蓄電池充電，蓄電池充電器

出現下列情況之一(yi)時應(ying)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)：電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)比重降至1.2以下；冬(dong)季放電(dian)(dian)超過25%；夏季放電(dian)(dian)超過50%；燈光暗淡(dan)；啟動無力。

有(you)的(de)車主(zhu)認(ren)為(wei)，快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)可(ke)以節省時(shi)間(jian)，只需要(yao)3-5個小時(shi)。其實(shi)不然(ran)，快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)只是(shi)迅(xun)速把電(dian)(dian)池表面(mian)激活，而實(shi)際上(shang)電(dian)(dian)池內(nei)部是(shi)沒有(you) 完全充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)的(de)。

除了(le)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)之外，還有(you)一種為慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間為10-15個(ge)小時(shi)(shi)，那些深(shen)虧電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就必須(xu)進行慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，否則充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)(bu)夠，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)量不(bu)(bu)足 ，會直接(jie)影響到汽車的(de)(de)行駛性(xing)能。雖(sui)說充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)個(ge)相(xiang)當簡(jian)單的(de)(de)操作，但也有(you)一些注(zhu)意事項：1、向鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，要(yao)穿上(shang)保護衣。2、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)， 蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)附(fu)近不(bu)(bu)能有(you)火花，禁(jin)止抽煙。3、對(dui)(dui)一個(ge)或對(dui)(dui)多(duo)個(ge)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)并聯(lian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)(bu)要(yao)超過16V。

蓄電池充電誤區

新蓄電池不進行初充電

蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的首次充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為(wei)初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的使用(yong)(yong)壽命和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)有(you)很大的影(ying)響(xiang)。若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，則(ze)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)不高，使用(yong)(yong)壽命也(ye)短(duan)；若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過量(liang)，則(ze)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能雖然(ran)好(hao)，但(dan)也(ye)會縮短(duan)它(ta)的使用(yong)(yong)壽命，所以新蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)要小心謹慎地進行初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)普通蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在使用(yong)(yong)前一定(ding)要按(an)(an)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規范進行初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)干荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，按(an)(an)使用(yong)(yong)說明(ming)書(shu)，雖然(ran)在規定(ding)的兩年(nian)儲(chu)存期內若(ruo)需使用(yong)(yong)，只要加(jia)入(ru)規定(ding)密度的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液擱置15min，不需要充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即(ji)可(ke)投入(ru)使用(yong)(yong)。但(dan)是，如果儲(chu)存期超過兩年(nian)，由于(yu)極板上有(you)部分氧(yang)化，為(wei)了提(ti)高其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)，使用(yong)(yong)前應(ying)進行補充(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)5h-8h后(hou)再用(yong)(yong)。

蓄電池不進行補充充電

有些駕(jia)駛(shi)員常(chang)忽視(shi)對在用車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的補充充電(dian)。由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在車上(shang)充電(dian)不徹底，易造成極(ji)板(ban)硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)；同時(shi)，在使(shi)(shi)(shi)用中充、放電(dian)的電(dian)量是(shi)不平衡的，倘若(ruo)放電(dian)大(da)(da)于(yu)充電(dian)而(er)使(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)長期(qi)(qi)處于(yu)虧電(dian)狀(zhuang)態，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板(ban)就會慢(man)慢(man)硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)。這種(zhong)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)，會使(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)荷(he)容量不斷降低，直到起動無力，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)縮短蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命。為(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板(ban)上(shang)的活性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)及時(shi)得到還原，減少極(ji)板(ban)硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)，提(ti)高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)荷(he)容量，延(yan)長其使(shi)(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命，對在用車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)應定期(qi)(qi)進行(xing)補充充電(dian)。

蓄電池過充電

蓄電池(chi)經(jing)常過量充電，即使充電電流不大，但電解液長時(shi)間“沸騰”，除了活(huo)性物質表面(mian)的細小顆粒易(yi)于脫落(luo)外(wai)，還會使柵架(jia)過分氧(yang)化，造(zao)成(cheng)活(huo)性物質與柵架(jia)松散剝(bo)離(li)。

充電時極性充反

由(you)于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)板(ban)材料不同，除(chu)了活性物質外，負(fu)(fu)極(ji)板(ban)還添加(jia)了硫(liu)酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松(song)香等材料，用來防止負(fu)(fu)極(ji)板(ban)收縮和氧化。另外，每個單(dan)格蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的負(fu)(fu)極(ji)板(ban)數(shu)又總是(shi)比正(zheng)極(ji)板(ban)數(shu)多一片，而(er)且負(fu)(fu)極(ji)板(ban)比正(zheng)極(ji)板(ban)略薄。當進行(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)或補充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，若(ruo)不注(zhu)意極(ji)性，會使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充反，使(shi)正(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)極(ji)幾乎都變(bian)成(cheng)粗(cu)晶粒的PbSO4，造(zao)成(cheng)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量不足，不能正(zheng)常工作(zuo)，甚至導致蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)報(bao)廢(fei)。因此，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時一定(ding)要注(zhu)意極(ji)性，切(qie)不可極(ji)性充反。

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