蓄電池充電，蓄電池充電器

出現下列(lie)情況(kuang)之一時應進行充電(dian)：電(dian)解液比重(zhong)降至1.2以下；冬季放電(dian)超(chao)過(guo)25%；夏季放電(dian)超(chao)過(guo)50%；燈光暗淡(dan)；啟動無力。

有的車主認為，快速(su)充電(dian)可以節省時間，只需(xu)要3-5個小時。其實不(bu)然，快速(su)充電(dian)只是迅速(su)把(ba)電(dian)池(chi)表(biao)面激(ji)活，而實際(ji)上(shang)電(dian)池(chi)內部是沒有 完全充滿(man)電(dian)的。

除了快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)外(wai)，還有(you)(you)一種為(wei)慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間為(wei)10-15個(ge)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)，那些(xie)(xie)深虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就必(bi)須進行慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，否則(ze)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間不夠，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足 ，會直接(jie)影響到汽車的行駛性能。雖說充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)個(ge)相當簡單(dan)的操作(zuo)，但也有(you)(you)一些(xie)(xie)注意(yi)事(shi)項：1、向(xiang)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)穿上保護(hu)衣。2、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)， 蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)附近不能有(you)(you)火花，禁止抽煙。3、對(dui)一個(ge)或對(dui)多個(ge)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)并聯充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不要(yao)超過16V。

蓄電池充電誤區

新蓄電池不進行初充電

蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的首次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為(wei)初(chu)(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，初(chu)(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量(liang)有很(hen)大的影(ying)響。若(ruo)(ruo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)，則蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量(liang)不(bu)高(gao)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)也(ye)短；若(ruo)(ruo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過量(liang)，則蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能雖(sui)然好，但也(ye)會縮(suo)短它(ta)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)，所(suo)以新蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)要小心謹慎地(di)進行初(chu)(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于(yu)普通蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)(qian)一定要按(an)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規范(fan)進行初(chu)(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于(yu)干荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，按(an)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)說(shuo)明(ming)書，雖(sui)然在規定的兩年儲存(cun)期內(nei)若(ruo)(ruo)需(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，只要加入(ru)規定密度的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液擱置15min，不(bu)需(xu)要充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即(ji)可(ke)投入(ru)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。但是，如果儲存(cun)期超過兩年，由于(yu)極板上有部分氧化(hua)，為(wei)了提高(gao)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量(liang)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)(qian)應進行補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)5h-8h后(hou)再(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

蓄電池不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員(yuan)常(chang)忽視(shi)對在用(yong)(yong)車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在車(che)上充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不徹底(di)，易造(zao)成極(ji)(ji)板(ban)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)；同(tong)時，在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)中充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是不平衡的(de)，倘(tang)若(ruo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長期處于虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)就會(hui)慢(man)慢(man)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)。這種慢(man)性硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)，會(hui)使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量不斷降低，直(zhi)到起動無力，大大縮短蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。為使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)上的(de)活性物質及時得(de)到還原，減少極(ji)(ji)板(ban)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)，提(ti)高蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量，延長其使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)，對在用(yong)(yong)車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應定期進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池過充電

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)經(jing)常過量充電(dian)(dian)，即使充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流不大，但電(dian)(dian)解液長時(shi)間“沸騰”，除了活性物質表(biao)面的細(xi)小(xiao)顆粒易于脫落外，還會(hui)使柵(zha)架(jia)過分(fen)氧化，造成活性物質與柵(zha)架(jia)松散剝離。

充電時極性充反

由于蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)材料不同，除(chu)了(le)活性物(wu)質外(wai)，負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)還添(tian)加了(le)硫酸鋇(bei)、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防(fang)止(zhi)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)收縮(suo)和氧化。另外(wai)，每個單格(ge)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)數又(you)總是(shi)比正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)數多一片，而且負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)比正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)略薄。當進行蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)或補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，若不注(zhu)意(yi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性，會(hui)使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)反(fan)，使(shi)正、負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)幾乎都變成粗晶(jing)粒的(de)PbSO4，造成蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量不足，不能正常工作，甚至導(dao)致蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)報廢。因此，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時一定要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性，切(qie)不可極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性充(chong)反(fan)。

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