顯突出,不同樣式、不同色調的單帽、棉帽、草帽等(deng),爭(zheng)奇斗艷,使服飾(shi)文化(hua)更(geng)加豐富多(duo)彩。

發型 辛亥革命后,男子剪去長辮子,鄉間人(ren)多剃光頭(tou),俗稱“和尚頭(tou)”。城鎮人(ren)多蓄(xu)發,發式有平頭(tou)、分頭(tou)兩種,分頭(tou)又有正分、偏(pian)分、背頭(tou)等樣式。

女(nv)子發(fa)型是幼年(nian)扎“髻”,即在頭部綰(wan)雙(shuang)髻。長大未婚(hun)時梳一(yi)長辮,辮稍扎頭繩,垂背后(hou)。結(jie)婚(hun)后(hou)綰(wan)一(yi)圓髻,套(tao)發(fa)網,盤(pan)腦后(hou),稱(cheng)“綰(wan)纂(zuan)(zuan)”。年(nian)老頭發(fa)稀疏(shu),纂(zuan)(zuan)小,稱(cheng)“鬏鬏”。

男(nan)童發(fa)型,有的(de)在(zai)前額留片發(fa),其余(yu)頭發(fa)全部(bu)推光,叫“瓦瓦檐檐”。

40年代(dai),中青年婦女多剪短發,俗稱“披毛”。一種額前(qian)頭發隆起的叫做“飛機(ji)頭”的發型(xing)曾在(zai)即(ji)墨(mo)、嶗(lao)山一帶已婚婦女中盛行一時。

解放初期,興梳雙辮,有(you)人認(ren)為辮子越(yue)長越(yue)美,最長者幾可垂地。

70年代,留短(duan)發(fa)者增多,有的在頭兩側各梳一短(duan)辮,叫(jiao)“扎兩把刷子(zi)”。在腦后將頭發(fa)攏起(qi),群眾戲稱“鴉鵲尾巴”。

80年代,流(liu)行(xing)燙發(fa),初傳(chuan)到農(nong)村時,農(nong)婦們曾謔稱為“鴉鵲(que)窩”,如今(jin)燙發(fa)者很普遍,發(fa)式越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)樣化了。

上衣(yi)、下(xia)(xia)衣(yi) 清代,豪(hao)門富(fu)家男(nan)(nan)子穿長(chang)袍馬(ma)褂(gua)。馬(ma)褂(gua)是一(yi)個半身(shen)小罩(zhao)褂(gua),馬(ma)蹄袖,穿時袖口白野子翻(fan)出。女子穿右(you)襟(jin)上衣(yi),下(xia)(xia)系(xi)長(chang)裙或肥褲。一(yi)般人家,男(nan)(nan)女都穿粗布短衣(yi),俗稱(cheng)“更衣(yi)”,上衣(yi)分(fen)單衫(亦叫(jiao)“小褂(gua)”)、夾襖(ao)、棉(mian)襖(ao)3類(lei)。男(nan)(nan)上衣(yi)為(wei)對襟(jin),下(xia)(xia)端左右(you)兩邊(bian)有兩個長(chang)方兜,一(yi)排布制扣子,稱(cheng)“子母扣”。女上衣(yi)都逞(cheng)大襟(jin),大襟(jin)從左到右(you)可把全胸裹住。老年(nian)人還喜歡(huan)用約10厘米寬的布帶(dai)扎腿,布帶(dai)稱(cheng)“腿帶(dai)”,多為(wei)黑色(se)。

20年代(dai)后(hou),馬(ma)褂(gua)漸被淘汰,但長(chang)袍、長(chang)衫(shan)(亦稱“大褂(gua)”)仍(reng)很流行,是(shi)知(zhi)識分子、商人、鄉紳們(men)的(de)常用服裝。戴禮(li)帽、穿(chuan)長(chang)衫(shan)是(shi)會(hui)親(qin)放友和禮(li)節交往中的(de)最好穿(chuan)戴。直到50年代(dai)長(chang)衫(shan)才逐(zhu)漸淘汰,如今,說(shuo)唱藝(yi)人在舞臺(tai)上(shang)也很少穿(chuan)用了。

旗袍也從20年(nian)代起廣為流行。40年(nian)代,一種仁丹士(shi)林(lin)布的藍色旗袍很受青年(nian)學生(sheng)青睞。

50年代(dai),男子(zi)穿(chuan)中(zhong)山服(fu)和學生服(fu)的居多。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)棉大(da)衣或呢(ni)(ni)子(zi)大(da)衣(鄉間人習慣稱呢(ni)(ni)子(zi)大(da)衣為“大(da)氅”),夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)興穿(chuan)制服(fu)短褲。女子(zi)多穿(chuan)列(lie)寧服(fu)和連衣裙,但流(liu)行時(shi)間不長,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)一種(zhong)帽子(zi)和上衣連在(zai)一起的短大(da)衣,有棉、皮(pi)兩種(zhong),分別叫“棉猴(hou)”和“皮(pi)猴(hou)”。農民仍(reng)多著便衣褲褂,布(bu)料有所改善,土布(bu)漸(jian)汰淘汰,燈芯絨布(bu)普遍。春秋衫針(zhen)織品穿(chuan)著也很廣泛。

60年(nian)代到70年(nian)代,化纖、化棉混(hun)紡(fang)布暢,補(bu)丁衣(yi)(yi)服基本絕跡。80年(nian)代,男(nan)女穿西(xi)服的(de)增多,各類衣(yi)(yi)服顏色(se)也由灰、黃、藍(lan)變為五顏六色(se)。

90年(nian)代,服(fu)(fu)裝樣式更趨多樣化,人們追(zhui)(zhui)求款(kuan)式、追(zhui)(zhui)求新潮(chao)。西(xi)服(fu)(fu)、夾克(ke)服(fu)(fu)、太空服(fu)(fu)、T恤(xu)衫、獵裝、裘皮服(fu)(fu)裝等(deng)絢多彩。老年(nian)人服(fu)(fu)裝也重(zhong)視款(kuan)式,追(zhui)(zhui)求鮮(xian)艷(yan)色調。

除(chu)常用(yong)服(fu)裝(zhuang)外,民間尚有一些服(fu)飾為不同(tong)年齡的人專用(yong)。

“緊(jin)身(shen)”,一種紅色內(nei)衣,布扣(kou)密密麻麻,穿時(shi)緊(jin)貼上身(shen),為青(qing)年(nian)女子婚(hun)前必備,婚(hun)后也要穿一段時(shi)間。

“肚兜(dou)”,也是青年婦女的一種內衣,正方形(xing),上部成(cheng)淺半圓,下角圓形(xing),設(she)布帶系腰圍間,兜(dou)面多(duo)繡石(shi)榴、壽(shou)桃等吉祥(xiang)圖案。兒童也在(zai)夏季穿戴。

“*褲(ku)”,也叫“套褲(ku)”,是老年人(ren)穿的一(yi)種開襠棉褲(ku)。臀部及大腿后上(shang)部裸露(lu),穿時(shi)套在單(dan)褲(ku)外。

“百家(jia)(jia)衣(yi)”,亦稱(cheng)“百納衣(yi)”,由百十戶人家(jia)(jia)討來(lai)的(de)各(ge)色花(hua)布做成,為兒童穿(chuan)用(yong),舊俗認(ren)為穿(chuan)“百家(jia)(jia)衣(yi)”的(de)孩(hai)童好(hao)養活。

鞋(xie)、襪(wa) 布鞋(xie)在(zai)青島民間(jian)已流行100余年,因穿著舒適輕便,至(zhi)今(jin)仍受(shou)到人(ren)(ren)們(men)特(te)別是老年人(ren)(ren)的喜愛。布鞋(xie)一般為圓頭、圓口(kou)、布幫、布底,做(zuo)時要經過搓(cuo)麻繩、納鞋(xie)底、做(zuo)鞋(xie)幫、绱鞋(xie)等多道工序。舊時,新媳婦過門(men)前要給婆家每一個人(ren)(ren)做(zuo)一雙新鞋(xie),婆家以針線(xian)活的好壞,評說媳婦的巧拙。如今(jin),機制商品鞋(xie)到處都(dou)有,已很少有人(ren)(ren)自己做(zuo)鞋(xie)穿了。

30年(nian)代(dai)到40年(nian)代(dai),繡(xiu)花(hua)鞋在農婦中曾廣為(wei)流(liu)行。繡(xiu)花(hua)鞋亦布底(di)、布幫、圓口,只是(shi)在鞋頭、鞋幫處用(yong)絲(si)線繡(xiu)上梅(mei)花(hua)、蘭(lan)花(hua)、荷花(hua)、菊花(hua)等(deng)花(hua)樣(yang),新(xin)婚婦女必(bi)穿(chuan)。

過去還有幾種民(min)(min)間(jian)自制(zhi)的(de)、實用而(er)不美觀(guan)的(de)靴鞋受到農民(min)(min)的(de)歡迎(ying)。

豬皮(pi)(pi)(pi)靴(xue)(俗名“豬皮(pi)(pi)(pi)綁”),是用整塊豬皮(pi)(pi)(pi)縫制的,內(nei)裝牛(niu)、羊毛,既御寒(han),又防滑。據(ju)傳(chuan)此靴(xue)源于戰國(guo)時期(qi),齊國(guo)軍師孫臏為保護(hu)被削去髕骨(gu)的傷腿,用獸皮(pi)(pi)(pi)制成有史以來第一雙(shuang)過膝皮(pi)(pi)(pi)靴(xue),供作戰時穿用,齊人盡(jin)效仿,流(liu)傳(chuan)下來。

熬(ao)皮綁(bang),是用輪(lun)胎外帶作(zuo)鞋底、簾(lian)子布作(zuo)鞋面制成的。因結實(shi)耐穿(chuan)、價格低廉,嶗山、即墨等山區農民多(duo)穿(chuan)用。

夫子履(lv),是在鞋前用較硬皮革做成單條或雙條凸筋,分別叫“單梁夫子履(lv)”和“雙梁夫子履(lv)”。因其(qi)形如抓勾,所(suo)以又叫“抓勾鞋”。鞋的前頭堅硬結實,踢(ti)到(dao)硬物時可保(bao)護腳(jiao)趾,平度(du)一帶山民穿用者(zhe)較多(duo)。

另(ling)有(you)虎頭鞋,為孩童穿用,與虎頭帽用意相同,意在(zai)消災。

如今,農民平(ping)時勞(lao)動多(duo)穿膠鞋(xie)(xie),節(jie)日和(he)會(hui)親訪友時穿皮(pi)鞋(xie)(xie)。在城鎮,皮(pi)鞋(xie)(xie)、皮(pi)靴、旅游鞋(xie)(xie)都很流行,款式繁多(duo)。

襪(wa)(wa)子,從前農(nong)民穿(chuan)布(bu)(bu)襪(wa)(wa),多(duo)用手搖紡車織的“小土(tu)布(bu)(bu)”做成,耐穿(chuan),但粗糙厚重。后來(lai),機制線襪(wa)(wa)傳入,因穿(chuan)著(zhu)舒(shu)適(shi),很快流行(xing)開來(lai)。線襪(wa)(wa)不結(jie)實,易破(po),破(po)時(shi)用碎(sui)布(bu)(bu)補(bu)綴。如今,人們普(pu)遍穿(chuan)尼龍襪(wa)(wa),但精(jing)制線襪(wa)(wa)也很時(shi)興。

首飾、佩(pei)戴 舊時,婦女的(de)(de)飾物佩(pei)戴有(you)(you)耳(er)墜、頭簪、手鐲、項鎖、戒指等(deng)多種。耳(er)墜俗稱(cheng)“墜子”,平時佩(pei)戴是一對圓(yuan)圈形的(de)(de)小(xiao)耳(er)環,也叫“圈兒”,節日(ri)和(he)禮儀往(wang)來則戴長墜。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)男

手鐲(zhuo)在民間也很(hen)流行,成年人戴(dai)的(de)為(wei)平板式,飾有花紋。小孩(hai)(hai)戴(dai)的(de)為(wei)圓(yuan)形,對接處有兩(liang)個小圓(yuan)豆,以避(bi)免損(sun)傷皮肉。有的(de)在手鐲(zhuo)上系(xi)一對小鈴鐺,小孩(hai)(hai)搖動小手,嘩嘩作響,饒有情趣。小孩(hai)(hai)還戴(dai)鎖(suo),是鎖(suo)住(zhu)小孩(hai)(hai)好養的(de)意思。百家鎖(suo)(也叫“長命鎖(suo)”)是小孩(hai)(hai)過百日(ri)時(shi)的(de)必戴(dai)飾物。

舊時,除(chu)富戶(hu)、官宦人(ren)家(jia)有金(jin)(jin)(jin)鐲、金(jin)(jin)(jin)墜、金(jin)(jin)(jin)戒(jie)指外,一般(ban)人(ren)家(jia)的飾(shi)物都是銀制的。近幾年(nian),戴金(jin)(jin)(jin)戒(jie)指、金(jin)(jin)(jin)耳環很(hen)普遍,金(jin)(jin)(jin)項鏈、金(jin)(jin)(jin)手(shou)鏈、金(jin)(jin)(jin)腳鏈也已進入尋常(chang)百(bai)姓(xing)家(jia)。

在服飾(shi)民俗中,服飾(shi)的(de)顏色、樣式(shi)、制(zhi)作方法(fa)都有許多禁(jin)忌。如子(zi)女(nv)在服孝期(qi)間不能穿紅、黃(huang)、綠等鮮(xian)艷色彩服裝,只能穿白、灰、黑等素色;婚(hun)嫁、生(sheng)育、過年(nian)等喜慶日子(zi)則忌穿白、有的(de)禁(jin)忌與諧音有關,如做壽衣忌用緞(duan)子(zi),“緞(duan)”與“斷”同音,恐(kong)斷子(zi)絕孫。

黑素色,結婚時甚至新郎穿的(de)襯衣也不用(yong)白布;衣服的(de)下(xia)擺忌有(you)毛邊,帶(dai)毛邊的(de)是喪服,穿了(le)不吉利(li)。

在民間(jian),許多習俗(su)中(zhong)都認為(wei)雙(shuang)數吉利,衣服扣子卻喜單忌雙(shuang),說是(shi)“四六不成才”,雙(shuang)數會(hui)影響(xiang)穿(chuan)衣人事業(ye)的成功。

衣服(fu)破了(le)或掉了(le)扣子(zi),忌穿在(zai)身上縫補。如果必須在(zai)身上補,被縫者口中要銜一(yi)根(gen)草(cao),說這樣針不扎人。

男人(ren)還忌從晾曬的女人(ren)褲下走(zou)過(guo),說(shuo)這(zhe)會妨礙男人(ren)運氣,實際(ji)上是輕視婦女的一(yi)種表現。

孩(hai)子只(zhi)在(zai)左耳朵上戴(dai)一只(zhi)小(xiao)墜子,說是“曳”著好養活。

結(jie)婚后的婦(fu)女帶簪(zan),梳頭(tou)時插在纂上(shang)(shang)。簪(zan)一(yi)般為平板式,上(shang)(shang)部微(wei)彎,下(xia)部尖細。另有(you)一(yi)種針(zhen)形(xing)簪(zan)子,簪(zan)頭(tou)鑲有(you)珠(zhu)子或珠(zhu)花。

飲食民俗

青島(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)俗(su)(su)屬于(yu)我國北方(fang)(fang)類型(xing),受(shou)京津一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)影響很(hen)深(shen)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食(shi)(shi)以(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)為主(zhu),雜(za)(za)以(yi)谷子(zi)、高梁、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)類(黃(huang)(huang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、豇豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、紅(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou))、黍子(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)五谷雜(za)(za)糧(liang).副(fu)食(shi)(shi)以(yi)蔬菜(cai)(cai)為主(zhu),肉類、蛋類過(guo)(guo)去(qu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尋(xun)常(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)辦喜(xi)事和(he)(he)(he)待客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)品(pin)(pin)。 城市和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)都(dou)通行一(yi)(yi)日(ri)三(san)(san)餐(can)(can),早晚稱(cheng)(cheng)“朝飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,午飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱(cheng)(cheng)“晌飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,晚飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱(cheng)(cheng)“夜(ye)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)冬(dong)(dong)閑(xian)時(shi)則(ze)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)兩餐(can)(can),稱(cheng)(cheng)“吃(chi)(chi)(chi)兩頓飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。過(guo)(guo)去(qu),農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)朝飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)一(yi)(yi)般為小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或(huo)高梁面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),配(pei)以(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)。高梁面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)統(tong)稱(cheng)(cheng)“粘粥(zhou)”,也叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“糊(hu)涂(tu)”。晌飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)摻上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)豇豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)或(huo)綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)。夜(ye)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao))。這(zhe)種(zhong)飲食(shi)(shi)安排叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“兩稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)一(yi)(yi)干(gan)”。如(ru)今農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)飲食(shi)(shi)變化較大(da)(da),大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為尋(xun)常(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)常(chang)(chang)便飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),魚(yu)(yu)(yu)肉習以(yi)為常(chang)(chang),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)已很(hen)少食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),農(nong)(nong)(nong)閑(xian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“兩頓飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”也多(duo)(duo)(duo)改為一(yi)(yi)日(ri)三(san)(san)餐(can)(can),然而早飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)粥(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣(guan)無(wu)論城市還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)都(dou)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)改變。下面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)就(jiu)(jiu)具體介紹幾種(zhong)“美食(shi)(shi)”。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi):這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)去(qu)青島(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)習慣(guan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“苞米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)(he)帶(dai)頭(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)加水(shui)放入鍋內做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)烀(hu)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)和(he)(he)(he)菜(cai)(cai)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)。菜(cai)(cai)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)加野(ye)(ye)(ye)菜(cai)(cai)或(huo)青菜(cai)(cai)葉(xie)子(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋蒸(zheng)(zheng)熟(shu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)度(du)荒(huang)年(nian)(nian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi),現(xian)(xian)已無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。另外還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少許白(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“發(fa)糕(gao)”,則(ze)屬玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin),多(duo)(duo)(duo)在(zai)(zai)節日(ri)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)咸魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)(xia)(xia)醬(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青島(dao)(dao)沿(yan)海(hai)漁民(min)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最常(chang)(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。咸魚(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)咸鲅(ba)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、咸刀魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(帶(dai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu))和(he)(he)(he)咸白(bai)(bai)(bai)鱗為最佳(jia),蝦(xia)(xia)(xia)醬(jiang)(jiang)則(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蝦(xia)(xia)(xia)子(zi)醬(jiang)(jiang)、蟹(xie)(xie)醬(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)(he)蝦(xia)(xia)(xia)頭(tou)(tou)醬(jiang)(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對蝦(xia)(xia)(xia)頭(tou)(tou)磨(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)。山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)喜(xi)歡大(da)(da)蔥蘸(zhan)大(da)(da)醬(jiang)(jiang)就(jiu)(jiu)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)吃(chi)(chi)(chi),大(da)(da)醬(jiang)(jiang)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)自己(ji)制作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣醬(jiang)(jiang)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)醬(jiang)(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥制作(zuo)),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃(huang)(huang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)發(fa)酵做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)豉(chi),摻以(yi)蘿卜(bu)(bu)丁、胡蘿卜(bu)(bu)丁、白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)絲(si)等(deng)(deng)(deng),吃(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)鮮(xian)(xian)美可品(pin)(pin),特(te)別受(shou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)喜(xi)愛。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua):學(xue)名(ming)甘薯(shu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青島(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu),特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即(ji)墨(mo)、萊西、嶗(lao)山(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)。由(you)(you)(you)于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)產(chan)量高,莖葉(xie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)喂(wei)牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)飼料,又適(shi)于(yu)山(shan)嶺薄(bo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)植,所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)青島(dao)(dao)山(shan)區(qu)廣(guang)泛栽(zai)種(zhong)。 鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)怕凍,不(bu)(bu)(bu)好(hao)儲藏。萊西等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)冬(dong)(dong)天多(duo)(duo)(duo)把(ba)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)放在(zai)(zai)屋(wu)內頂棚上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang);即(ji)墨(mo)、嶗(lao)山(shan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)則(ze)多(duo)(duo)(duo)堆積在(zai)(zai)生火的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炕頭(tou)(tou),或(huo)在(zai)(zai)屋(wu)內挖(wa)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)窖存放。一(yi)(yi)般可吃(chi)(chi)(chi)到(dao)(dao)來(lai)(lai)(lai)年(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun),所(suo)以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)半年(nian)(nian)糧(liang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣,除(chu)鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)煮(zhu)食(shi)(shi)或(huo)擦(ca)絲(si)煮(zhu)粥(zhou)外,主(zhu)要地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)和(he)(he)(he)擦(ca)絲(si)曬干(gan),分(fen)別叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)”、“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)”。將(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)碾(nian)碎磨(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),即(ji)為地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)(lai)(lai)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)包(bao)(bao)”,不(bu)(bu)(bu)太好(hao)吃(chi)(chi)(chi),所(suo)以(yi)就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)“別拿著豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)包(bao)(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)當干(gan)糧(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俗(su)(su)語,意思是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別瞧(qiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)煮(zhu)著吃(chi)(chi)(chi),由(you)(you)(you)于(yu)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可口,如(ru)今很(hen)少有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)飼料了(le)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)可單獨和(he)(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)烙餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)或(huo)烀(hu)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi),還(huan)(huan)可與其他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉混合包(bao)(bao)餃(jiao)子(zi)、搟(xian)(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)或(huo)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)其他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)很(hen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特(te)色(se),如(ru)采一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“筋骨草”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)菜(cai)(cai)或(huo)榆(yu)樹皮(pi),搗(dao)碎后(hou)和(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混合,搟(xian)(xian)(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),放鍋內箅子(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)蒸(zheng)(zheng),鍋底煮(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)菜(cai)(cai)鹵(lu)(lu),熟(shu)悉后(hou)將(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)鹵(lu)(lu)澆在(zai)(zai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),這(zhe)種(zhong)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)菜(cai)(cai)一(yi)(yi)鍋熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)給(gei)起(qi)了(le)個(ge)很(hen)形(xing)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字,叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“二起(qi)樓”。還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“金銀卷”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)分(fen)3層(ceng)(ceng)卷起(qi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋蒸(zheng)(zheng)熟(shu)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。金銀卷黃(huang)(huang)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)、黑三(san)(san)色(se)相(xiang)間,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)香里透甜,這(zhe)種(zhong)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)青島(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)也很(hen)盛行。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)以(yi)前(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青島(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)之一(yi)(yi),所(suo)以(yi),在(zai)(zai)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)很(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)花樣。如(ru)今,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)生活水(shui)平提高了(le),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)作(zuo)為主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為歷史,但“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)”仍(reng)深(shen)受(shou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)喜(xi)愛。烤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗、炸(zha)(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片(pian)(pian)還(huan)(huan)擁(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)批的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛好(hao)者。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(萊西叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)陰干(gan))是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)冬(dong)(dong)天把(ba)煮(zhu)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)曬干(gan)后(hou)密封(feng)于(yu)缸、壇內,到(dao)(dao)春(chun)(chun)天取出,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)白(bai)(bai)(bai)醭,味道甚佳(jia)。炸(zha)(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片(pian)(pian)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切(qie)(qie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薄(bo)片(pian)(pian),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)食(shi)(shi)油(you)炸(zha)(zha)熟(shu)后(hou),撒上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)砂糖,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)香脆可口。如(ru)今地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗、炸(zha)(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 片(pian)(pian),在(zai)(zai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)攤和(he)(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)店里多(duo)(duo)(duo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出售。米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):青島(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),過(guo)(guo)去(qu),大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)錢人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐(can)(can)桌上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方(fang)(fang)能(neng)(neng)見(jian)到(dao)(dao),尋(xun)常(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。即(ji)墨(mo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)把(ba)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“撈干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,作(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)加水(shui)煮(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)半熟(shu)后(hou),把(ba)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)濾(lv)出再上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋蒸(zheng)(zheng),濾(lv)出來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)汁(zhi)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“飲湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”,這(zhe)樣,飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)后(hou)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喝(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)全有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)。這(zhe)種(zhong)既省柴草又省工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),世代相(xiang)傳(chuan),直到(dao)(dao)如(ru)今。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)里如(ru)加上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)紅(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),或(huo)綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),則(ze)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)更香,味道也各(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)還(huan)(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)胡米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(高粱(liang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))或(huo)慘(can)子(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。慘(can)子(zi)皮(pi)厚產(chan)量低(di),做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)味道不(bu)(bu)(bu)佳(jia),如(ru)今已無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)栽(zai)種(zhong)。 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黍子(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“大(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,多(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)它包(bao)(bao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮(pi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)糕(gao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)節日(ri)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):農(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)常(chang)(chang)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、胡休(xiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)和(he)(he)(he)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)渣(zha)子(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、胡休(xiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)熬成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)子(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)營養豐(feng)富,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)婦(fu)女(nv)“坐(zuo)月子(zi)”和(he)(he)(he)伺候老(lao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、病人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳(jia)品(pin)(pin)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少許玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)摻上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)野(ye)(ye)(ye)菜(cai)(cai)、再加點鹽做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“菜(cai)(cai)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)前(qian)(qian)度(du)荒(huang)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo):也叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“饅頭(tou)(tou)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)逢年(nian)(nian)過(guo)(guo)節、祭祖供(gong)神(shen)和(he)(he)(he)親(qin)(qin)友之間禮儀往來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),花樣繁多(duo)(duo)(duo)。 棗餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)頂端(duan)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)5個(ge)棗鼻子(zi),嵌(qian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)紅(hong)棗蒸(zheng)(zheng)熟(shu),作(zuo)供(gong)品(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);磕(ke)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)模(俗(su)(su)稱(cheng)(cheng)“餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)磕(ke)子(zi)”)磕(ke)出蓮(lian)蓬、魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、桃、蟬、獅、猴等(deng)(deng)(deng)形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)贈送(song)親(qin)(qin)友和(he)(he)(he)節日(ri)期間食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 在(zai)(zai)重要節慶日(ri),如(ru)祭海(hai),漁婦(fu)們(men)(men)還(huan)(huan)在(zai)(zai)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)(xia)(xia)、蟹(xie)(xie)、貝、花卉或(huo)雞(ji)、燕等(deng)(deng)(deng)動植物面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)塑,形(xing)象逼真,造型(xing)美觀(guan),使人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)樂于(yu)觀(guan)賞,不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍心吃(chi)(chi)(chi)掉(diao)。面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao):青島(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)習慣(guan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”,由(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)婦(fu)們(men)(men)和(he)(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)搟(xian)(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)杖搟(xian)(xian)(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),按(an)形(xing)狀分(fen),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)寬面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、棋子(zi)塊(kuai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀切(qie)(qie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)菱(ling)角型(xing))和(he)(he)(he)細面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)等(deng)(deng)(deng),寬面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(也叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“寬心面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)婚(hun)(hun)時(shi)新(xin)郎新(xin)娘必吃(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)城鄉婚(hun)(hun)禮中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仍(reng)很(hen)流行。按(an)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)類分(fen),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)百(bai)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、豌(wan)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、雜(za)(za)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)由(you)(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混合而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))、“三(san)(san)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)腿面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”(由(you)(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)褂成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang),片(pian)(pian)薄(bo)光滑,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)非常(chang)(chang)可口。餃(jiao)子(zi):在(zai)(zai)青島(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“滑扎”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青島(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)最愛吃(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。過(guo)(guo)去(qu),老(lao)百(bai)姓家(jia)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過(guo)(guo)節或(huo)招待客人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)時(shi)才包(bao)(bao)餃(jiao)子(zi)。常(chang)(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)豬肉餡(xian)、蘿卜(bu)(bu)絲(si)蝦(xia)(xia)(xia)皮(pi)餡(xian)、韭菜(cai)(cai)餡(xian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)餃(jiao)子(zi)。沿(yan)海(hai)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)餃(jiao)子(zi)很(hen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特(te)色(se),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)鲅(ba)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)餃(jiao)子(zi)為最佳(jia)。青島(dao)(dao)市區(qu)至(zhi)今在(zai)(zai)谷雨前(qian)(qian)后(hou)鲅(ba)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市 時(shi),子(zi)女(nv)還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)向老(lao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)送(song)鲅(ba)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、讓父母嘗鮮(xian)(xian)鲅(ba)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)餃(jiao)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習俗(su)(su)。 近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)(lai),還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)野(ye)(ye)(ye)菜(cai)(cai)(薺(qi)菜(cai)(cai))餡(xian)餃(jiao)子(zi)很(hen)得青島(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)青睞,春(chun)(chun)季在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)大(da)(da)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)店的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐(can)(can)桌上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)常(chang)(chang)可見(jian)到(dao)(dao)。

居住民俗

居(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(又(you)稱“住(zhu)(zhu)所(suo))是(shi)人(ren)類(lei)(lei)抵御風(feng)寒(han)和休息繁(fan)衍的場(chang)所(suo),是(shi)人(ren)們(men)賴(lai)以(yi)生存的重要條件(jian)之一(yi)。受(shou)生活的地域、環境條件(jian)等影響,我國各地居(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)類(lei)(lei)型、房屋(wu)樣式都有所(suo)不同,居(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)俗也(ye)多(duo)種多(duo)樣。

青島(dao)地區(qu)農村房(fang)屋(wu)結構與(yu)我國北(bei)方地區(qu)的房(fang)屋(wu)結構相似,建(jian)(jian)房(fang)多(duo)取向(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)山坡,講究向(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)背陰、依山靠(kao)水(shui)。房(fang)屋(wu)為土木磚(zhuan)石結構,一列3至5間(jian),與(yu)左鄰右(you)舍(she)接山連墻,屋(wu)頂為“人”字型(xing)(亦稱“雙流(liu)水(shui)型(xing)”)。建(jian)(jian)有正(zheng)屋(wu)、東西廂屋(wu)或倒屋(wu),各家自(zi)成院落(luo)。以三合院居(ju)多(duo)。

村(cun)(cun)莊大(da)小不(bu)一,少者幾戶,大(da)的(de)數百戶,近年(nian)又出(chu)現了(le)不(bu)少千戶大(da)村(cun)(cun)。

1897年后,德國,日本(ben)先后侵占青島(dao)。隨著港口和市政(zheng)的(de)建(jian)設,大批農(nong)民涌入(ru)市區,當(dang)時西鎮一帶建(jian)起了(le)10個平民院(yuan),臺東(dong)鎮的(de)南山、仲家洼(wa)等處也(ye)陸(lu)續出現了(le)一些(xie)棚戶區。這些(xie)院(yuan)區建(jian)房(fang)無規劃(hua),房(fang)屋低矮陰暗,環境惡劣,除(chu)“人”字型屋頂外,還出現了(le)許(xu)多一面坡房(fang)屋,人們(men)習慣叫(jiao)“道士帽”。由于(yu)居(ju)住環境、條件的(de)改變,一些(xie)千百年來傳承下來的(de)居(ju)住民俗也(ye)就無法延續下來。

80年(nian)代起,政府推行舊(jiu)城改(gai)造工程,90年(nian)代又(you)實(shi)行安居(ju)(ju)工程。現在,平民(min)(min)院(yuan)和(he)棚戶區(qu)已相細建(jian)成(cheng)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)小區(qu),樓群林(lin)立(li),環境優美,人們居(ju)(ju)住條件(jian)大為改(gai)善。

在此期(qi)間,青島地區農(nong)村(cun)的老(lao)式住房也(ye)多(duo)為美觀的住宅(zhai)樓代(dai)替。居(ju)住由單純實用型向注重(zhong)審美型發展。一些現代(dai)建(jian)筑材料被(bei)廣泛采用,不少村(cun)莊也(ye)出現了樓群。

村(cun)莊 青島農村(cun)除極少數住(zhu)“山庵”的看山人外,多聚(ju)集一起居住(zhu),因而構成大小(xiao)不(bu)同(tong)的建筑群,稱(cheng)作“村(cun)”、“莊”、“仝”或“屯”。

村里的(de)道路,大的(de)叫“街(jie)(jie)”,多為(wei)(wei)東西向(xiang),稱前街(jie)(jie)、后街(jie)(jie)。大的(de)村莊街(jie)(jie)多,則冠姓氏為(wei)(wei)街(jie)(jie)名,如張家街(jie)(jie)、王家街(jie)(jie)。

小的道路稱“胡(hu)(hu)同”,多以姓氏、堂(tang)號、村中名(ming)人或樹木為名(ming),如宋(song)家胡(hu)(hu)同、福來胡(hu)(hu)同、解元(yuan)胡(hu)(hu)同、老(lao)槐樹胡(hu)(hu)同等(deng);很狹窄的小路稱“夾道”;閑散(san)人經常聚集閑談的地方稱“懶漢(han)子(zi)窩(wo)”、“老(lao)頭窩(wo)”。

有(you)些村名很(hen)有(you)特(te)色,也(ye)很(hen)有(you)趣,如(ru)萊西張哥莊是因(yin)為(wei)有(you)一個(ge)姓張的漢(han)子在這里安家(jia)落戶而得名。此人豪爽(shuang),樂于助人,附近人尊稱為(wei)張哥,村名也(ye)就成(cheng)了(le)張哥莊。因(yin)“哥”、“格(ge)”“戈(ge)”同音(yin),以后就出現(xian)了(le)像周戈(ge)莊、夏格(ge)莊等(deng)村名。這種以姓氏為(wei)名的村莊非常多,有(you)的直接叫(jiao)“岳(yue)家(jia)”、“趙家(jia)”,有(you)的則加“屯”、“溝”、“店”等(deng)字,叫(jiao)“梁家(jia)仝(tong)”、“于家(jia)屯”、“王(wang)家(jia)溝”、“徐(xu)家(jia)店”等(deng)。

有的村是以建村人(ren)的特征而得(de)名。萊西有個李(li)胡(hu)子(zi)莊,是因為清嘉慶年間,一個叫李(li)克用的人(ren)此(ci)建村,他胡(hu)子(zi)很長,人(ren)稱“李(li)胡(hu)子(zi)”,日久(jiu),這村就叫做“李(li)胡(hu)子(zi)莊”。后來(lai),有人(ren)感到此(ci)名不雅,民國初年該村名就演化成(cheng)今天的“李(li)虎莊”。

也(ye)有(you)的以建(jian)村(cun)(cun)人的職業為村(cun)(cun)名。嶗(lao)山有(you)個皂戶村(cun)(cun),因為明永(yong)樂年間有(you)幾(ji)家用灶具燒鹽(yan)戶來此定居,宋(song)代稱(cheng)鹽(yan)戶為“皂戶”,這個村(cun)(cun)也(ye)就叫做“皂戶村(cun)(cun)”。

有不少村(cun)莊是(shi)(shi)以(yi)神話(hua)傳說(shuo)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱(cheng)命名的(de)(de)(de)(de)。嶗山有個(ge)女姑山村(cun),因為(wei)村(cun)南有個(ge)“老(lao)姑庵”廟,廟內的(de)(de)(de)(de)主神人稱(cheng)“女姑”,傳說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)《封(feng)神榜》中趙公(gong)明元(yuan)帥(shuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)妹(mei)妹(mei),人們就把村(cun)名定為(wei)“女姑山”。登瀛村(cun)是(shi)(shi)傳說(shuo)秦人徐(xu)福為(wei)取長生不老(lao)藥,由此登程去仙島瀛洲而得名。嶗山石老(lao)人村(cun)村(cun)名,不但源于一個(ge)優美的(de)(de)(de)(de)神話(hua)故(gu)事,還因為(wei)村(cun)前海(hai)邊有一塊狀似老(lao)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)石。

有的(de)村莊(zhuang)以(yi)舊(jiu)時(shi)駐軍軍屯或官(guan)(guan)屯為名(ming),如鰲山衛、雄崖所、營(ying)上、黃官(guan)(guan)屯等(deng);有的(de)以(yi)寺廟(miao)、古家(jia)為名(ming),像(xiang)廟(miao)頭、家(jia)子頭、廟(miao)東、石佛院等(deng);有的(de)以(yi)地理環境(jing)取村名(ming),如簸箕嶺,因其(qi)地形像(xiang)簸箕而得(de)名(ming);還(huan)有以(yi)建村時(shi)當地的(de)村木(mu)花(hua)草為名(ming),如桃(tao)林、棗園、柳樹屯、榛子溝等(deng)。

1979年,青島開始(shi)地(di)名普查,對(dui)重復的和(he)不雅的村(cun)名進行了調(diao)整。村(cun)名和(he)村(cun)名用字都達到了標準化、規范(fan)化。

院落(luo) 青島民間居(ju)住大都各(ge)自成院,俗稱“天井”、“院子”。

過去,許多人家都喜歡設前(qian)后(hou)兩院(yuan)(yuan)。前(qian)院(yuan)(yuan)面積大,是(shi)一家人平日活動的(de)(de)主要(yao)場地,院(yuan)(yuan)里建豬(zhu)圈、而所,喜栽石榴、月季等花卉樹(shu)木(mu)。后(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)很小,用處不大,只是(shi)為了擋(dang)住后(hou)窗,認為后(hou)窗臨(lin)街“不成住處”。如今,隨著人們觀念的(de)(de)轉變,加上(shang)土地的(de)(de)寶貴,已(yi)很少(shao)有人設后(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)了。

院子周邊的(de)墻叫“院墻”,舊時多用(yong)石(shi)塊(kuai)壘成。在臨街墻上(shang),鑲嵌帶“鼻梁”的(de)石(shi)塊(kuai),用(yong)以拴騾馬,叫“拴馬石(shi)”。院墻上(shang)面(mian)(mian)抹(mo)石(shi)灰或(huo)泥,叫“打墻頭頂。”院墻上(shang)面(mian)(mian)抹(mo)成半圓形,叫“和尚頭”。如今,院墻多用(yong)石(shi)塊(kuai)壘下部(bu),上(shang)面(mian)(mian)壘磚(zhuan),外面(mian)(mian)用(yong)水泥抹(mo)平;也有的(de)用(yong)磚(zhuan)或(huo)水泥砌成幾(ji)何圖(tu)案,稱做“花(hua)墻”。院墻不得高于屋檐。

臨(lin)街院墻處(chu)留有(you)大門(men)(men)(men)(men)口,俗稱(cheng)“街門(men)(men)(men)(men)”或(huo)“街門(men)(men)(men)(men)口”。街門(men)(men)(men)(men)多為南向(xiang)或(huo)東向(xiang),胡(hu)同里也有(you)西(xi)向(xiang)的(de)(de),但(dan)很少北向(xiang)的(de)(de)。街門(men)(men)(men)(men)要與對門(men)(men)(men)(men)鄰居的(de)(de)大門(men)(men)(men)(men)口偏離,叫做(zuo)“斜對門(men)(men)(men)(men)”。

大門(men)(men)一般(ban)漆(qi)為黑(hei)色(se),老輩有功(gong)名的(de)人家可漆(qi)紅色(se)。門(men)(men)為兩扇,每扇裝一個鐵(tie)制(zhi)的(de)門(men)(men)環,左(zuo)邊(bian)的(de)門(men)(men)環連著門(men)(men)內“搖關(guan)”,“搖關(guan)”可轉(zhuan)動,供隨(sui)手關(guan)門(men)(men)用。有的(de)人家還在門(men)(men)上裝有鐵(tie)制(zhi)的(de)環扣,叫(jiao)“門(men)(men)劃拉(la)”,用以鎖門(men)(men)。

門(men)(men)(men)上部修有(you)(you)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou),舊時(shi)大門(men)(men)(men)和門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)都是財勢的象征,富有(you)(you)人(ren)家的門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)修四角(jiao)飛檐,上飾(shi)有(you)(you)“龍頭(tou)”、“壽狗”等(deng)吉祥物,大門(men)(men)(men)高(gao)大,彩(cai)畫裝飾(shi)。平(ping)常(chang)人(ren)家的大門(men)(men)(men)、門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)都很簡陋,門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)多用草氈,有(you)(you)的大門(men)(men)(men)沒有(you)(you)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou),叫“土門(men)(men)(men)子(zi)”。

大(da)(da)門內(nei)大(da)(da)多建有影(ying)壁(bi),俗(su)稱“照壁(bi)”(磚砌屏風),上(shang)寫“福”字,或繪有鹿、鶴等(deng)圖案,一求吉(ji)慶(qing),二作裝飾。

房屋(wu) 民間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)多住平(ping)房。舊時(shi),房屋(wu)結構(gou)為起脊,用(yong)梁、柱(zhu)構(gou)成骨架,土墻草頂,木欞窗戶(間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)石墻瓦頂)。一(yi)幢(chuang)房屋(wu)3、4、5間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成套(tao),坐北(bei)朝南的房間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為“正屋(wu)”,坐南朝北(bei)的為“倒屋(wu)”,東西兩側為“廂屋(wu)”,分別(bie)叫“東廂屋(wu)”、“西廂屋(wu)”。正屋(wu)中間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為“正間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”,兩邊(bian)分別(bie)叫“東間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”、“西間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”,再往(wang)里(li)叫“套(tao)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”。正間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設鍋灶(zao)(zao)兩個,通(tong)東、西間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)炕內(nei),供(gong)冬季熱炕取暖。舊時(shi),正間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)與(yu)東間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)墻壁上(shang)(shang)多留一(yi)小(xiao)方(fang)(fang)洞(dong),叫“燈窩”,洞(dong)內(nei)可放油(you)燈,這樣(yang)一(yi)盞燈可照明正、東兩間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房,可節省燈油(you)。也有(you)的人把(ba)它(ta)叫做(zuo)“婆(po)婆(po)眼”,說從方(fang)(fang)洞(dong)中可看到灶(zao)(zao)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的行動,供(gong)婆(po)婆(po)監視媳婦用(yong)。在(zai)正間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的上(shang)(shang)方(fang)(fang)用(yong)木板(ban)或高梁秸(jie)扎頂棚,也叫“天棚”,冬天可用(yong)來存放地瓜。東、西間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)多用(yong)花紙貼棚頂,裝(zhuang)飾有(you)蝙(bian)蝠、團花等剪紙,叫“仰棚”。

人口多的人家(jia),通(tong)常長輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)正屋(wu),幼輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廂屋(wu)。住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一幢房(fang)子的,長輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)外間(jian),幼輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)里間(jian)(套間(jian)),長輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)東間(jian),幼輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)西間(jian)。

倒屋一(yi)般不住人(ren)(ren),普通(tong)人(ren)(ren)家堆放雜物、工具或柴草,有身份人(ren)(ren)家用作待客,稱“客屋”。

廂房(fang)夏熱冬冷,通(tong)風采光又差,所(suo)以民間有(you)(you)“東廂西廂,不孝的(de)兒郎”、“有(you)(you)錢不住東廂房(fang),冬不暖,夏不涼”的(de)俗諺。富有(you)(you)人家的(de)廂房(fang)多不住人,用作(zuo)(zuo)飼(si)養(yang)大牲(sheng)畜或安石(shi)磨(mo)作(zuo)(zuo)磨(mo)房(fang)。

建房(fang)(青島人(ren)叫(jiao)“蓋屋”)是一(yi)(yi)家人(ren)的(de)大事,舊(jiu)時,看風水、擇宅基、安門框、做(zuo)梁(liang)椽等(deng)都要(yao)經過多種儀式和活(huo)動(dong),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)屬上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)儀式最為熱鬧、隆重。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)時間一(yi)(yi)塊紅(hong)布,叫(jiao)做(zuo)“掛紅(hong)”。梁(liang)檁上(shang)(shang)要(yao)貼上(shang)(shang)“上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)大吉(ji)”等(deng)字樣的(de)橫坡(po),還要(yao)綁上(shang)(shang)筷(kuai)子,用(yong)紅(hong)繩系上(shang)(shang)銅制錢,掛上(shang)(shang)紅(hong)布等(deng)飾物,以求(qiu)吉(ji)利。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)時,房(fang)屋四周燃放鞭炮(pao),正間當(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)安設(she)(she)方(fang)桌,擺(bai)設(she)(she)供品,點燃紅(hong)燭,由建房(fang)人(ren)家的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)跪拜(bai)。萊西一(yi)(yi)帶在上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)時,兩(liang)位木匠(jiang)、瓦(wa)匠(jiang)師傅(fu)還要(yao)邊(bian)唱喜歌邊(bian)往下扔一(yi)(yi)些龍、鳳、虎、蝶等(deng)形狀的(de)小餑(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo),逗引孩子們(men)哄搶。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)儀式結束后的(de)當(dang)(dang)天,主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)要(yao)在新房(fang)設(she)(she)宴請(qing)親朋(peng)、工匠(jiang)和幫工者,酒菜一(yi)(yi)般都很豐盛。

現在(zai)(zai),民(min)間建房“看風水”和(he)“擺供求神”等舊俗多(duo)已廢除,但在(zai)(zai)梁(liang)、檁之(zhi)上貼(tie)橫批(pi)、堅聯,以及(ji)放(fang)鞭(bian)炮等求吉習俗仍(reng)流(liu)行。

70年(nian)代開始,農村建房(fang)由生(sheng)產大隊(村委會)統一規劃,街道(dao)、房(fang)屋逐步(bu)達到布局整齊(qi)劃一,房(fang)屋也多為磚(zhuan)石墻(qiang)、瓦頂(ding)(ding)、玻璃(li)窗戶。伙房(fang)、寢室、會客室分(fen)別設置,廂(xiang)屋多為水泥平(ping)頂(ding)(ding),用以(yi)曬糧食(shi)或(huo)夏夜乘(cheng)涼(liang)。

80年代后,老舊草(cao)房基(ji)本(ben)絕跡,有些農村已是樓房連片,農民的居住條件大為改善。

在居住民俗中,也(ye)有(you)(you)許多(duo)禁忌,但多(duo)帶有(you)(you)迷信(xin)色彩,如過去有(you)(you)的(de)地方農歷五月忌蓋(gai)屋(wu),說(shuo)五月為惡月,蓋(gai)屋(wu)家中要死人,顯然(ran)沒有(you)(you)科學依據;住所大門(men)忌沖著山丘,河(he)流、大道、水(shui)井和墳墓,說(shuo)這樣會(hui)遭邪氣和不吉利,若無法避開(kai),則要在門(men)上(shang)(shang)掛“八卦鏡(jing)”破解;宅基不能直沖通街道,也(ye)不能面(mian)(mian)對廟宇,如無法避開(kai),要在宅子外(wai)面(mian)(mian)一(yi)角安一(yi)塊(kuai)小(xiao)石碑(bei),上(shang)(shang)刻“泰山石敢當”5個字(zi)(zi);建房用(yong)的(de)木料,忌用(yong)楸木、槐木,因“楸”、“槐”沾(zhan)著“火”、“鬼”二(er)字(zi)(zi),恐不吉。

在院(yuan)內還忌栽(zai)桑(sang)(sang)樹(shu)、柳樹(shu)和(he)楊樹(shu),俗稱前不(bu)栽(zai)桑(sang)(sang),后不(bu)栽(zai)柳,院(yuan)內不(bu)栽(zai)“鬼(gui)拍手”。因(yin)為(wei)“桑(sang)(sang)”與“喪”同音,出門風(feng)喪不(bu)吉;柳不(bu)結籽,恐無子絕后;栽(zai)“鬼(gui)拍手”(指楊樹(shu))則怕招來鬼(gui)魅,宅室不(bu)字。如今,已(yi)很少有(you)人相信有(you)什(shen)么鬼(gui)魅了,但農民(min)院(yuan)子內外至今仍不(bu)栽(zai)植以(yi)上3種(zhong)樹(shu)木。

禮儀民俗

人生(sheng)(sheng)禮(li)儀(yi)民俗(su)(su),是(shi)指人的(de)一生(sheng)(sheng)從誕生(sheng)(sheng)到死亡各個階(jie)段的(de)禮(li)節和(he)(he)儀(yi)式(shi),包括生(sheng)(sheng)禮(li)風俗(su)(su)、婚禮(li)風俗(su)(su)、壽禮(li)風俗(su)(su)和(he)(he)喪禮(li)風俗(su)(su),是(shi)最復雜和(he)(he)繁瑣的(de)民俗(su)(su)事象。

在青島(dao)地(di)區,嬰兒出生(sheng)后要舉行“報喜”、“過三日”、搬滿月”、“過百歲(sui)”等多種儀式,直到一(yi)歲(sui)生(sheng)日過后,生(sheng)育的各種程序(xu)方算結束(shu)。

在生育民俗中,傳統(tong)的(de)男(nan)尊女(nv)卑觀念很明顯,生男(nan)稱“大喜”,生女(nv)稱“小(xiao)喜”。女(nv)孩(hai)報喜的(de)時間要(yao)比(bi)男(nan)孩(hai)晚3天(tian),關這喜蛋要(yao)比(bi)男(nan)孩(hai)少,禮儀(yi)也比(bi)男(nan)孩(hai)簡單(dan)得多(duo)。

婚禮(li)(li)禮(li)(li)也是(shi)人(ren)生(sheng)禮(li)(li)儀中的一(yi)個大禮(li)(li),舊(jiu)時權勢人(ren)家(jia)結婚興“六禮(li)(li)”,即納(na)彩、問(wen)名、納(na)吉、納(na)征、請日、親迎。尋常(chang)百姓家(jia)禮(li)(li)儀雖從(cong)簡,但也要(yao)經過說(shuo)媒、定(ding)親(下媒柬)、送日子、送嫁妝(zhuang)、迎娶等多道程序(xu)。

送(song)嫁妝、迎娶往往成為(wei)有錢人炫耀門(men)庭(ting)的時(shi)機,大操(cao)大辦助長了鋪張浪費(fei)風氣。

在婚俗中,有不少封建(jian)迷(mi)信(xin)色(se)彩,如(ru)合婚批生辰(chen)八字、看男女屬相是否相克等(deng)。舊時“白馬怕青牛,羊鼠一旦休(xiu);金雞怕玉犬,雞猴不到頭(tou)”等(deng)說(shuo)法不知毀掉(diao)了(le)多少個幸福(fu)的婚姻。

建國(guo)后(hou),實行新的(de)婚(hun)(hun)姻(yin)法,過去的(de)許多婚(hun)(hun)姻(yin)陋俗,如指腹婚(hun)(hun)、娃娃親、童養(yang)媳、結陰親、納妝(zhuang)、一夫娶二房等已絕(jue)跡。但近(jin)年(nian)來(lai),婚(hun)(hun)姻(yin)中(zhong)的(de)大(da)操(cao)辦之風仍很興盛。

壽禮(li)是為老(lao)年人慶壽的一種儀(yi)式(shi)。近年來,青(qing)島人祝壽、過(guo)去日習俗(su)盛行(xing),但禮(li)儀(yi)從簡。

喪(sang)事是人生的(de)終結,喪(sang)禮是人生的(de)最后一次禮儀。民間(jian)對喪(sang)禮看得很重,往往不惜花費大量(liang)財力、物(wu)力來安慰亡靈。

過去青島人實行(xing)土(tu)葬,葬禮(li)程序繁多。如今,普遍推行(xing)火(huo)葬,喪事(shi)從簡。有的將死者骨(gu)灰盒埋葬土(tu)中(zhong),說是(shi)“隨(sui)土(tu)而安”;有的將骨(gu)灰撒向大海。

節日民俗

歲時節日民俗(su)是按(an)一(yi)年四(si)季(ji)的氣(qi)候變化和節氣(qi)變換在民間形成(cheng)的風俗(su)習(xi)慣,是我國民俗(su)中的重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分。

歲時(shi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)民俗(su)中傳(chuan)承(cheng)著(zhu)許多具有民族(zu)特(te)色的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。這些(xie)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)經過于百(bai)年的(de)(de)傳(chuan)承(cheng)變異,已形(xing)成了(le)各自不同的(de)(de)內容與特(te)色。其(qi)中有反映(ying)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)農事節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(立春、谷雨、石頭(tou)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)等(deng));祭(ji)奠祖先、神靈的(de)(de)祭(ji)祀節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(中元節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、寒(han)衣節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));追(zhui)念民族(zu)英雄和名土偉(wei)人的(de)(de)紀念節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(清明節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、端(duan)午節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));祝賀喜(xi)慶(qing)豐收、闔家(jia)團圓的(de)(de)慶(qing)賀節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(春節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、中秋(qiu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));還有屬于游(you)藝娛樂方面的(de)(de)游(you)樂節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(元宵(xiao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie))等(deng)。許多傳(chuan)統節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)都伴有一個優美的(de)(de)神話傳(chuan)說故(gu)事,如乞(qi)巧(qiao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“牛(niu)郎(lang)織女”、中秋(qiu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“嫦娥奔月”、寒(han)衣節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“孟姜女千里尋夫”等(deng)。

如(ru)今,一些(xie)大的(de)(de)全民性(xing)的(de)(de)節日,如(ru)春(chun)節、端午(wu)節、中秋(qiu)節等仍很受人重視;一些(xie)小的(de)(de)或地域性(xing)的(de)(de)節日,如(ru)五(wu)馬日、人日、石王生日等已逐(zhu)漸(jian)被人們(men)淡忘。

建(jian)(jian)國(guo)后,形(xing)成了不少新興(xing)的(de)節(jie)(jie)日(ri),這些節(jie)(jie)日(ri)有的(de)是國(guo)際(ji)性的(de),部分為我國(guo)特有,主要有元(yuan)旦、三八(ba)國(guo)際(ji)勞動婦女節(jie)(jie)、五(wu)一(yi)國(guo)際(ji)勞動節(jie)(jie)、五(wu)四(si)青年節(jie)(jie)、六一(yi)國(guo)際(ji)兒童節(jie)(jie)、七一(yi)建(jian)(jian)黨(dang)日(ri)、八(ba)一(yi)建(jian)(jian)軍節(jie)(jie)、九月十日(ri)教師節(jie)(jie)、十一(yi)國(guo)慶節(jie)(jie)等(deng)。

民俗節慶

1、青(qing)島蘿卜會(元宵山會)

舉辦時間:正月初九至正月十五

舉辦地點(dian):云(yun)溪庵

主(zhu)要活動:開幕式,蘿卜藝(yi)術雕(diao)刻大賽,民(min)間(jian)工藝(yi)品制作(zuo)大賽,元宵制作(zuo)展評,閉幕式等。

交通方式:在市內乘坐2,5,21,24,305路車在“黃臺路”下車即可(ke)。

背景介紹:云(yun)溪庵(an)始(shi)建(jian)于元(yuan)代,屬(shu)道教廟(miao)宇,因出產(chan)的(de)蘿(luo)卜脆而(er)大著名。民間有“正(zheng)月初九(jiu)吃蘿(luo)卜不牙疼,可防百(bai)病”的(de)說法(fa),因而(er)蘿(luo)卜成了廟(miao)會(hui)上(shang)的(de)主要商品,漸(jian)漸(jian)廟(miao)會(hui)也就被人(ren)(ren)們(men)稱之為(wei)“蘿(luo)卜會(hui)”。現在的(de)蘿(luo)卜會(hui)人(ren)(ren)流如潮,各類商品琳瑯滿(man)目,已成為(wei)島城春節(jie)后第一(yi)個有影響的(de)民間節(jie)日(ri)盛會(hui)。

2、海云庵糖球會(hui)

舉辦時間:正月十六至正月十八

舉辦地點(dian):海云庵(an)

主要活動:茂腔、柳腔、皮影、雜耍、剪紙、年畫、秧歌大賽、鑼鼓大賽等民(min)間藝術活動,還有大型廣場(chang)文藝表演(yan)(yan)、地(di)方(fang)戲專場(chang)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)、攝影抓拍比賽、書畫現場(chang)表演(yan)(yan)、武術表演(yan)(yan)等。

交(jiao)(jiao)通方式(shi):市內可(ke)乘坐1、5、7、15、32、206、210、319路公交(jiao)(jiao)車前(qian)往。

背景(jing)介(jie)紹:海云(yun)(yun)庵(an)始建于明(ming)代。舊時農歷正月十六是該庵(an)廟會(hui),由于廟會(hui)上賣山(shan)楂糖(tang)(tang)球的特別多,便稱之(zhi)為“海云(yun)(yun)庵(an)糖(tang)(tang)球會(hui)”。1986年青島(dao)恢復了這(zhe)一民俗(su)節日,為期3天。

3、田橫祭海節

舉(ju)辦(ban)時間:每年3月20到3月22日

舉辦地點(dian):即(ji)墨田橫鎮(zhen)

主要(yao)活(huo)動(dong):祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)前(qian)一天,打掃(sao)龍(long)王廟,擺(bai)香爐(lu)(lu)、祭(ji)(ji)案,貼對聯,扎松柏(bo)龍(long)門。 祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)當天,漁(yu)民們以船為單位在龍(long)王廟前(qian)的海(hai)(hai)灘上(shang)開始(shi)擺(bai)供。漁(yu)民們將(jiang)要(yao)焚燒(shao)的黃裱紙(zhi)整(zheng)理(li)好(hao),擺(bai)好(hao)香爐(lu)(lu),將(jiang)上(shang)千掛紅彤(tong)(tong)彤(tong)(tong)的鞭炮升上(shang)高空(kong)。

交通方(fang)式:青島(dao)(dao)市區居民可以在青島(dao)(dao)四方(fang)長(chang)途汽車(che)站,坐從青島(dao)(dao)到即墨的(de)流水發車(che),到站后直接(jie)坐從即墨到田(tian)橫的(de)流水車(che)。

背景介紹:祭(ji)(ji)海是漁(yu)民在漫長(chang)的(de)耕海牧漁(yu)生(sheng)活中創造的(de)一種獨具地(di)域特色(se)的(de)漁(yu)家文(wen)(wen)化(hua)。每年(nian)谷雨前后,漁(yu)民們(men)(men)在修船(chuan)、添置漁(yu)具等(deng)生(sheng)產準備工作就緒后,選個黃道(dao)吉日(ri)把漁(yu)網抬上船(chuan),便開始祭(ji)(ji)海,因此又(you)稱“上網”。專家對田(tian)(tian)橫(heng)境內古文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺址考證,早在6000年(nian)前的(de)新石器時代,先民們(men)(men)就在田(tian)(tian)橫(heng)區域靠漁(yu)獵為生(sheng),繁(fan)衍生(sheng)息。當時因認識水平有限,人們(men)(men)無法解釋大自然的(de)神秘現(xian)象,對大海懷有深(shen)深(shen)的(de)敬畏心(xin)理(li),出海捕(bu)魚時都(dou)要(yao)向海神祈福求安(an)。明永樂年(nian)間,隨著當地(di)人口聚集(ji),逐漸形成村落,祭(ji)(ji)海儀(yi)式初見規模(mo)。至民國初年(nian),田(tian)(tian)橫(heng)祭(ji)(ji)海形成以家族或船(chuan)組為單位的(de)集(ji)體祭(ji)(ji)海活動。

4、青島十梅庵梅花節

舉辦時(shi)間:每年3月(yue)中旬至(zhi)4月(yue)上旬

舉(ju)辦(ban)地(di)點(dian):青島梅園

主要活動:梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)節的主要內容有梅(mei)(mei)花(hua),蠟(la)梅(mei)(mei)大、中、小型盆(pen)景,露地(di)景地(di)(梅(mei)(mei)樹),梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)、蠟(la)梅(mei)(mei)寫意盆(pen)景,插花(hua)藝術(shu),攝影展(zhan),詩書畫展(zhan)等。

交通方式(shi):乘坐 364路, 在 十梅庵公園站(zhan) 下車(che),步行150米(mi)至 梅園

背景介紹:1999年(nian),在青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)梅(mei)(mei)園舉(ju)辦了第(di)六(liu)屆(jie)(jie)中(zhong)國(guo)梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)蠟梅(mei)(mei)展覽會、第(di)三屆(jie)(jie)國(guo)際梅(mei)(mei)文化學術研(yan)討會和青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市首屆(jie)(jie)梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)節,并(bing)被農(nong)業部命名為“中(zhong)國(guo)梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”。 此(ci)后,青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)十(shi)梅(mei)(mei)庵梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)節于每(mei)年(nian)3月(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)至4月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)在青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)十(shi)梅(mei)(mei)庵風景區內的青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)梅(mei)(mei)園舉(ju)行。梅(mei)(mei)園每(mei)年(nian)還要邀請無錫(xi)園林(lin)局(ju)、蘇州園林(lin)局(ju)、武漢磨(mo)山管理(li)局(ju)、山東騰(teng)蛟園藝(yi)場等兄弟單位共同參展。每(mei)年(nian)的梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)節,青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)梅(mei)(mei)園盛(sheng)況空前,博大(da)精(jing)深(shen)的梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)文化吸(xi)引(yin)游(you)客超過10萬人次。

5、膠南(nan)杜鵑花會

舉辦時間:3月(yue)28日——5月(yue)31日

舉(ju)辦地點:膠南大珠山風景區

主(zhu)要活(huo)動(dong):四到五月,珠山上(shang)杜鵑開得正(zheng)盛,游人主(zhu)要活(huo)動(dong)是(shi)登山賞花(hua)。花(hua)會上(shang)還設有美食坊,沿途會有轉風車、打地鼠(shu)等真人活(huo)動(dong),可供娛樂。

交通方式:青(qing)島市民可(ke)(ke)乘(cheng)坐(zuo)3路、7路公交到(dao)達(da)大(da)(da)珠山(shan)汽車(che)南站,或(huo)乘(cheng)坐(zuo)12路、101到(dao)達(da)濱海大(da)(da)道后換乘(cheng)臨(lin)時專線公交車(che)至(zhi)各景區(qu)觀(guan)光旅游,也可(ke)(ke)以直接乘(cheng)坐(zuo)102路到(dao)達(da)珠山(shan)秀谷。

背景介紹:中國瑯(lang)琊旅游文化節暨膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)杜鵑(juan)花(hua)會,以膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)歷史(shi)文化為(wei)(wei)背景,以瑯(lang)琊臺、靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)灣和(he)萬畝野生杜鵑(juan)花(hua)等旅游資源為(wei)(wei)基礎(chu),以提(ti)升膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)城市品牌(pai)為(wei)(wei)目的,通過策劃豐富多(duo)彩的主題(ti)活(huo)動(dong),多(duo)方位(wei)展現山(shan)水(shui)靈(ling)(ling)韻(yun)、和(he)美膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)的醉人(ren)風光、風土人(ren)情和(he)勃勃生機,為(wei)(wei)廣大游客打造一個舒心、互動(dong)、和(he)諧的旅游節慶活(huo)動(dong),真正實現社會效(xiao)益、環(huan)境效(xiao)益、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益的共贏。

6、青島賞花會

舉辦(ban)時間:4月中(zhong)旬

舉(ju)辦地點:青島李滄區

主(zhu)要(yao)活動:大(da)(da)型主(zhu)題晚會(hui)、國際(ji)插(cha)花(hua)藝術(shu)大(da)(da)賽、登山賞花(hua)游、書畫筆會(hui)、大(da)(da)型征(zheng)文比賽、民俗(su)文化(hua)活動周、優惠(hui)購物活動等

交通方式:青島市民可以就(jiu)近在長(chang)途站坐車去李滄,流(liu)水發(fa)車。

背景(jing)介(jie)紹:青島(dao)賞花(hua)會是(shi)以(yi)前青島(dao)李滄區獨特的花(hua)卉資源為基礎,主要是(shi)賞三(san)花(hua),即(ji)李村東部的萬(wan)畝(mu)桃花(hua)、十梅(mei)庵的800畝(mu)梅(mei)花(hua)和戴家北(bei)山紅石壁子的千畝(mu)野(ye)杜鵑花(hua),整合其他花(hua)卉資源和文化資源,形(xing)成集旅游、商貿、群眾(zhong)性文化活動為一體的文化節會。

7、嶗山旅游文化節

舉辦時間:4月(yue)下旬(xun)至6月(yue)上旬(xun)

舉辦地點:嶗山

主(zhu)要活動(dong):嶗(lao)(lao)山旅游(you)文化節以“山海情懷、魅力嶗(lao)(lao)山”為(wei)主(zhu)題。分為(wei)節會(hui)活動(dong)、論壇及研討會(hui)、文化系(xi)列(lie)(lie)活動(dong)、旅游(you)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)活動(dong)、經貿(mao)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)活動(dong)、體育健身系(xi)列(lie)(lie)活動(dong)等八大主(zhu)題板(ban)塊。

交(jiao)通方(fang)式:市區居民可以從青島火車站、輪(lun)渡碼頭(tou)、前海、中山(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)園及青島市政府一帶去(qu)嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan),可沿香港(gang)路(lu)或東(dong)海路(lu)至石(shi)老(lao)人,接湛流干路(lu)到達嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)麓的門戶沙子(zi)口,由(you)沙子(zi)口進入山(shan)(shan)(shan)區。

背景介紹:由中國國際茶文化研究會、中國茶葉流通協會、山東省茶文化協會、青島市人民政府主辦,青島市嶗山區人民政府承辦的國際茶文化研討會暨嶗山國際茶文化節被譽為“茶屆奧林匹克”。不斷擴大文化影響力,是一個區域具有長久生命力的根本所在。嶗山之美不僅在于她的山、她的海,更在于她幾千年的文化底蘊。文化與旅游相互融合將產生無窮的魅力和巨大的社會價值。旅游文化節將以重點旅游項目為依托,注重鄉村旅游和文化的融合,深入挖掘嶗山旅游文化資源,加強對非物質文化資源的開發和利用,不斷提升旅游的文化品位。更多>>>

青島民俗村

青島藏馬莊民俗村,位于青島藏馬山國(guo)際(ji)旅游度假區(qu),是(shi)集民俗表演、手(shou)工(gong)作坊、特(te)色(se)小吃、非物質(zhi)文化遺(yi)產(chan)、世紀(ji)末(mo)手(shou)工(gong)業、酒(jiu)吧、民宿客棧等為一體(ti)的(de)民俗旅游項目,是(shi)山東地(di)區(qu)以民俗文化為主(zhu)題的(de)人文景(jing)區(qu)。藏馬莊民俗村總(zong)占地(di)面(mian)積120畝,一期建成(cheng)8500平方(fang)米,,二期規劃(hua)1.5萬(wan)平方(fang)米。總(zong)投資1.1億(yi),一期投資6500萬(wan)。

藏馬莊以(yi)傳統民間(jian)市井(jing)文(wen)(wen)化為敘事(shi)線(xian)索(suo),以(yi)山東(dong)文(wen)(wen)化作為園區文(wen)(wen)脈,薈(hui)萃山東(dong)各地(di)特色傳統人文(wen)(wen)風貌(mao),鋪墊深(shen)厚文(wen)(wen)化底蘊。通過豐(feng)富的(de)(de)游樂體驗,展示山東(dong)璀(cui)璨文(wen)(wen)明(ming)。走進藏馬莊,感受到的(de)(de)是一部凝固的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)和流動的(de)(de)畫卷。

藏(zang)馬莊以傳統民間(jian)市井文(wen)化(hua)為敘事線索,在民俗(su)(su)村(cun)內鋪(pu)展活(huo)色生香(xiang)的民間(jian)傳統生活(huo)畫卷。“一(yi)(yi)朝步(bu)入(ru)畫卷,一(yi)(yi)日(ri)夢回千年”。藏(zang)馬莊以傳統集市文(wen)化(hua)模式薈萃(cui)齊魯風情,打(da)造(zao)集民俗(su)(su)表演、手工作(zuo)坊(fang)、特色小(xiao)吃、非物質文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)、世紀末手工業、酒吧、民宿客棧等傳統功能(neng)綜合(he)體(ti),打(da)造(zao)文(wen)化(hua)功能(neng)的多元(yuan)化(hua),復合(he)多樣特色的民俗(su)(su)旅游產(chan)品(pin)。包攬山東,尋(xun)找歷史長(chang)河中傳統民間(jian)的“那些事兒”。

2015年10月1日,藏馬莊民俗村開園納客(ke)。每年春(chun)節(jie),藏馬莊民俗村都會(hui)舉行盛(sheng)大(da)的民俗文化廟會(hui)。

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