蓄電池充電，蓄電池充電器

出現下列情況之一時應(ying)進行(xing)充電：電解液比重降至(zhi)1.2以下；冬季放電超(chao)過(guo)25%；夏季放電超(chao)過(guo)50%；燈(deng)光暗淡；啟動無力。

有的(de)(de)車主認為，快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)可以節省時間，只(zhi)需要(yao)3-5個(ge)小時。其(qi)實(shi)不然，快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)迅速(su)把電(dian)池表面激活，而實(shi)際(ji)上電(dian)池內部是(shi)(shi)沒有 完全充(chong)滿電(dian)的(de)(de)。

除(chu)了快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)之外，還有(you)一種為慢(man)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)為10-15個(ge)小時(shi)，那(nei)些(xie)深(shen)虧電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就必須(xu)進行慢(man)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，否(fou)則(ze)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)夠，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)量不(bu)足 ，會直接(jie)影響(xiang)到(dao)汽車的行駛性能。雖說(shuo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)是個(ge)相(xiang)當簡單的操作(zuo)，但(dan)也(ye)有(you)一些(xie)注意(yi)事(shi)項：1、向(xiang)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，要穿上保(bao)護衣。2、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)， 蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)附近不(bu)能有(you)火(huo)花(hua)，禁(jin)止(zhi)抽(chou)煙。3、對一個(ge)或對多(duo)個(ge)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)并聯充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)要超過16V。

蓄電池充電誤區

新蓄電池不進行初充電

蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)首次充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱(cheng)為初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量有很大的(de)(de)影響。若充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，則蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量不(bu)高，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)也(ye)短(duan)；若充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過量，則蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性(xing)能(neng)雖然好，但也(ye)會縮(suo)短(duan)它的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，所以新(xin)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)要(yao)(yao)小心謹(jin)慎地(di)進行初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于(yu)普通蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)前一定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)按充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規范進行初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于(yu)干荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，按使(shi)用(yong)(yong)說明書，雖然在(zai)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)兩年儲存期內若需使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，只要(yao)(yao)加入規定(ding)(ding)(ding)密度的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液擱(ge)置15min，不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即可(ke)投(tou)入使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。但是(shi)，如果(guo)儲存期超過兩年，由于(yu)極板上有部分氧(yang)化，為了(le)提高其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)前應進行補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)5h-8h后再用(yong)(yong)。

蓄電池不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員(yuan)常忽視對在(zai)用(yong)車(che)(che)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)車(che)(che)上充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不徹底，易造(zao)成極板(ban)(ban)硫(liu)化；同(tong)時，在(zai)使用(yong)中充(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是不平衡的，倘若(ruo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大于(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)長(chang)期處于(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極板(ban)(ban)就會慢慢硫(liu)化。這種慢性硫(liu)化，會使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量(liang)不斷降低，直(zhi)到起動無力，大大縮短(duan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的使用(yong)壽命。為使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極板(ban)(ban)上的活性物質及時得到還原，減少極板(ban)(ban)硫(liu)化，提高蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量(liang)，延長(chang)其使用(yong)壽命，對在(zai)用(yong)車(che)(che)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)應定期進(jin)行補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池過充電

蓄電(dian)池經常過(guo)量充(chong)電(dian)，即使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流不大(da)，但電(dian)解液長(chang)時(shi)間“沸騰”，除了活(huo)性(xing)物質表面(mian)的(de)細(xi)小顆粒易于(yu)脫落外，還會使(shi)柵(zha)架過(guo)分氧化，造成(cheng)活(huo)性(xing)物質與柵(zha)架松散(san)剝離。

充電時極性充反

由于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材料不(bu)同，除(chu)了(le)活(huo)性(xing)物質外(wai)，負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)還添加了(le)硫酸鋇(bei)、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止(zhi)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)收縮和氧化。另外(wai)，每個單格蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)數(shu)又總(zong)是(shi)比(bi)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)數(shu)多一片，而且(qie)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)比(bi)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)略薄。當進(jin)行蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的初充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)或補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，若不(bu)注(zhu)意極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)，會(hui)使蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)反，使正、負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)幾(ji)乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)荷容量不(bu)足，不(bu)能正常工(gong)作，甚至導致蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)報廢。因此，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)一定要(yao)注(zhu)意極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)，切(qie)不(bu)可(ke)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)反。

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