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【青島文化】青島歷史文化 青島民俗文化 青島風俗習慣

本文章由注冊用戶 壯志凌云 上傳提供 評論 發布 反饋 0
摘要:青島是一座歷史文化名城,中國道教的發祥地,6000年以前,這里已有了人類的生存和繁衍。不同時代的發展成就了今天的青島,隨著青島市的發展,青島市現在還有哪些民俗習慣呢?青島如今還保留了哪些歷史文化習俗呢?下面本文就為大家盤點了青島的一些民俗習慣,一起來了解一下青島都還有哪些民俗習慣吧。

歷史沿革

青島是中國(guo)道教的(de)發祥(xiang)地之一。新(xin)石器時代(dai),青(qing)島是(shi)東夷人繁(fan)衍生息的主要地區之一,遺留了(le)豐富多(duo)彩的大汶口文(wen)化(hua)、龍(long)山文(wen)化(hua)和(he)岳(yue)石文(wen)化(hua)。商周時期,青島是中國(guo)海鹽(yan)的(de)發祥(xiang)地,位列中國(guo)“四(si)大古鹽(yan)區”和(he)“五大古港(gang)”。春秋戰國時期,青島建立了(le)山東地區第二大市(shi)鎮—即墨,“即墨故(gu)城”(平度市(shi)境內)是中國現存最早(zao)的古代城池遺(yi)址(zhi)。秦始(shi)皇統一(yi)中(zhong)國后,五巡天下,三登瑯琊(青島(dao)黃島(dao)區(qu)境(jing)內(nei))。據記載(zai),中(zhong)國最早的一(yi)次涉洋遠航——徐福東渡朝鮮、日本,就是從瑯琊起航的。漢(han)武帝少年時(shi)代在不其(城陽區境內)做過膠東(dong)王,是中國有記載的到(dao)青島地域巡游次數最多的皇帝。唐宋(song)時期(qi),青島(dao)作(zuo)為銜接南北航運的“中(zhong)轉站(zhan)”,成為中(zhong)國北方沿(yan)海最重要的交通(tong)樞紐和(he)貿易(yi)口岸。宋(song)時專門在板橋鎮(膠州市境(jing)內)設“市舶(bo)司”管理對(dui)外貿易(yi)。元朝,為方(fang)便(bian)海運漕(cao)糧(liang),開鑿了中國(guo)唯(wei)一的海運河——縱(zong)貫山東半島的膠(jiao)萊(lai)運河。明清時期,青島是中國北(bei)方重要的海防要塞,時稱膠澳。1891年(nian)6月(yue)14日(ri),清政府在膠(jiao)澳設(she)防,青島由此建置。18971114日,德(de)國以“巨野教案”為借口(kou)侵占青島,青島淪為殖(zhi)民地。1914年(nian),第一次世(shi)界(jie)大戰(zhan)爆發,日本(ben)取(qu)代德國占(zhan)領青島(dao)。1919年,以(yi)收(shou)回青島主權為(wei)導火(huo)索,爆(bao)發了“五四運動”,這(zhe)是(shi)中國(guo)近、現(xian)代歷史的(de)分(fen)水(shui)嶺。19221210日,中國北洋政(zheng)府收回青島,辟為商(shang)埠。19297月,國民黨(dang)政(zheng)府(fu)設(she)青島特別市,1930年改(gai)稱青島市。19381月,日(ri)本再次侵占青島。19459月,國民黨政府接管青島(dao),仍為特別市(shi)。19496月(yue)2日,青島成為華北地(di)區最(zui)后一(yi)座解放的城市,改屬(shu)山東省轄市。1981年青島被(bei)列為中(zhong)國15個經濟中(zhong)心城市之一。1984年(nian)青(qing)島被列(lie)為中國14個沿海(hai)開(kai)放城(cheng)市之一。1986年青島被(bei)列為5個計劃單列(lie)市之一。1994年(nian)青島(dao)被列為全(quan)國15個副省級(ji)城(cheng)市之一。2011年青島被(bei)定位(wei)為山東半島藍(lan)色經(jing)濟區(qu)(qu)核心區(qu)(qu)的龍頭(tou)城(cheng)市(shi)。

民俗文化

服飾民俗

服(fu)飾民俗是指(zhi)人們在服(fu)裝、鞋帽、佩戴、裝飾方面的風俗習(xi)慣。服(fu)飾和飲食(shi)一(yi)樣,是每個(ge)人都離不開的。

時代、氣候以至人的地位、職業、性別、年齡都對服飾(shi)(shi)有著(zhu)直接的影響,所以服飾(shi)(shi)民俗也(ye)有著(zhu)十分廣泛的內(nei)容。人們(men)為(wei)了(le)適應季(ji)節變化,制(zhi)作出了(le)單衣(yi)、夾衣(yi)、棉(mian)衣(yi)、皮衣(yi)等各(ge)類服裝;為(wei)了(le)裝飾(shi)(shi)和(he)美化生(sheng)活,按照不同性別、年齡,創造了(le)各(ge)個(ge)時期不同的發型(xing)、首(shou)飾(shi)(shi)和(he)佩戴(dai)方式;為(wei)了(le)區別不同的職業分工,又出現了(le)樣式各(ge)異的職業服裝,使人們(men)可以明(ming)顯地看(kan)出穿著(zhu)者的身(shen)份和(he)職業。

生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水平的(de)(de)高低(di)對(dui)服飾民俗起著(zhu)舉足(zu)輕重的(de)(de)作用。舊(jiu)時,青島地區農民大都(dou)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)只有(you)兩套(tao)(tao)服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(一套(tao)(tao)單衣(yi)和(he)(he)一套(tao)(tao)棉衣(yi)),還要“新三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),舊(jiu)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),縫縫補補又三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)”,這并不(bu)是(shi)為了節(jie)儉,而是(shi)貧窮所致。穿衣(yi)只是(shi)為了遮蔽(bi)身(shen)體、抵(di)御風(feng)寒,根本談不(bu)上裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾和(he)(he)審美功能。50年(nian)(nian)(nian)代以后農民開始(shi)穿針(zhen)織或細布內(nei)衣(yi),服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)布料不(bu)斷(duan)更新。改革開放以后,隨著(zhu)人(ren)們(men)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水平的(de)(de)提高,各類款式的(de)(de)服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)爭(zheng)奇(qi)斗艷,人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)服飾再不(bu)是(shi)單純為了蔽(bi)體御寒,而更多的(de)(de)則是(shi)為了美化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)而從款式、用料、色彩(cai)等(deng)多方面(mian)進行選擇和(he)(he)穿戴。

帽子(zi)(zi) 辛亥革命前,男子(zi)(zi)多戴瓜(gua)皮帽,俗稱“半帽”或(huo)“瓜(gua)皮子(zi)(zi)”,因其形狀象半個西瓜(gua)而得名。瓜(gua)皮帽是用上(shang)尖下寬的多塊綢(chou)布做成,用琉璃蛋(dan)或(huo)絨(rong)布結為(wei)(wei)頂(ding)飾(shi)(叫(jiao)“帽葫蘆”)。紅色(se)頂(ding)飾(shi)為(wei)(wei)青(qing)年人所戴;中老年戴的頂(ding)飾(shi)為(wei)(wei)藍色(se);家中遇有喪事,則(ze)頂(ding)飾(shi)用白布包(bao)住。

氈帽(mao),又稱“氈帽(mao)頭(tou)”,農民和(he)商(shang)販(fan)多(duo)在(zai)天冷時(shi)戴用。帽(mao)分左、右、后3塊,翻上去是一(yi)圓形帽(mao)頭(tou),折下(xia)來可蓋住面(mian)頰和(he)后頸(jing),多(duo)為(wei)褐(he)色(se)。

“老頭樂(le)”是(shi)老年人冬季愛(ai)戴的一種(zhong)帽子,也(ye)叫(jiao)“擼頭帽”或“滿頭擼”。帽子為圓筒形,卷上去是(shi)一軟胎絨線帽;擼下來,則(ze)臉(lian)和后(hou)頸全(quan)可遮掩(yan),僅露出(chu)雙眼,由于寒效果(guo)甚(shen)佳(jia),青年人也(ye)多戴用(yong)。

為(wei)防嚴(yan)寒,男子出(chu)門(men)多(duo)戴(dai)“耳(er)(er)捂”。耳(er)(er)捂是用藍黑綢布作(zuo)面料(liao),里絮(xu)棉花,邊(bian)緣縫上兔毛,中(zhong)系(xi)一繩,掛兩耳(er)(er)上。也有(you)人叫(jiao)其為(wei)“耳(er)(er)套”。

20年代(dai)起,禮(li)帽在民間流行,多與(yu)長(chang)衫配合穿(chuan)用(yong)。

葦笠為農民和市販(fan)勞動者夏季戴用,呈六角形,由葦篾或高(gao)梁千篾編(bian)(bian)制而成,布帶系(xi)頦下,用以(yi)遮(zhe)陽和避雨。城鎮男人(ren)夏季則多戴草辮編(bian)(bian)的形同禮(li)帽的草帽或圓頂草帽。

中青年婦女(nv)多不戴帽(mao),有的老(lao)年婦女(nv)戴一種叫頭箍(gu)(gu)的“箍(gu)(gu)帽(mao)”,是(shi)用兩片約6厘米(mi)寬(kuan)的絨布(bu)做好后,用兩根(gen)小帶箍(gu)(gu)在頭上。另一種是(shi)用黑色平絨做成的軟帽(mao),帽(mao)前飾以綠色琉璃“帽(mao)珠(zhu)”,叫“老(lao)婆帽(mao)子”。

“虎頭帽”是7歲以下小孩戴(dai)的(de)風帽,前短(duan)后長,帽頂的(de)兩旁縫一撮白色兔毛,正中繡一“王”字。嶗(lao)山民間認為,山中野獸很(hen)多,易傷孩子,虎為獸中王,戴(dai)虎帽可消(xiao)災避難(nan)。

建國后,“干部(bu)帽”流行(xing),“鴨舌(she)帽”卻受人冷落,原因是在戲(xi)劇(ju)電影(ying)以至民間秧歌(ge)中,扮(ban)演特務者都戴這種(zhong)帽子,所(suo)以人們(men)都叫它(ta)“特務帽”。

軍帽在“文革”初期(qi)特別(bie)受人喜愛,一些青年人以戴上一頂綠色軍帽而感榮(rong)耀。

進入(ru)80年(nian)代,隨(sui)著人們審美(mei)意(yi)識的(de)增強,帽(mao)子(zi)除實用功(gong)能(neng)外,其裝飾美(mei)化生活的(de)功(gong)能(neng)日顯突(tu)出,不同(tong)樣式、不同(tong)色調的(de)單帽(mao)、棉帽(mao)、草帽(mao)等,爭奇斗艷(yan),使服飾文(wen)化更加豐富多(duo)彩。

發型(xing) 辛亥革(ge)命后,男(nan)子剪去(qu)長辮子,鄉間(jian)人多(duo)剃光頭(tou)(tou),俗(su)稱“和尚頭(tou)(tou)”。城鎮人多(duo)蓄發,發式(shi)有平頭(tou)(tou)、分(fen)頭(tou)(tou)兩種,分(fen)頭(tou)(tou)又有正(zheng)分(fen)、偏分(fen)、背頭(tou)(tou)等樣式(shi)。

女(nv)子(zi)發型是(shi)幼(you)年(nian)扎(zha)“髻(ji)”,即在頭部綰(wan)(wan)雙髻(ji)。長大(da)未婚時梳一(yi)長辮,辮稍扎(zha)頭繩(sheng),垂背后。結婚后綰(wan)(wan)一(yi)圓(yuan)髻(ji),套發網,盤腦后,稱“綰(wan)(wan)纂(zuan)”。年(nian)老頭發稀疏,纂(zuan)小,稱“鬏(jiu)鬏(jiu)”。

男童發型,有的在前(qian)額(e)留片(pian)發,其余頭發全部推(tui)光,叫(jiao)“瓦瓦檐檐”。

40年代,中青(qing)年婦女多剪短發(fa),俗稱(cheng)“披毛(mao)”。一(yi)種額前(qian)頭發(fa)隆起(qi)的(de)叫做“飛機頭”的(de)發(fa)型(xing)曾在即墨、嶗山(shan)一(yi)帶已婚婦女中盛行一(yi)時(shi)。

解放初期,興梳雙辮,有人認為辮子越長越美(mei),最長者(zhe)幾可垂地(di)。

70年(nian)代,留短(duan)發者(zhe)增多,有的在頭兩側各(ge)梳(shu)一(yi)短(duan)辮,叫“扎兩把刷子”。在腦后將頭發攏起(qi),群眾戲稱“鴉鵲尾巴(ba)”。

80年代,流行燙發,初傳到農村(cun)時,農婦們曾謔稱為“鴉鵲窩”,如今燙發者(zhe)很普(pu)遍,發式越來越多樣(yang)化(hua)了(le)。

上(shang)(shang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)、下衣(yi)(yi)(yi) 清代(dai),豪門富家男子穿長(chang)袍馬褂(gua)。馬褂(gua)是一(yi)個半身小罩褂(gua),馬蹄袖,穿時袖口白野子翻出。女子穿右(you)襟(jin)上(shang)(shang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi),下系長(chang)裙(qun)或肥褲(ku)。一(yi)般人(ren)家,男女都穿粗布短衣(yi)(yi)(yi),俗(su)稱“更衣(yi)(yi)(yi)”,上(shang)(shang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)分單(dan)衫(亦叫“小褂(gua)”)、夾襖、棉襖3類。男上(shang)(shang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)對襟(jin),下端左(zuo)右(you)兩邊有(you)兩個長(chang)方(fang)兜,一(yi)排布制扣子,稱“子母扣”。女上(shang)(shang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)都逞大襟(jin),大襟(jin)從(cong)左(zuo)到右(you)可把全胸裹(guo)住(zhu)。老年人(ren)還喜歡用約10厘米寬的布帶(dai)(dai)扎腿(tui),布帶(dai)(dai)稱“腿(tui)帶(dai)(dai)”,多為(wei)黑(hei)色。

20年(nian)代后,馬褂(gua)漸(jian)被淘汰,但長(chang)袍(pao)、長(chang)衫(亦稱“大褂(gua)”)仍很流行,是知識分子、商人(ren)、鄉紳們(men)的(de)(de)常用服裝。戴禮帽、穿長(chang)衫是會親放友和禮節(jie)交往中的(de)(de)最(zui)好穿戴。直到50年(nian)代長(chang)衫才逐(zhu)漸(jian)淘汰,如今,說(shuo)唱(chang)藝人(ren)在舞(wu)臺上也很少穿用了。

旗袍也(ye)從20年代(dai)起廣為流行。40年代(dai),一種仁丹士林(lin)布的藍色旗袍很受青(qing)年學生青(qing)睞。

50年(nian)代,男子(zi)穿(chuan)(chuan)中山(shan)服和(he)(he)學生服的居多(duo)(duo)。冬(dong)季穿(chuan)(chuan)棉大衣或呢子(zi)大衣(鄉(xiang)間人習慣稱呢子(zi)大衣為(wei)“大氅”),夏季興穿(chuan)(chuan)制服短(duan)褲。女子(zi)多(duo)(duo)穿(chuan)(chuan)列寧服和(he)(he)連衣裙,但流行時間不長,冬(dong)季穿(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)種(zhong)帽子(zi)和(he)(he)上衣連在一(yi)起的短(duan)大衣,有棉、皮(pi)兩種(zhong),分別(bie)叫“棉猴”和(he)(he)“皮(pi)猴”。農民仍多(duo)(duo)著(zhu)(zhu)便(bian)衣褲褂,布(bu)料有所改善,土布(bu)漸汰(tai)淘(tao)汰(tai),燈芯絨(rong)布(bu)普(pu)遍。春秋衫針織品穿(chuan)(chuan)著(zhu)(zhu)也很廣泛。

60年代到70年代,化纖、化棉混紡(fang)布(bu)暢,補丁(ding)衣服基(ji)本(ben)絕跡(ji)。80年代,男(nan)女(nv)穿西服的增多(duo),各類衣服顏色也由灰(hui)、黃、藍變(bian)為五(wu)顏六色。

90年代,服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)樣(yang)式更趨多樣(yang)化,人(ren)們(men)追求(qiu)款式、追求(qiu)新潮。西服(fu)(fu)(fu)、夾克(ke)服(fu)(fu)(fu)、太空服(fu)(fu)(fu)、T恤衫、獵裝(zhuang)、裘皮服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)等絢(xuan)多彩。老年人(ren)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)也重視款式,追求(qiu)鮮(xian)艷色(se)調。

除(chu)常(chang)用(yong)服裝(zhuang)外,民(min)間尚有一些服飾為不同年齡的人專用(yong)。

“緊(jin)(jin)身”,一(yi)種紅色內衣,布扣密密麻麻,穿時(shi)緊(jin)(jin)貼上身,為青年女子(zi)婚前必備,婚后也(ye)要穿一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)。

“肚兜(dou)”,也是青年(nian)婦(fu)女(nv)的一種內衣(yi),正方形(xing),上部成淺半(ban)圓(yuan),下(xia)角圓(yuan)形(xing),設布帶系腰圍(wei)間,兜(dou)面多(duo)繡石榴、壽桃等(deng)吉祥圖案。兒童也在夏季穿(chuan)戴(dai)。

“*褲(ku)”,也叫“套(tao)褲(ku)”,是老年人穿的(de)一種(zhong)開(kai)襠棉褲(ku)。臀(tun)部(bu)及大腿后上部(bu)裸露,穿時套(tao)在單(dan)褲(ku)外。

“百家(jia)衣(yi)”,亦稱“百納衣(yi)”,由百十戶人家(jia)討來(lai)的(de)各色(se)花布(bu)做成,為兒(er)童穿(chuan)用,舊(jiu)俗認為穿(chuan)“百家(jia)衣(yi)”的(de)孩童好(hao)養(yang)活。

鞋(xie)、襪 布(bu)鞋(xie)在青(qing)島民間已流(liu)行100余年(nian),因穿著舒適輕便,至(zhi)今(jin)仍受到人(ren)們特(te)別是(shi)老年(nian)人(ren)的(de)喜愛。布(bu)鞋(xie)一般為(wei)圓(yuan)頭、圓(yuan)口、布(bu)幫、布(bu)底(di),做時(shi)要經過搓麻繩(sheng)、納鞋(xie)底(di)、做鞋(xie)幫、绱(shang)鞋(xie)等多道工序。舊時(shi),新(xin)媳(xi)婦過門(men)前要給(gei)婆家每一個人(ren)做一雙(shuang)新(xin)鞋(xie),婆家以針線活的(de)好壞,評說媳(xi)婦的(de)巧(qiao)拙。如今(jin),機制商品鞋(xie)到處(chu)都有,已很少(shao)有人(ren)自己做鞋(xie)穿了。

30年代到(dao)40年代,繡(xiu)(xiu)花(hua)(hua)鞋(xie)在農婦(fu)中曾廣為流行。繡(xiu)(xiu)花(hua)(hua)鞋(xie)亦布底(di)、布幫、圓口(kou),只是(shi)在鞋(xie)頭、鞋(xie)幫處用絲(si)線繡(xiu)(xiu)上梅花(hua)(hua)、蘭花(hua)(hua)、荷花(hua)(hua)、菊花(hua)(hua)等花(hua)(hua)樣,新婚(hun)婦(fu)女必(bi)穿。

過去還有幾種民間自制的(de)、實用而不(bu)美觀的(de)靴鞋受到(dao)農民的(de)歡迎(ying)。

豬皮靴(xue)(xue)(俗(su)名“豬皮綁”),是用(yong)整塊豬皮縫(feng)制(zhi)的,內裝(zhuang)牛、羊毛,既御寒,又防滑(hua)。據傳(chuan)(chuan)此(ci)靴(xue)(xue)源于戰國(guo)時期(qi),齊國(guo)軍師孫臏為(wei)保護被(bei)削去(qu)髕骨的傷腿,用(yong)獸(shou)皮制(zhi)成有(you)史以(yi)來第一雙過膝皮靴(xue)(xue),供作(zuo)戰時穿用(yong),齊人(ren)盡效仿,流傳(chuan)(chuan)下來。

熬(ao)皮綁(bang),是用(yong)輪胎外帶作鞋底、簾子布作鞋面制成的。因(yin)結實(shi)耐穿(chuan)、價格低廉(lian),嶗(lao)山、即(ji)墨等山區農民多穿(chuan)用(yong)。

夫子履(lv),是在(zai)鞋前用較(jiao)硬(ying)皮革做成(cheng)單(dan)條(tiao)或(huo)雙(shuang)(shuang)條(tiao)凸筋,分別叫“單(dan)梁夫子履(lv)”和“雙(shuang)(shuang)梁夫子履(lv)”。因其形(xing)如抓勾,所以又(you)叫“抓勾鞋”。鞋的(de)前頭堅(jian)硬(ying)結實(shi),踢(ti)到(dao)硬(ying)物時(shi)可保護腳(jiao)趾,平度一帶山民穿用者較(jiao)多(duo)。

另有虎頭(tou)鞋(xie),為孩童穿用(yong),與虎頭(tou)帽用(yong)意相同,意在消災。

如(ru)今,農民(min)平時(shi)勞動多(duo)穿(chuan)膠鞋(xie),節日(ri)和會親訪友時(shi)穿(chuan)皮(pi)鞋(xie)。在城鎮,皮(pi)鞋(xie)、皮(pi)靴(xue)、旅游鞋(xie)都很流行,款式(shi)繁多(duo)。

襪子,從前農民穿(chuan)布(bu)(bu)襪,多用手搖(yao)紡車(che)織的(de)“小土布(bu)(bu)”做(zuo)成,耐穿(chuan),但粗糙厚重(zhong)。后來,機(ji)制線襪傳入(ru),因穿(chuan)著(zhu)舒適,很快流行(xing)開來。線襪不結實,易破(po),破(po)時用碎(sui)布(bu)(bu)補(bu)綴。如今,人們普遍穿(chuan)尼龍襪,但精制線襪也(ye)很時興。

首飾、佩(pei)戴(dai) 舊時,婦女的飾物佩(pei)戴(dai)有(you)耳墜(zhui)(zhui)、頭(tou)簪、手鐲(zhuo)、項鎖、戒指等多種。耳墜(zhui)(zhui)俗(su)稱“墜(zhui)(zhui)子”,平時佩(pei)戴(dai)是一對圓圈形的小耳環,也(ye)叫“圈兒”,節日和(he)禮儀往來則戴(dai)長墜(zhui)(zhui)。有(you)的男

手鐲在(zai)民(min)間也很流行(xing),成年人戴(dai)的(de)(de)為平板式,飾(shi)有花紋。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩戴(dai)的(de)(de)為圓形,對(dui)接處有兩個小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)圓豆,以避(bi)免損傷皮肉。有的(de)(de)在(zai)手鐲上系一對(dui)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鈴鐺,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩搖動(dong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)手,嘩嘩作響,饒有情趣。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩還(huan)戴(dai)鎖,是鎖住小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩好養的(de)(de)意思。百家鎖(也叫“長命(ming)鎖”)是小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩過百日(ri)時的(de)(de)必戴(dai)飾(shi)物。

舊(jiu)時,除富戶、官宦人(ren)家(jia)(jia)有金(jin)(jin)(jin)鐲(zhuo)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)墜(zhui)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)戒指外(wai),一(yi)般人(ren)家(jia)(jia)的飾物都(dou)是銀制的。近幾年,戴(dai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)戒指、金(jin)(jin)(jin)耳環(huan)很普(pu)遍,金(jin)(jin)(jin)項(xiang)鏈(lian)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)手鏈(lian)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)腳鏈(lian)也已進入尋常百姓家(jia)(jia)。

在服飾民俗中,服飾的顏色、樣式(shi)、制作方法都有許多禁(jin)忌(ji)。如(ru)子(zi)女在服孝期間不能(neng)穿紅、黃(huang)、綠等鮮艷色彩服裝,只能(neng)穿白(bai)、灰、黑等素色;婚(hun)嫁、生育、過年(nian)等喜慶(qing)日(ri)子(zi)則忌(ji)穿白(bai)、有的禁(jin)忌(ji)與諧(xie)音(yin)有關,如(ru)做壽衣忌(ji)用緞子(zi),“緞”與“斷(duan)”同音(yin),恐斷(duan)子(zi)絕孫。

黑素色,結婚(hun)時(shi)甚(shen)至新(xin)郎穿的(de)(de)襯衣(yi)也不用白布;衣(yi)服(fu)的(de)(de)下擺忌有(you)毛邊(bian),帶毛邊(bian)的(de)(de)是喪服(fu),穿了不吉利。

在民間(jian),許多習俗中都(dou)認為雙數(shu)吉利,衣服扣(kou)子卻喜單忌雙,說是(shi)“四六(liu)不成(cheng)才”,雙數(shu)會影響(xiang)穿衣人事(shi)業的成(cheng)功。

衣服破了或掉了扣子,忌穿(chuan)在(zai)(zai)身上縫(feng)補(bu)。如果必須(xu)在(zai)(zai)身上補(bu),被縫(feng)者口中(zhong)要銜(xian)一根(gen)草(cao),說這樣針不扎人(ren)。

男(nan)人(ren)還忌從晾曬的女人(ren)褲下走過,說這會妨礙(ai)男(nan)人(ren)運(yun)氣,實際上(shang)是輕(qing)視婦女的一(yi)種表現。

孩子(zi)只在(zai)左耳(er)朵上(shang)戴一只小(xiao)墜子(zi),說是(shi)“曳”著好(hao)養活(huo)。

結(jie)婚(hun)后的婦女帶簪(zan),梳頭時插(cha)在纂上。簪(zan)一(yi)般為(wei)平板式,上部微(wei)彎,下部尖細。另有(you)一(yi)種針形簪(zan)子,簪(zan)頭鑲有(you)珠(zhu)(zhu)子或珠(zhu)(zhu)花(hua)。

飲食民俗

青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)俗(su)屬(shu)于我(wo)國北方類型(xing),受京津一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)影響很(hen)(hen)(hen)深。人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),雜以(yi)(yi)(yi)谷子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)梁(liang)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)類(黃(huang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、豇豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、紅(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou))、黍(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)五(wu)谷雜糧.副食(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)蔬菜(cai)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),肉類、蛋類過(guo)(guo)(guo)去是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尋(xun)(xun)常(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)辦喜事(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)待客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍品(pin)(pin)。 城(cheng)市和(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)村都(dou)通行一(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)三餐(can),早晚稱“朝飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,午飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱“晌(shang)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,晚飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱“夜飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。農(nong)村在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬閑時則(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)兩餐(can),稱“吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)兩頓飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。過(guo)(guo)(guo)去,農(nong)村朝飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或(huo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)梁(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),配以(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)梁(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)統(tong)稱“粘(zhan)粥”,也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)“糊涂”。晌(shang)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時摻(chan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)豇豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)或(huo)綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)。夜飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao))。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)安(an)排叫(jiao)(jiao)“兩稀(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)”。如(ru)(ru)今(jin)農(nong)村飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)變化較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da),大(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)白(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)尋(xun)(xun)常(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)常(chang)便飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),魚(yu)(yu)(yu)肉習(xi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)常(chang),玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)已很(hen)(hen)(hen)少食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),農(nong)閑時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“兩頓飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”也(ye)多(duo)(duo)(duo)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)三餐(can),然而早飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)稀(xi)粥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣無論城(cheng)市還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)村都(dou)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)改(gai)變。下面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)具體(ti)介紹幾(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“美(mei)(mei)(mei)食(shi)(shi)”。玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi):這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)去青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),人(ren)(ren)(ren)們習(xi)慣叫(jiao)(jiao)“苞米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)帶(dai)頭同(tong)加(jia)水(shui)放(fang)入鍋(guo)內(nei)做成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)烀餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)菜(cai)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。菜(cai)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)加(jia)野(ye)菜(cai)或(huo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)菜(cai)葉(xie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)蒸(zheng)(zheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們度荒年(nian)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)食(shi)(shi),現已無人(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。另外還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少許白(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))做成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“發糕(gao)”,則(ze)屬(shu)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin),多(duo)(duo)(duo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)節(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)中食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)咸(xian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)沿海漁民中最常(chang)見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。咸(xian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)中以(yi)(yi)(yi)咸(xian)鲅魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、咸(xian)刀(dao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(帶(dai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu))和(he)(he)(he)(he)咸(xian)白(bai)鱗為(wei)(wei)最佳,蝦(xia)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)則(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蝦(xia)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、蟹醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)蝦(xia)頭醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對蝦(xia)頭磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)。山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)喜歡大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)蘸(zhan)大(da)(da)(da)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),大(da)(da)(da)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)家(jia)(jia)自己制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)),其(qi)中用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃(huang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)發酵做成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)豉,摻(chan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)蘿卜(bu)丁、胡蘿卜(bu)丁、白(bai)菜(cai)絲(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)(deng),吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)鮮美(mei)(mei)(mei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)品(pin)(pin),特(te)(te)別受人(ren)(ren)(ren)們喜愛。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua):學名(ming)甘(gan)薯,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區,特(te)(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即(ji)墨、萊(lai)西、嶗山(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)食(shi)(shi)。由(you)(you)于地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)產(chan)量高(gao)(gao)(gao),莖葉(xie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)喂牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)飼料,又適于山(shan)嶺薄(bo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)山(shan)區廣(guang)泛(fan)栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 鮮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)怕(pa)凍,不好(hao)儲藏(zang)。萊(lai)西等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)冬天(tian)多(duo)(duo)(duo)把(ba)(ba)(ba)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)屋內(nei)頂棚(peng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang);即(ji)墨、嶗山(shan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)則(ze)多(duo)(duo)(duo)堆積在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)火(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炕頭,或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)屋內(nei)挖地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)窖存(cun)放(fang)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般可(ke)(ke)(ke)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)到(dao)來(lai)(lai)(lai)年(nian)春(chun),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)半(ban)年(nian)糧”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣,除(chu)鮮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)煮(zhu)食(shi)(shi)或(huo)擦絲(si)(si)煮(zhu)粥外,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)切片(pian)(pian)(pian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)擦絲(si)(si)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan),分(fen)別叫(jiao)(jiao)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)”、“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)”。將(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)碾碎(sui)磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),即(ji)為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)(lai)(lai)做成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)包”,不太好(hao)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)“別拿著豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)包不當干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)糧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俗(su)語,意(yi)思(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別瞧不起(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)只(zhi)(zhi)能煮(zhu)著吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),由(you)(you)于吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)不可(ke)(ke)(ke)口,如(ru)(ru)今(jin)很(hen)(hen)(hen)少有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),只(zhi)(zhi)能做飼料了(le)(le)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)單獨和(he)(he)(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)烙餅(bing)(bing)或(huo)烀餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),還(huan)(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)與其(qi)他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉混(hun)(hun)合(he)包餃(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、搟(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)或(huo)做其(qi)他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些做法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)很(hen)(hen)(hen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特(te)(te)色,如(ru)(ru)采一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)“筋骨(gu)草(cao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)菜(cai)或(huo)榆(yu)樹皮,搗(dao)碎(sui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混(hun)(hun)合(he),搟(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao),放(fang)鍋(guo)內(nei)箅(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)蒸(zheng)(zheng),鍋(guo)底煮(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)菜(cai)鹵,熟(shu)(shu)(shu)悉(xi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)將(jiang)菜(cai)鹵澆(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)菜(cai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)鍋(guo)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 做法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),人(ren)(ren)(ren)們給起(qi)(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)個(ge)很(hen)(hen)(hen)形(xing)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字,叫(jiao)(jiao)“二起(qi)(qi)(qi)樓”。還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)“金(jin)銀卷(juan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)分(fen)3層(ceng)卷(juan)起(qi)(qi)(qi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)蒸(zheng)(zheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。金(jin)銀卷(juan)黃(huang)、白(bai)、黑三色相間(jian),吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)香(xiang)里透甜,這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)做法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區也(ye)很(hen)(hen)(hen)盛行。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)做法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)花(hua)樣。如(ru)(ru)今(jin),人(ren)(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)活水(shui)平提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)(le),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)食(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代(dai)已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)歷(li)史,但“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)”仍深受人(ren)(ren)(ren)們喜愛。烤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)、炸地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片(pian)(pian)(pian)還(huan)(huan)擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)批(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛好(hao)者。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)(萊(lai)西叫(jiao)(jiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)陰干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan))是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬天(tian)把(ba)(ba)(ba)煮(zhu)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切片(pian)(pian)(pian)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)密封于缸、壇內(nei),到(dao)春(chun)天(tian)取出(chu)(chu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)白(bai)醭,味(wei)道甚(shen)佳。炸地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片(pian)(pian)(pian)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)(ba)(ba)鮮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薄(bo)片(pian)(pian)(pian),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)食(shi)(shi)油炸熟(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),撒上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)砂糖,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)香(xiang)脆可(ke)(ke)(ke)口。如(ru)(ru)今(jin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)、炸地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 片(pian)(pian)(pian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)攤和(he)(he)(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)店里多(duo)(duo)(duo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出(chu)(chu)售。米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區不產(chan)大(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),過(guo)(guo)(guo)去,大(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)錢(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐(can)桌(zhuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方能見(jian)(jian)到(dao),尋(xun)(xun)常(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。即(ji)墨等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)把(ba)(ba)(ba)做干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)做“撈(lao)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,作(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)(ba)(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)加(jia)水(shui)煮(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)半(ban)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),把(ba)(ba)(ba)湯(tang)濾出(chu)(chu)再(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)蒸(zheng)(zheng),濾出(chu)(chu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)汁(zhi)叫(jiao)(jiao)“飲(yin)湯(tang)”,這(zhe)樣,飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)做好(hao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)全(quan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)既省柴草(cao)又省工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),世代(dai)相傳(chuan),直(zhi)到(dao)如(ru)(ru)今(jin)。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)里如(ru)(ru)加(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)紅(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),或(huo)綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),則(ze)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)更香(xiang),味(wei)道也(ye)各不相同(tong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時人(ren)(ren)(ren)們還(huan)(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)胡米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(高(gao)(gao)(gao)粱米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))或(huo)慘子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。慘子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皮厚產(chan)量低,做出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)味(wei)道不佳,如(ru)(ru)今(jin)已無人(ren)(ren)(ren)栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黍(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)“大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,多(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)它包上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮蒸(zheng)(zheng)糕(gao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)節(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):農(nong)家(jia)(jia)常(chang)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、胡休(xiu)(xiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)渣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、胡休(xiu)(xiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)熬成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)營養豐(feng)富,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)婦(fu)女(nv)“坐月子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”和(he)(he)(he)(he)伺(si)候老人(ren)(ren)(ren)、病人(ren)(ren)(ren)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳品(pin)(pin)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少許玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)摻(chan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)野(ye)菜(cai)、再(zai)加(jia)點(dian)鹽做成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)“菜(cai)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)度荒年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。餑(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo):也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)“饅頭”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)逢年(nian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)節(jie)、祭祖供(gong)神(shen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)親友之(zhi)間(jian)禮儀往來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),花(hua)樣繁多(duo)(duo)(duo)。 棗(zao)餑(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)餑(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)頂端做上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)5個(ge)棗(zao)鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),嵌上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)紅(hong)棗(zao)蒸(zheng)(zheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu),作(zuo)(zuo)供(gong)品(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);磕餑(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)模(俗(su)稱“餑(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)磕子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”)磕出(chu)(chu)蓮蓬、魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、桃、蟬、獅、猴(hou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)贈送(song)(song)親友和(he)(he)(he)(he)節(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)期間(jian)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)重要節(jie)慶日(ri)(ri)(ri),如(ru)(ru)祭海,漁婦(fu)們還(huan)(huan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)餑(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)做上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)、蟹、貝、花(hua)卉或(huo)雞、燕等(deng)(deng)(deng)動植(zhi)物(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)塑,形(xing)象逼真,造(zao)型(xing)美(mei)(mei)(mei)觀,使人(ren)(ren)(ren)樂于觀賞,不忍心(xin)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)掉。面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao):青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)習(xi)慣叫(jiao)(jiao)“面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)”,由(you)(you)農(nong)婦(fu)們和(he)(he)(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)搟(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)杖搟(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),按形(xing)狀分(fen),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)寬(kuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)、棋子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)塊面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀(dao)切成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)菱(ling)角型(xing))和(he)(he)(he)(he)細面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)等(deng)(deng)(deng),寬(kuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)“寬(kuan)心(xin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結婚時新郎(lang)新娘必吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)婚禮中仍很(hen)(hen)(hen)流行。按糧食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)類分(fen),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)白(bai)百(bai)湯(tang)、豌豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)、雜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)由(you)(you)白(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混(hun)(hun)合(he)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))、“三條(tiao)腿面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)”(由(you)(you)白(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混(hun)(hun)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)褂成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang),片(pian)(pian)(pian)薄(bo)光滑,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)非(fei)常(chang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)口。餃(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi):在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)農(nong)村叫(jiao)(jiao)“滑扎”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)最愛吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。過(guo)(guo)(guo)去,老百(bai)姓家(jia)(jia)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過(guo)(guo)(guo)節(jie)或(huo)招待客(ke)人(ren)(ren)(ren)時才包餃(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。常(chang)見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)白(bai)菜(cai)豬(zhu)肉餡、蘿卜(bu)絲(si)(si)蝦(xia)皮餡、韭菜(cai)餡等(deng)(deng)(deng)餃(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。沿海一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)餃(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特(te)(te)色,其(qi)中以(yi)(yi)(yi)鲅魚(yu)(yu)(yu)餃(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)最佳。青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)市區至今(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)谷雨前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)鲅魚(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市 時,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)向老人(ren)(ren)(ren)送(song)(song)鲅魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、讓父(fu)母嘗鮮鲅魚(yu)(yu)(yu)餃(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗(su)。 近年(nian)來(lai)(lai)(lai),還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)野(ye)菜(cai)(薺菜(cai))餡餃(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)得青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)青(qing)(qing)(qing)睞(lai),春(chun)季(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些大(da)(da)(da)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)店的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐(can)桌(zhuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)常(chang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)到(dao)。

居住民俗

居(ju)住(zhu)(又稱“住(zhu)所(suo))是(shi)人類抵御風寒(han)和休息繁衍的場所(suo),是(shi)人們賴(lai)以生存的重(zhong)要(yao)條件之一。受(shou)生活的地(di)域、環境(jing)條件等影響,我(wo)國(guo)各地(di)居(ju)住(zhu)類型、房(fang)屋樣(yang)式都有所(suo)不同,居(ju)住(zhu)風俗(su)也多(duo)種多(duo)樣(yang)。

青島(dao)地(di)區農村房(fang)屋(wu)結(jie)構(gou)與我國北方地(di)區的房(fang)屋(wu)結(jie)構(gou)相似,建房(fang)多取向陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡,講究向陽背陰、依山(shan)(shan)(shan)靠水。房(fang)屋(wu)為土木(mu)磚(zhuan)石結(jie)構(gou),一列(lie)3至5間,與左鄰(lin)右(you)舍接山(shan)(shan)(shan)連墻,屋(wu)頂為“人”字型(亦稱“雙流水型”)。建有正屋(wu)、東西(xi)廂屋(wu)或倒屋(wu),各家自成院落。以(yi)三合院居多。

村(cun)莊大(da)小不一,少者幾戶,大(da)的(de)數百戶,近年又出(chu)現(xian)了不少千戶大(da)村(cun)。

1897年(nian)后,德國,日(ri)本先后侵占(zhan)青島。隨著港(gang)口和市(shi)政的(de)建設(she),大批(pi)農民涌入(ru)市(shi)區,當時西鎮(zhen)一帶建起了10個(ge)平(ping)民院,臺東鎮(zhen)的(de)南山、仲家(jia)洼等處也陸續(xu)出現了一些棚戶區。這些院區建房(fang)無(wu)規劃,房(fang)屋低矮陰暗,環境惡劣,除“人”字型屋頂外,還出現了許多一面(mian)坡房(fang)屋,人們習慣叫“道士(shi)帽”。由(you)于居住環境、條(tiao)件的(de)改變(bian),一些千(qian)百年(nian)來(lai)傳承(cheng)下來(lai)的(de)居住民俗(su)也就無(wu)法延續(xu)下來(lai)。

80年代起,政府推行舊城改(gai)造工程,90年代又實行安居工程。現在,平民院和棚戶區已相(xiang)細建成居民小區,樓(lou)群林立(li),環境(jing)優美,人們居住條(tiao)件大為改(gai)善(shan)。

在此(ci)期間,青島地區(qu)農村的老式住房也多為美(mei)觀的住宅(zhai)樓代替。居住由單(dan)純(chun)實用型向注重(zhong)審美(mei)型發展。一些現(xian)代建(jian)筑材(cai)料被廣泛采(cai)用,不少(shao)村莊也出現(xian)了樓群。

村(cun)莊(zhuang) 青島農村(cun)除極(ji)少(shao)數住“山庵”的看山人外,多(duo)聚集一起居住,因而構成大小不同的建筑(zhu)群(qun),稱作“村(cun)”、“莊(zhuang)”、“仝”或“屯”。

村(cun)里的(de)道路,大的(de)叫“街(jie)”,多為(wei)東西向,稱前街(jie)、后街(jie)。大的(de)村(cun)莊街(jie)多,則冠姓氏為(wei)街(jie)名,如張家(jia)街(jie)、王家(jia)街(jie)。

小(xiao)的(de)(de)道路(lu)稱(cheng)“胡同(tong)”,多以姓氏、堂(tang)號、村中名(ming)(ming)人或樹(shu)木為名(ming)(ming),如宋家胡同(tong)、福(fu)來(lai)胡同(tong)、解元胡同(tong)、老槐樹(shu)胡同(tong)等;很(hen)狹(xia)窄的(de)(de)小(xiao)路(lu)稱(cheng)“夾(jia)道”;閑(xian)散人經常(chang)聚集(ji)閑(xian)談的(de)(de)地方稱(cheng)“懶漢(han)子(zi)窩”、“老頭窩”。

有(you)些村名(ming)(ming)(ming)很(hen)有(you)特色(se),也很(hen)有(you)趣,如(ru)萊西張(zhang)哥莊是(shi)因(yin)(yin)為有(you)一個姓張(zhang)的漢子在這(zhe)里安家(jia)(jia)落戶而(er)得名(ming)(ming)(ming)。此人(ren)豪(hao)爽,樂(le)于(yu)助人(ren),附近人(ren)尊稱(cheng)為張(zhang)哥,村名(ming)(ming)(ming)也就(jiu)成了張(zhang)哥莊。因(yin)(yin)“哥”、“格”“戈(ge)”同音,以(yi)后就(jiu)出現(xian)了像周戈(ge)莊、夏格莊等村名(ming)(ming)(ming)。這(zhe)種以(yi)姓氏為名(ming)(ming)(ming)的村莊非常多(duo),有(you)的直接(jie)叫(jiao)“岳家(jia)(jia)”、“趙家(jia)(jia)”,有(you)的則加“屯”、“溝”、“店(dian)”等字,叫(jiao)“梁家(jia)(jia)仝(tong)”、“于(yu)家(jia)(jia)屯”、“王家(jia)(jia)溝”、“徐家(jia)(jia)店(dian)”等。

有的村是(shi)(shi)以建村人(ren)(ren)的特征而得(de)名。萊西有個李(li)(li)胡(hu)(hu)子莊(zhuang),是(shi)(shi)因為清(qing)嘉慶年(nian)間,一個叫李(li)(li)克用(yong)的人(ren)(ren)此建村,他胡(hu)(hu)子很長(chang),人(ren)(ren)稱“李(li)(li)胡(hu)(hu)子”,日(ri)久,這村就叫做“李(li)(li)胡(hu)(hu)子莊(zhuang)”。后(hou)來(lai),有人(ren)(ren)感(gan)到(dao)此名不雅(ya),民國初年(nian)該村名就演化成今天的“李(li)(li)虎(hu)莊(zhuang)”。

也(ye)有的(de)以(yi)建村(cun)(cun)人的(de)職業為村(cun)(cun)名。嶗(lao)山有個皂(zao)戶(hu)村(cun)(cun),因為明永樂年(nian)間有幾家用灶(zao)具(ju)燒鹽戶(hu)來(lai)此定居(ju),宋代稱鹽戶(hu)為“皂(zao)戶(hu)”,這個村(cun)(cun)也(ye)就叫做“皂(zao)戶(hu)村(cun)(cun)”。

有不少(shao)村(cun)(cun)莊是以(yi)神(shen)話傳(chuan)說中的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱命名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)。嶗山(shan)有個(ge)(ge)女(nv)姑(gu)山(shan)村(cun)(cun),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)村(cun)(cun)南有個(ge)(ge)“老(lao)姑(gu)庵”廟(miao),廟(miao)內的(de)(de)(de)主神(shen)人(ren)(ren)稱“女(nv)姑(gu)”,傳(chuan)說是《封(feng)神(shen)榜》中趙公(gong)明元帥的(de)(de)(de)妹妹,人(ren)(ren)們(men)就把(ba)村(cun)(cun)名(ming)定為(wei)(wei)“女(nv)姑(gu)山(shan)”。登瀛村(cun)(cun)是傳(chuan)說秦人(ren)(ren)徐福為(wei)(wei)取長生不老(lao)藥,由此登程去仙島瀛洲而得名(ming)。嶗山(shan)石(shi)老(lao)人(ren)(ren)村(cun)(cun)村(cun)(cun)名(ming),不但(dan)源于一(yi)個(ge)(ge)優(you)美的(de)(de)(de)神(shen)話故事,還因(yin)為(wei)(wei)村(cun)(cun)前海邊(bian)有一(yi)塊狀似(si)老(lao)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)巨石(shi)。

有(you)(you)的(de)(de)村(cun)莊(zhuang)以(yi)(yi)舊時駐軍軍屯(tun)或(huo)官屯(tun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)名,如(ru)鰲山衛、雄崖所、營(ying)上(shang)、黃(huang)官屯(tun)等;有(you)(you)的(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)寺廟、古(gu)家為(wei)(wei)(wei)名,像廟頭、家子頭、廟東、石佛院等;有(you)(you)的(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)地理環境(jing)取村(cun)名,如(ru)簸箕(ji)嶺,因其地形像簸箕(ji)而(er)得名;還有(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)建村(cun)時當地的(de)(de)村(cun)木(mu)花草為(wei)(wei)(wei)名,如(ru)桃林、棗園、柳樹(shu)屯(tun)、榛子溝等。

1979年,青(qing)島開始(shi)地名普查,對(dui)重復(fu)的(de)和不雅的(de)村(cun)名進(jin)行(xing)了調整。村(cun)名和村(cun)名用字都達到(dao)了標準化(hua)(hua)、規范化(hua)(hua)。

院(yuan)落 青島民間(jian)居住大都各(ge)自成院(yuan),俗稱(cheng)“天井”、“院(yuan)子”。

過去,許多人家都喜(xi)(xi)歡(huan)設(she)(she)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)兩院(yuan)。前(qian)院(yuan)面積大,是(shi)一家人平日活動的主要場地,院(yuan)里建豬圈(quan)、而所,喜(xi)(xi)栽石榴(liu)、月(yue)季等花卉樹木。后(hou)(hou)院(yuan)很小(xiao),用(yong)處(chu)不大,只是(shi)為(wei)了擋住后(hou)(hou)窗(chuang),認為(wei)后(hou)(hou)窗(chuang)臨街(jie)“不成住處(chu)”。如今,隨著人們觀念的轉變(bian),加(jia)上土地的寶貴,已很少有人設(she)(she)后(hou)(hou)院(yuan)了。

院(yuan)(yuan)子周邊的(de)墻(qiang)(qiang)叫(jiao)(jiao)“院(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)”,舊時多(duo)用石(shi)塊壘(lei)成。在(zai)臨街墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)(shang),鑲嵌(qian)帶“鼻梁”的(de)石(shi)塊,用以拴騾馬(ma),叫(jiao)(jiao)“拴馬(ma)石(shi)”。院(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)(shang)面抹(mo)石(shi)灰(hui)或泥,叫(jiao)(jiao)“打墻(qiang)(qiang)頭(tou)頂。”院(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)(shang)面抹(mo)成半圓形,叫(jiao)(jiao)“和(he)尚頭(tou)”。如今,院(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)多(duo)用石(shi)塊壘(lei)下部,上(shang)(shang)面壘(lei)磚(zhuan),外(wai)面用水泥抹(mo)平;也有的(de)用磚(zhuan)或水泥砌成幾何圖案(an),稱(cheng)做“花墻(qiang)(qiang)”。院(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)不得高于屋檐(yan)。

臨街(jie)(jie)院墻(qiang)處(chu)留有大門(men)口(kou),俗稱“街(jie)(jie)門(men)”或(huo)“街(jie)(jie)門(men)口(kou)”。街(jie)(jie)門(men)多為南向(xiang)或(huo)東向(xiang),胡同里也有西向(xiang)的,但很少北向(xiang)的。街(jie)(jie)門(men)要與對(dui)門(men)鄰居的大門(men)口(kou)偏離,叫做“斜對(dui)門(men)”。

大(da)門(men)(men)一(yi)般(ban)漆為(wei)黑色(se),老輩有(you)功(gong)名的(de)人(ren)家(jia)可漆紅色(se)。門(men)(men)為(wei)兩(liang)扇,每扇裝一(yi)個鐵(tie)制(zhi)的(de)門(men)(men)環,左邊的(de)門(men)(men)環連著(zhu)門(men)(men)內“搖關(guan)”,“搖關(guan)”可轉動,供隨手關(guan)門(men)(men)用。有(you)的(de)人(ren)家(jia)還在門(men)(men)上(shang)裝有(you)鐵(tie)制(zhi)的(de)環扣,叫“門(men)(men)劃(hua)拉(la)”,用以鎖門(men)(men)。

門(men)(men)(men)上部修有門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou),舊時大(da)門(men)(men)(men)和門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)都(dou)是(shi)財勢的(de)象征(zheng),富有人(ren)(ren)家(jia)的(de)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)修四角(jiao)飛(fei)檐,上飾有“龍頭(tou)”、“壽狗”等吉祥物(wu),大(da)門(men)(men)(men)高大(da),彩畫(hua)裝飾。平常(chang)人(ren)(ren)家(jia)的(de)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)、門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)都(dou)很簡(jian)陋,門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)多(duo)用草(cao)氈(zhan),有的(de)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)沒有門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou),叫“土門(men)(men)(men)子(zi)”。

大門內大多建有影壁,俗稱“照壁”(磚砌(qi)屏風),上寫“福”字,或(huo)繪有鹿、鶴等圖案,一求吉(ji)慶,二作裝飾(shi)。

房(fang)屋(wu) 民間(jian)(jian)(jian)多(duo)住(zhu)平(ping)房(fang)。舊時,房(fang)屋(wu)結構(gou)為起(qi)脊,用梁、柱(zhu)構(gou)成(cheng)骨架,土墻(qiang)草頂(ding),木欞窗戶(間(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)石墻(qiang)瓦頂(ding))。一(yi)幢房(fang)屋(wu)3、4、5間(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)套,坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南(nan)的(de)(de)房(fang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為“正(zheng)屋(wu)”,坐(zuo)南(nan)朝北(bei)的(de)(de)為“倒屋(wu)”,東(dong)(dong)西兩(liang)側為“廂(xiang)屋(wu)”,分別(bie)叫“東(dong)(dong)廂(xiang)屋(wu)”、“西廂(xiang)屋(wu)”。正(zheng)屋(wu)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為“正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)”,兩(liang)邊分別(bie)叫“東(dong)(dong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)”、“西間(jian)(jian)(jian)”,再(zai)往里叫“套間(jian)(jian)(jian)”。正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)設鍋灶(zao)兩(liang)個,通東(dong)(dong)、西間(jian)(jian)(jian)炕內,供(gong)冬季熱(re)炕取暖。舊時,正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)與(yu)東(dong)(dong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)墻(qiang)壁上多(duo)留(liu)一(yi)小(xiao)方洞,叫“燈窩”,洞內可(ke)放油燈,這樣一(yi)盞燈可(ke)照明正(zheng)、東(dong)(dong)兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang),可(ke)節省燈油。也有(you)的(de)(de)人把(ba)它叫做“婆(po)婆(po)眼(yan)”,說從方洞中(zhong)可(ke)看到灶(zao)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)行動,供(gong)婆(po)婆(po)監視媳婦(fu)用。在正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)上方用木板或高梁秸扎(zha)頂(ding)棚,也叫“天(tian)棚”,冬天(tian)可(ke)用來存(cun)放地(di)瓜。東(dong)(dong)、西間(jian)(jian)(jian)多(duo)用花紙貼棚頂(ding),裝飾(shi)有(you)蝙蝠、團花等剪紙,叫“仰(yang)棚”。

人(ren)口多的人(ren)家,通常長輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)正屋,幼輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)廂屋。住(zhu)(zhu)一幢房子的,長輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)外間,幼輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)里間(套間),長輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)東(dong)間,幼輩(bei)住(zhu)(zhu)西(xi)間。

倒屋(wu)一般不(bu)住人,普(pu)通人家堆放雜(za)物、工具或柴(chai)草,有(you)身份人家用(yong)作待客(ke),稱“客(ke)屋(wu)”。

廂房夏(xia)(xia)熱冬(dong)(dong)冷,通風采光(guang)又(you)差,所以民間有“東廂西廂,不(bu)孝(xiao)的兒郎”、“有錢不(bu)住東廂房,冬(dong)(dong)不(bu)暖,夏(xia)(xia)不(bu)涼”的俗(su)諺。富有人家的廂房多不(bu)住人,用作(zuo)飼(si)養(yang)大牲畜或安石磨作(zuo)磨房。

建房(fang)(青島人(ren)(ren)叫“蓋屋(wu)”)是(shi)一家(jia)人(ren)(ren)的大(da)事(shi),舊(jiu)時(shi)(shi),看風水(shui)、擇宅基、安(an)門框、做梁(liang)(liang)(liang)椽等(deng)都(dou)(dou)要經(jing)過多種儀(yi)式和(he)活動,其中(zhong)(zhong)要屬(shu)上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)式最為(wei)熱(re)鬧、隆重。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi)間一塊(kuai)紅(hong)布,叫做“掛紅(hong)”。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)檁上(shang)(shang)要貼(tie)上(shang)(shang)“上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)吉(ji)”等(deng)字樣的橫(heng)坡,還要綁(bang)上(shang)(shang)筷子,用紅(hong)繩(sheng)系上(shang)(shang)銅制錢,掛上(shang)(shang)紅(hong)布等(deng)飾物,以求吉(ji)利。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi),房(fang)屋(wu)四周燃(ran)放(fang)鞭(bian)炮,正間當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)安(an)設(she)方桌,擺設(she)供品,點(dian)燃(ran)紅(hong)燭,由(you)建房(fang)人(ren)(ren)家(jia)的主人(ren)(ren)跪拜。萊西一帶(dai)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi),兩位(wei)木(mu)匠(jiang)、瓦匠(jiang)師傅還要邊唱喜歌邊往下(xia)扔一些龍(long)、鳳、虎(hu)、蝶等(deng)形(xing)狀的小(xiao)餑餑,逗引孩子們哄搶。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)式結束后(hou)的當(dang)天,主人(ren)(ren)要在(zai)新(xin)房(fang)設(she)宴請(qing)親朋(peng)、工匠(jiang)和(he)幫工者,酒菜(cai)一般都(dou)(dou)很豐盛。

現在(zai),民間建房“看風(feng)水”和“擺(bai)供求神”等舊俗(su)多已廢除,但在(zai)梁、檁之上貼橫(heng)批、堅聯,以及(ji)放鞭(bian)炮等求吉(ji)習俗(su)仍(reng)流行。

70年代開始,農(nong)村建房(fang)(fang)由(you)生產大隊(dui)(村委會)統一(yi)規劃,街道(dao)、房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)逐步達到(dao)布局整(zheng)齊劃一(yi),房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)也多(duo)為磚石(shi)墻、瓦頂、玻(bo)璃窗戶。伙房(fang)(fang)、寢(qin)室(shi)、會客室(shi)分別設置(zhi),廂屋(wu)(wu)多(duo)為水泥平頂,用以曬糧食或夏夜乘涼。

80年代后,老舊草房基本(ben)絕跡,有(you)些農村已(yi)是樓房連片(pian),農民的居住條件(jian)大為改善。

在(zai)居住(zhu)民俗中(zhong),也有許多禁忌(ji)(ji),但(dan)多帶(dai)有迷信色彩,如過去有的(de)地(di)方農歷五月忌(ji)(ji)蓋屋,說(shuo)五月為惡月,蓋屋家中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)死人,顯然沒有科學依據(ju);住(zhu)所大(da)門忌(ji)(ji)沖著(zhu)山丘,河(he)流(liu)、大(da)道、水井和墳墓,說(shuo)這樣會(hui)遭邪氣和不吉(ji)(ji)利,若無法避開,則要(yao)(yao)在(zai)門上(shang)掛“八卦鏡”破(po)解;宅基不能直沖通街道,也不能面(mian)對廟宇,如無法避開,要(yao)(yao)在(zai)宅子外(wai)面(mian)一(yi)角安一(yi)塊小(xiao)石(shi)碑,上(shang)刻“泰山石(shi)敢當”5個字;建房用(yong)的(de)木(mu)料,忌(ji)(ji)用(yong)楸(qiu)木(mu)、槐木(mu),因“楸(qiu)”、“槐”沾著(zhu)“火”、“鬼”二字,恐不吉(ji)(ji)。

在院內還(huan)忌栽(zai)桑樹(shu)(shu)、柳(liu)樹(shu)(shu)和楊樹(shu)(shu),俗稱前不(bu)(bu)(bu)栽(zai)桑,后不(bu)(bu)(bu)栽(zai)柳(liu),院內不(bu)(bu)(bu)栽(zai)“鬼(gui)拍手”。因(yin)為“桑”與“喪(sang)”同音,出門風喪(sang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉;柳(liu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)結(jie)籽,恐無(wu)子絕(jue)后;栽(zai)“鬼(gui)拍手”(指楊樹(shu)(shu))則(ze)怕招來鬼(gui)魅(mei),宅室(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)字。如今(jin)(jin),已很少(shao)有人相信(xin)有什么鬼(gui)魅(mei)了,但(dan)農民院子內外至今(jin)(jin)仍(reng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)栽(zai)植以上(shang)3種樹(shu)(shu)木。

禮儀民俗

人(ren)生禮儀民俗(su),是(shi)指人(ren)的(de)一生從誕生到死亡(wang)各個階段的(de)禮節(jie)和(he)(he)儀式,包(bao)括生禮風(feng)(feng)俗(su)、婚禮風(feng)(feng)俗(su)、壽禮風(feng)(feng)俗(su)和(he)(he)喪禮風(feng)(feng)俗(su),是(shi)最(zui)復雜和(he)(he)繁瑣(suo)的(de)民俗(su)事(shi)象。

在青島地(di)區,嬰(ying)兒出生(sheng)后(hou)要舉行“報喜(xi)”、“過三日”、搬滿月(yue)”、“過百歲”等(deng)多種儀(yi)式(shi),直到一歲生(sheng)日過后(hou),生(sheng)育的各(ge)種程序(xu)方算(suan)結束(shu)。

在生育民(min)俗(su)中(zhong),傳統的(de)男尊女卑觀念(nian)很明(ming)顯,生男稱“大喜(xi)”,生女稱“小喜(xi)”。女孩(hai)(hai)(hai)報(bao)喜(xi)的(de)時間要比男孩(hai)(hai)(hai)晚3天,關這喜(xi)蛋要比男孩(hai)(hai)(hai)少,禮儀也比男孩(hai)(hai)(hai)簡單(dan)得多。

婚禮禮也是人生禮儀中的一個大禮,舊時(shi)權勢人家結婚興(xing)“六(liu)禮”,即納(na)(na)彩(cai)、問名、納(na)(na)吉(ji)、納(na)(na)征、請日(ri)、親(qin)迎(ying)。尋(xun)常百(bai)姓家禮儀雖(sui)從(cong)簡,但也要(yao)經過(guo)說媒、定親(qin)(下媒柬(jian))、送(song)日(ri)子、送(song)嫁妝、迎(ying)娶等多(duo)道程序。

送(song)嫁妝、迎娶往往成為有錢(qian)人炫耀門庭的時(shi)機,大操大辦助(zhu)長了鋪(pu)張浪費風氣。

在婚(hun)俗中,有不少(shao)(shao)封建迷信色(se)彩,如合婚(hun)批生辰八字、看男女屬相(xiang)是(shi)否相(xiang)克等。舊時“白馬(ma)怕(pa)青牛(niu),羊鼠一(yi)旦休;金雞怕(pa)玉犬(quan),雞猴(hou)不到頭”等說法不知毀掉(diao)了多(duo)少(shao)(shao)個幸(xing)福的婚(hun)姻。

建國(guo)后(hou),實(shi)行(xing)新的(de)婚(hun)(hun)姻法,過去的(de)許(xu)多婚(hun)(hun)姻陋(lou)俗(su),如指腹婚(hun)(hun)、娃娃親、童養媳、結陰親、納妝、一夫娶二房等(deng)已絕跡(ji)。但(dan)近(jin)年來,婚(hun)(hun)姻中(zhong)的(de)大(da)操辦之風仍(reng)很興盛。

壽(shou)禮(li)是為(wei)老年(nian)人慶壽(shou)的一種儀式。近年(nian)來(lai),青島人祝壽(shou)、過去日習俗盛行,但禮(li)儀從簡。

喪事是人生的(de)終結,喪禮(li)是人生的(de)最后(hou)一次禮(li)儀。民間(jian)對喪禮(li)看得很重,往(wang)往(wang)不惜花費大量財力、物力來安慰亡靈(ling)。

過去青島人實行(xing)土(tu)葬(zang),葬(zang)禮(li)程序繁多。如今,普遍推行(xing)火葬(zang),喪事從簡(jian)。有的(de)(de)將(jiang)死者骨(gu)灰盒埋葬(zang)土(tu)中(zhong),說是“隨土(tu)而(er)安”;有的(de)(de)將(jiang)骨(gu)灰撒向大(da)海。

節日民俗

歲時節(jie)日(ri)民俗是按一年四(si)季的氣候變(bian)化和(he)節(jie)氣變(bian)換在民間形成的風(feng)俗習慣,是我(wo)國民俗中(zhong)的重要組成部分。

歲時節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)民(min)俗中(zhong)(zhong)傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)著許多具有(you)民(min)族特(te)色的(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)。這些節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)經過于百年(nian)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)變(bian)異,已形成了各自(zi)不(bu)同的(de)內容與特(te)色。其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)反映生產的(de)農事(shi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(立(li)春(chun)(chun)、谷雨、石頭節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)等);祭(ji)(ji)奠祖先(xian)、神靈的(de)祭(ji)(ji)祀節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(中(zhong)(zhong)元(yuan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、寒衣(yi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));追念(nian)民(min)族英(ying)雄(xiong)和名土(tu)偉人的(de)紀念(nian)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(清(qing)明節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、端(duan)午(wu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));祝賀喜慶豐(feng)收、闔(he)家團圓的(de)慶賀節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(春(chun)(chun)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、中(zhong)(zhong)秋(qiu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));還有(you)屬于游藝(yi)娛樂(le)方面的(de)游樂(le)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(元(yuan)宵節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie))等。許多傳(chuan)(chuan)統節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)都(dou)伴有(you)一個優美的(de)神話傳(chuan)(chuan)說故事(shi),如乞巧節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)“牛(niu)郎織女”、中(zhong)(zhong)秋(qiu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)“嫦娥奔月”、寒衣(yi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)“孟姜(jiang)女千里尋(xun)夫(fu)”等。

如(ru)今,一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)大的(de)全民性的(de)節(jie)日(ri),如(ru)春節(jie)、端(duan)午節(jie)、中秋節(jie)等仍很受人重視;一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)小的(de)或地域性的(de)節(jie)日(ri),如(ru)五馬日(ri)、人日(ri)、石王生(sheng)日(ri)等已逐漸被人們淡忘(wang)。

建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)后,形(xing)成了不少新興的節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日,這些節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日有的是國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)性的,部分(fen)為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特有,主要有元(yuan)旦、三八國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)勞動(dong)婦女(nv)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、五一(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)勞動(dong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、五四(si)青年節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、六一(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)兒童節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、七一(yi)(yi)建(jian)黨(dang)日、八一(yi)(yi)建(jian)軍節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、九月十(shi)日教師節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、十(shi)一(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)慶節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)等。

民俗節慶

1、青島(dao)蘿卜會(元宵山會)

舉辦(ban)時間:正月初九至正月十五

舉辦地(di)點(dian):云溪(xi)庵

主要活動:開(kai)幕(mu)式,蘿(luo)卜藝術雕刻大賽,民間工藝品制作大賽,元宵制作展評,閉幕(mu)式等(deng)。

交通方式(shi):在市內乘坐2,5,21,24,305路(lu)車(che)在“黃臺路(lu)”下(xia)車(che)即可。

背景(jing)介紹:云溪(xi)庵始建于元代,屬道教廟(miao)宇,因出產的蘿(luo)卜脆而大著名。民間有(you)“正月初九吃蘿(luo)卜不牙疼,可防(fang)百病”的說法(fa),因而蘿(luo)卜成了廟(miao)會上的主要商品(pin),漸漸廟(miao)會也就(jiu)被(bei)人(ren)們稱之為“蘿(luo)卜會”。現在的蘿(luo)卜會人(ren)流(liu)如潮,各類(lei)商品(pin)琳瑯滿目,已成為島(dao)城春節后(hou)第一個有(you)影響的民間節日盛會。

2、海云庵(an)糖球會

舉辦時(shi)間:正月十六至正月十八

舉辦地點:海云(yun)庵

主要(yao)活動:茂腔、柳腔、皮影、雜耍(shua)、剪(jian)紙(zhi)、年(nian)畫(hua)、秧歌大(da)賽、鑼鼓大(da)賽等民間(jian)藝(yi)術(shu)活動,還有大(da)型廣場文藝(yi)表演、地方(fang)戲專場演出、攝影抓(zhua)拍(pai)比賽、書畫(hua)現場表演、武術(shu)表演等。

交通方(fang)式(shi):市內可乘坐(zuo)1、5、7、15、32、206、210、319路公交車前往。

背(bei)景介紹:海云庵始(shi)建于(yu)明代。舊時(shi)農歷正月十六是該(gai)庵廟(miao)會,由于(yu)廟(miao)會上(shang)賣山(shan)楂(zha)糖球的特(te)別多,便(bian)稱(cheng)之為“海云庵糖球會”。1986年青島恢復(fu)了這一民俗節(jie)日,為期3天。

3、田橫祭海節

舉辦時間:每年3月20到3月22日

舉辦地點:即墨(mo)田(tian)橫鎮

主要(yao)活動:祭(ji)海(hai)前一天,打掃(sao)龍(long)王廟,擺香爐、祭(ji)案(an),貼對聯,扎松柏龍(long)門。 祭(ji)海(hai)當天,漁民們(men)以船為(wei)單位在龍(long)王廟前的(de)海(hai)灘上開(kai)始擺供。漁民們(men)將要(yao)焚燒的(de)黃裱紙(zhi)整理好,擺好香爐,將上千掛紅彤彤的(de)鞭(bian)炮升上高(gao)空(kong)。

交通方式:青島市(shi)區居民可以(yi)在青島四方長(chang)途汽(qi)車(che)站,坐(zuo)從青島到(dao)即(ji)墨(mo)的(de)流(liu)水發車(che),到(dao)站后(hou)直接坐(zuo)從即(ji)墨(mo)到(dao)田橫的(de)流(liu)水車(che)。

背景介紹:祭海(hai)(hai)(hai)是漁(yu)民(min)在(zai)(zai)漫長的耕海(hai)(hai)(hai)牧漁(yu)生活中創造的一(yi)種獨具地(di)域(yu)特色的漁(yu)家文化。每年(nian)谷雨前后(hou),漁(yu)民(min)們在(zai)(zai)修船(chuan)、添置漁(yu)具等生產準備(bei)工(gong)作就(jiu)緒(xu)后(hou),選個黃道(dao)吉日把漁(yu)網抬上船(chuan),便開始(shi)祭海(hai)(hai)(hai),因(yin)(yin)此又稱(cheng)“上網”。專家對田橫境(jing)內古文化遺址考證(zheng),早在(zai)(zai)6000年(nian)前的新(xin)石器(qi)時代(dai),先民(min)們就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)田橫區域(yu)靠漁(yu)獵為生,繁衍(yan)生息(xi)。當(dang)時因(yin)(yin)認識水平有限,人(ren)們無法解釋大(da)自然的神(shen)(shen)秘現象,對大(da)海(hai)(hai)(hai)懷有深(shen)深(shen)的敬(jing)畏心理,出海(hai)(hai)(hai)捕魚(yu)時都要向海(hai)(hai)(hai)神(shen)(shen)祈福求安。明永(yong)樂(le)年(nian)間(jian),隨著(zhu)當(dang)地(di)人(ren)口聚集,逐漸形成村落,祭海(hai)(hai)(hai)儀(yi)式初(chu)見規模。至民(min)國初(chu)年(nian),田橫祭海(hai)(hai)(hai)形成以家族或船(chuan)組為單位的集體祭海(hai)(hai)(hai)活動。

4、青島十梅(mei)庵梅(mei)花節

舉辦時間:每(mei)年3月中旬至(zhi)4月上旬

舉辦地(di)點:青島梅園

主要活動:梅(mei)(mei)花節的主要內容有梅(mei)(mei)花,蠟(la)梅(mei)(mei)大、中、小型(xing)盆景(jing)(jing),露地(di)景(jing)(jing)地(di)(梅(mei)(mei)樹),梅(mei)(mei)花、蠟(la)梅(mei)(mei)寫意(yi)盆景(jing)(jing),插花藝術,攝(she)影展(zhan)(zhan),詩書(shu)畫展(zhan)(zhan)等。

交(jiao)通方(fang)式:乘(cheng)坐 364路, 在 十梅庵公園站 下車(che),步行(xing)150米至 梅園

背景介紹:1999年(nian)(nian),在青(qing)島梅(mei)(mei)園(yuan)舉辦(ban)了(le)第六屆中(zhong)國梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)蠟梅(mei)(mei)展覽會(hui)、第三屆國際(ji)梅(mei)(mei)文化學術研討會(hui)和青(qing)島市首屆梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)節,并(bing)被農業(ye)部命名(ming)為(wei)“中(zhong)國梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)之鄉”。 此(ci)后,青(qing)島十梅(mei)(mei)庵梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)節于每年(nian)(nian)3月中(zhong)旬至4月上(shang)旬在青(qing)島十梅(mei)(mei)庵風景區內的青(qing)島梅(mei)(mei)園(yuan)舉行。梅(mei)(mei)園(yuan)每年(nian)(nian)還要邀請無錫園(yuan)林局、蘇(su)州(zhou)園(yuan)林局、武漢磨(mo)山管理局、山東騰蛟園(yuan)藝場(chang)等兄弟單位共同參展。每年(nian)(nian)的梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)節,青(qing)島梅(mei)(mei)園(yuan)盛況空前,博大精深的梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)文化吸(xi)引(yin)游客超過(guo)10萬(wan)人(ren)次。

5、膠南(nan)杜鵑花(hua)會

舉辦(ban)時(shi)間:3月28日——5月31日

舉辦地點:膠南大珠山風景區(qu)

主要(yao)活動(dong):四到五月(yue),珠山上(shang)杜鵑開得正盛(sheng),游人(ren)(ren)主要(yao)活動(dong)是(shi)登山賞花。花會(hui)上(shang)還設有美食坊,沿途會(hui)有轉風車(che)、打地鼠(shu)等(deng)真人(ren)(ren)活動(dong),可供娛樂。

交(jiao)通(tong)方式(shi):青(qing)島市民可乘坐3路(lu)、7路(lu)公(gong)交(jiao)到(dao)達(da)大(da)珠山汽車南站,或乘坐12路(lu)、101到(dao)達(da)濱海大(da)道后換乘臨(lin)時專線(xian)公(gong)交(jiao)車至各景區觀光旅游,也可以直接乘坐102路(lu)到(dao)達(da)珠山秀谷。

背景介紹:中國瑯(lang)琊旅游文(wen)(wen)化(hua)節(jie)暨膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南杜鵑花會,以膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)為(wei)背景,以瑯(lang)琊臺(tai)、靈山(shan)灣和萬(wan)畝野生(sheng)杜鵑花等旅游資源為(wei)基礎,以提(ti)升膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南城市品牌為(wei)目的,通過策(ce)劃豐(feng)富(fu)多彩(cai)的主(zhu)題活(huo)動,多方位展現(xian)山(shan)水靈韻、和美(mei)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南的醉(zui)人風光、風土人情和勃勃生(sheng)機,為(wei)廣大游客打造(zao)一(yi)個舒心、互動、和諧的旅游節(jie)慶(qing)活(huo)動,真正實現(xian)社(she)會效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)、環境效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)、經濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)的共贏。

6、青島賞花會

舉辦時間:4月中旬

舉辦地(di)點:青島(dao)李滄區

主要活動(dong)(dong)(dong):大(da)型(xing)主題晚(wan)會、國際插花(hua)藝(yi)術大(da)賽、登山賞花(hua)游、書畫筆(bi)會、大(da)型(xing)征文比賽、民(min)俗文化活動(dong)(dong)(dong)周、優惠購物活動(dong)(dong)(dong)等

交(jiao)通方式(shi):青島(dao)市(shi)民可以就(jiu)近在長途站坐車(che)去(qu)李(li)滄,流水發車(che)。

背(bei)景介(jie)紹:青島(dao)賞花(hua)(hua)(hua)會(hui)是以(yi)前(qian)青島(dao)李滄(cang)區獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉資(zi)源為基礎,主要是賞三花(hua)(hua)(hua),即(ji)李村東(dong)部的(de)(de)(de)萬畝桃花(hua)(hua)(hua)、十梅庵的(de)(de)(de)800畝梅花(hua)(hua)(hua)和戴家北山紅石壁(bi)子的(de)(de)(de)千畝野杜鵑花(hua)(hua)(hua),整(zheng)合其(qi)他花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉資(zi)源和文(wen)化(hua)(hua)資(zi)源,形成集旅游、商貿、群眾性文(wen)化(hua)(hua)活(huo)動為一體的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)節會(hui)。

7、嶗山旅(lv)游(you)文化節

舉辦時間:4月下旬(xun)至6月上旬(xun)

舉辦地點:嶗山

主(zhu)(zhu)要活動(dong):嶗(lao)山(shan)旅(lv)游文化(hua)節以“山(shan)海(hai)情懷、魅力嶗(lao)山(shan)”為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)。分為(wei)節會活動(dong)、論壇(tan)及(ji)研討會、文化(hua)系列(lie)活動(dong)、旅(lv)游系列(lie)活動(dong)、經貿系列(lie)活動(dong)、體(ti)育健身系列(lie)活動(dong)等八大主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)板(ban)塊(kuai)。

交通(tong)方式:市(shi)區(qu)居民可(ke)以從青(qing)島火車站、輪渡碼頭、前海、中山(shan)公園及(ji)青(qing)島市(shi)政府一帶去嶗山(shan),可(ke)沿香港路(lu)或東海路(lu)至石老人,接湛流干路(lu)到達嶗山(shan)南麓的門戶沙(sha)子口,由(you)沙(sha)子口進入山(shan)區(qu)。

背景介紹:由中國國際茶文化研究會、中國茶葉流通協會、山東省茶文化協會、青島市人民政府主辦,青島市嶗山區人民政府承辦的國際茶文化研討會暨嶗山國際茶文化節被譽為“茶屆奧林匹克”。不斷擴大文化影響力,是一個區域具有長久生命力的根本所在。嶗山之美不僅在于她的山、她的海,更在于她幾千年的文化底蘊。文化與旅游相互融合將產生無窮的魅力和巨大的社會價值。旅游文化節將以重點旅游項目為依托,注重鄉村旅游和文化的融合,深入挖掘嶗山旅游文化資源,加強對非物質文化資源的開發和利用,不斷提升旅游的文化品位。更多>>>

青島民俗村

青(qing)島(dao)藏(zang)馬莊(zhuang)民俗村(cun),位于(yu)青(qing)島(dao)藏(zang)馬山國際(ji)旅游度假區(qu),是集民俗表演、手(shou)工作坊、特色小吃、非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產、世紀末(mo)手(shou)工業、酒吧、民宿客棧等為一體(ti)的民俗旅游項目,是山東地(di)區(qu)以民俗文(wen)化(hua)為主題的人文(wen)景(jing)區(qu)。藏(zang)馬莊(zhuang)民俗村(cun)總(zong)占地(di)面積(ji)120畝,一期建成8500平方米,,二期規劃(hua)1.5萬平方米。總(zong)投資(zi)1.1億,一期投資(zi)6500萬。

藏馬(ma)莊以傳統民間市井文(wen)化(hua)為(wei)(wei)敘事線索,以山(shan)東文(wen)化(hua)作為(wei)(wei)園區文(wen)脈,薈萃山(shan)東各地特色傳統人(ren)文(wen)風貌,鋪墊深厚文(wen)化(hua)底蘊。通過(guo)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)游(you)樂體驗,展示山(shan)東璀璨文(wen)明。走進藏馬(ma)莊,感受(shou)到(dao)的(de)是(shi)一部凝(ning)固的(de)歷史和流(liu)動的(de)畫卷。

藏馬(ma)莊以(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)統民(min)(min)間市(shi)井文(wen)化(hua)為(wei)敘(xu)事線索,在(zai)民(min)(min)俗村(cun)內鋪展活色(se)生香的(de)民(min)(min)間傳(chuan)(chuan)統生活畫卷。“一(yi)朝步入畫卷,一(yi)日夢回千年”。藏馬(ma)莊以(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)統集市(shi)文(wen)化(hua)模(mo)式薈萃齊魯風情,打造集民(min)(min)俗表演、手(shou)工作(zuo)坊(fang)、特色(se)小吃、非物質文(wen)化(hua)遺產、世紀末(mo)手(shou)工業、酒吧、民(min)(min)宿客棧等傳(chuan)(chuan)統功能綜(zong)合體(ti),打造文(wen)化(hua)功能的(de)多元(yuan)化(hua),復合多樣(yang)特色(se)的(de)民(min)(min)俗旅(lv)游產品。包攬山東(dong),尋找歷史(shi)長河中傳(chuan)(chuan)統民(min)(min)間的(de)“那些事兒”。

2015年10月1日,藏馬(ma)(ma)莊民(min)俗(su)(su)(su)村(cun)開園納客。每年春節,藏馬(ma)(ma)莊民(min)俗(su)(su)(su)村(cun)都會(hui)舉行盛大(da)的民(min)俗(su)(su)(su)文(wen)化(hua)廟會(hui)。

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