海派飲食形成的背景
顧名思(si)義,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派(pai)(pai)(pai)即為“海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)納百川,兼容(rong)并蓄(xu)”。而海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派(pai)(pai)(pai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)基(ji)于(yu)(yu)中華傳統文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)礎(chu)上,又(you)融入了(le)(le)一些西(xi)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),經過了(le)(le)相當長時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收消化(hua)(hua)(hua)而形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)有(you)自己鮮明(ming)特點的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派(pai)(pai)(pai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)包括了(le)(le)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派(pai)(pai)(pai)建筑文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派(pai)(pai)(pai)京劇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派(pai)(pai)(pai)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)等(deng)。雖然上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)并不完全等(deng)于(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派(pai)(pai)(pai)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),但(dan)(dan)是(shi)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)卻是(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派(pai)(pai)(pai)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)最重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)部分。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派(pai)(pai)(pai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)被(bei)鴉片戰爭促使的(de)(de)(de)(de),在鴉片戰爭期(qi)間,“上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)作為五個通商口岸之(zhi)一,洋貨、洋人(ren)、洋思(si)想、洋經濟長驅直入,隨之(zhi)而來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)租(zu)借(jie)”。由于(yu)(yu)租(zu)借(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)和精神文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)高于(yu)(yu)當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),這就(jiu)激發了(le)(le)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)拋下(xia)落后的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想,積極地像西(xi)方(fang)人(ren)學習。不但(dan)(dan)如此,由于(yu)(yu)政(zheng)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)不穩(wen)定性(xing),人(ren)口流動性(xing)大,全國各地的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren),特別是(shi)蘇、浙、粵等(deng)戶籍的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)都紛(fen)紛(fen)來(lai)(lai)到了(le)(le)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),這就(jiu)使上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)短時(shi)期(qi)內(nei)接(jie)觸到了(le)(le)各種(zhong)各樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)習俗,這為海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派(pai)(pai)(pai)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)打(da)下(xia)了(le)(le)基(ji)礎(chu)。
海派飲食的特點
眾所周知,“民以(yi)食為天”是中(zhong)國人的一(yi)(yi)句古話,著名作家(jia)梁實(shi)(shi)秋,搜盡覓全(quan)中(zhong)國大江南北的美味(wei)佳肴著成了《雅舍談(tan)吃》,在此書中(zhong),他(ta)不(bu)僅(jin)是談(tan)吃喝(he),其實(shi)(shi)更是談(tan)出了他(ta)的一(yi)(yi)種社會心態,一(yi)(yi)種處世哲學(xue),一(yi)(yi)種審(shen)美趣味(wei)或人生追求。從上面的事(shi)實(shi)(shi)中(zhong),我們可以(yi)看出飲(yin)食從古代就一(yi)(yi)直被(bei)中(zhong)國人所推崇,并與(yu)之(zhi)結合(he)到了精(jing)神層(ceng)面。
上海(hai)作為中國(guo)的(de)(de)一(yi)個重要的(de)(de)城市,近代(dai)時是以“本(ben)幫(bang)菜”出名的(de)(de)。“本(ben)幫(bang)菜”是以濃油赤(chi)醬、咸淡適中、保持原味、醇厚鮮美(mei)為其特(te)色(se),常用的(de)(de)烹(peng)調方法以紅(hong)燒、煨、糖為主。家常、平民化都是本(ben)幫(bang)菜的(de)(de)特(te)色(se)。禿(tu)肺、圈子、腌篤鮮、黃豆湯等這(zhe)些(xie)普通、廉價的(de)(de)原料都是本(ben)幫(bang)菜的(de)(de)生力軍(jun),這(zhe)些(xie)都是在海(hai)派飲(yin)食之前,上海(hai)飲(yin)食的(de)(de)特(te)點。當海(hai)派飲(yin)食在海(hai)派文(wen)化影響下發展(zhan)起來時,蘇、錫、寧、徽等16個地方的(de)(de)風(feng)味被(bei)吸收到海(hai)派飲(yin)食中,菜肴(yao)就逐漸由(you)原來的(de)(de)重油赤(chi)醬趨向淡雅爽口,并形成了海(hai)派飲(yin)食的(de)(de)特(te)色(se)。
由于受海(hai)派文化的(de)(de)(de)影響,海(hai)派飲食(shi)的(de)(de)(de)第一個(ge)特(te)點(dian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)包容性與適(shi)(shi)應性,打個(ge)比(bi)方,如(ru)果說其他飲食(shi)文化如(ru)川菜(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)固(gu)執的(de)(de)(de)老頭子(zi),那(nei)么上(shang)(shang)海(hai)飲食(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)能(neng)屈能(neng)伸的(de)(de)(de)大(da)丈夫(fu),而這也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)移民城市的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。可(ke)以(yi)說,只要可(ke)以(yi)適(shi)(shi)應上(shang)(shang)海(hai)人的(de)(de)(de)口(kou)味的(de)(de)(de)菜(cai),基本上(shang)(shang)都可(ke)以(yi)被上(shang)(shang)海(hai)人所接(jie)受。其實,這也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)經濟(ji)可(ke)以(yi)發(fa)展得如(ru)此之快的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)原(yuan)因,海(hai)納百川方能(neng)接(jie)觸到(dao)最先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)技術和最新信(xin)息。海(hai)派飲食(shi)的(de)(de)(de)第二個(ge)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)精(jing)細。同北方大(da)盤(pan)大(da)盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)菜(cai)肉相(xiang)比(bi),上(shang)(shang)海(hai)一盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)量(liang)堪(kan)稱袖珍,濃(nong)(nong)縮的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)精(jing)華,海(hai)派飲食(shi)將(jiang)這一俗語演繹得淋漓盡致。如(ru)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)菜(cai)的(de)(de)(de)“紅(hong)燒魚”,利(li)用其富(fu)含的(de)(de)(de)明膠蛋白質(zhi),需小火燜燒45分鐘,使膠質(zhi)溶出,再移至旺火入稠濃(nong)(nong)鹵汁。成(cheng)菜(cai)不用一點(dian)芡(qian)粉,卻濃(nong)(nong)粘似芡(qian),入口(kou)酥糯(nuo),頗具特(te)色。就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這種精(jing)細活,使上(shang)(shang)海(hai)飲食(shi)可(ke)以(yi)與川菜(cai)、粵菜(cai)相(xiang)媲美(mei)。
眾所周(zhou)知(zhi),凡事都是需要創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de),飲(yin)(yin)食(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)毫不例外。海(hai)派飲(yin)(yin)食(shi)(shi)的(de)第(di)三個(ge)(ge)特點就是創(chuang)新(xin)(xin),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)更多(duo)的(de)是被定義為海(hai)外的(de)餐飲(yin)(yin)機制以一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)中國化(hua)的(de)餐飲(yin)(yin)結構(gou)方式來表達。有筷子,也(ye)(ye)有刀叉,有西菜(cai)(cai),也(ye)(ye)有中菜(cai)(cai),更多(duo)的(de)是中西菜(cai)(cai)的(de)分解,打通,融合。食(shi)(shi)客一(yi)般(ban)是說(shuo)不清(qing)自(zi)己到(dao)底吃的(de)是什么(me)菜(cai)(cai),但(dan)就是這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)菜(cai)(cai)、這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)做法、這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)味道牢牢地抓住(zhu)了(le)顧客的(de)胃(wei)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)派飲(yin)(yin)食(shi)(shi)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)顯示了(le)上海(hai)人對(dui)中華飲(yin)(yin)食(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)真髓的(de)深刻理(li)解和對(dui)各幫菜(cai)(cai)的(de)再(zai)認識,當然管理(li)理(li)念、服務程(cheng)序規等也(ye)(ye)起(qi)到(dao)了(le)一(yi)定的(de)作用。
上海飲食習慣
上(shang)海地(di)處濕熱帶,氣候宜人(ren),四季(ji)常青,海岸(an)線又長,物產(chan)(chan)豐富。山(shan)珍海味(wei)、土(tu)特產(chan)(chan)應有盡有,上(shang)海人(ren)在(zai)飲(yin)食烹(peng)飪方面,根(gen)據本(ben)地(di)區(qu)的(de)特產(chan)(chan)和人(ren)們的(de)口味(wei)、習慣,加上(shang)博采眾長,融會貫通,精于制作,從而(er)形成了(le)特有的(de)海派飲(yin)食文化。
1、鮮活(huo)生猛 上海人(ren)的口(kou)味,以鮮為特色,所選用的原料,無論(lun)是蔬菜或(huo)肉類(lei),都要求新鮮為了迎合(he)這種飲食愛好,肉菜市場均設(she)有(you)水族(zu)箱或(huo)飼養(yang)籠,將(jiang)各種魚類(lei)、禽類(lei)活(huo)養(yang)著供(gong)顧客(ke)選購,即點、即宰、即售(shou),方便(bian)家庭。
2、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)秋(qiu)清淡、冬春(chun)香濃 夏(xia)(xia)(xia)秋(qiu)季節(jie),由于(yu)上(shang)海天(tian)氣炎(yan)熱,人們(men)食欲(yu)不大(da),為(wei)增進食欲(yu),保證營養,上(shang)海日常(chang)飲食以(yi)清淡、鮮爽、嫩滑等消暑(shu)祛熱的(de)菜(cai)(cai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)主,家庭(ting)一般(ban)常(chang)用(yong)瓜類制成清香可(ke)口湯、煲等菜(cai)(cai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)天(tian)上(shang)海時(shi)蔬有貢(gong)菜(cai)(cai),金針菜(cai)(cai),米蓰等等,不過夏(xia)(xia)(xia)天(tian)上(shang)海人一般(ban)講究清淡,菜(cai)(cai)諸如(ru)糖拌番(fan)茄,糖拌黃瓜,毛豆絲瓜就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)打發湯,一般(ban)是番(fan)茄煸(bian)尖(jian)冬瓜湯,要么雪菜(cai)(cai)肉絲豆腐羹(geng)。在北風凜烈、寒氣襲人的(de)冬春(chun)季節(jie),上(shang)海的(de)家庭(ting)飲食以(yi)營養豐(feng)富、滋補暖身、 味道香濃的(de)菜(cai)(cai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)主。這時(shi),狗肉、羊肉、鴿(ge)、蛇等,都是家庭(ting)的(de)常(chang)用(yong)菜(cai)(cai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。春(chun)節(jie),現(xian)在上(shang)海人春(chun)節(jie)大(da)多(duo)外出蹭飯,家里無非應付些春(chun)卷、湯圓(yuan)之類的(de)小點(dian)心(xin)。
3、一日三餐有湯水 上(shang)海(hai)人(ren)在(zai)飲(yin)(yin)食(shi)方面(mian)講(jiang)究營養、滋補、口感。因(yin)而在(zai)一年四季的餐桌上(shang),都少不了(le)可(ke)口滋潤的湯、羹、粥品。飯(fan)前(qian)飯(fan)后一碗(wan)湯,成為上(shang)海(hai)人(ren)飲(yin)(yin)食(shi)特(te)點之(zhi)一。
4、濃油(you)赤醬(jiang)與清(qing)湯掛面(mian)老(lao)上海(hai)(hai)人歡喜(xi)吃(chi)油(you)爆蝦(xia),新(xin)上海(hai)(hai)人歡喜(xi)咂鹽(yan)水蝦(xia)。老(lao)上海(hai)(hai)偏(pian)愛吃(chi)糖醋排(pai)骨,新(xin)上海(hai)(hai)更(geng)愛吃(chi)椒鹽(yan)排(pai)條。老(lao)上海(hai)(hai)過(guo)(guo)節(jie)燒紅(hong)燒回魚(yu),新(xin)上海(hai)(hai)興吃(chi)清(qing)蒸鮭(gui)魚(yu)。不過(guo)(guo)也(ye)有大家(jia)都喜(xi)歡的(de),像咸(xian)菜毛豆,紅(hong)燒獅子頭(tou)等。
5、 清(qing)真食(shi)品(pin)隨(sui)著城(cheng)市的進一(yi)步開放(fang),不只(zhi)是(shi) “新(xin)上(shang)(shang)海人” 為這個城(cheng)市帶來了新(xin)口味(wei),就是(shi) “老上(shang)(shang)海” 的飲食(shi)口味(wei)也在悄然變(bian)化(hua)。看看 “小肥羊” 的若(ruo)市門庭,清(qing)真食(shi)品(pin)也成為上(shang)(shang)海人飲食(shi)特點之一(yi)。
上海的小吃文化
上(shang)(shang)(shang)海小吃在南宋時即有(you)記載(zai),明初上(shang)(shang)(shang)海成為(wei)東南名邑,制作(zuo)漸(jian)趨精(jing)美,在清(qing)時隨著(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海商業日益繁(fan)榮(rong),應時適(shi)令的(de)各類米、面類小吃品種(zhong)更(geng)為(wei)豐富。清(qing)末,上(shang)(shang)(shang)海列為(wei)對外通商口岸后,相繼吸取了各地風味(wei)小吃精(jing)華,幾乎(hu)包括了全國各主要(yao)(yao)地方的(de)特色(se),并(bing)加以發展和提高,形(xing)成自(zi)己(ji)的(de)特色(se)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)海小吃特點是(shi)品種(zhong)繁(fan)多,兼具南北風味(wei);選料嚴謹(jin),制作(zuo)精(jing)細(xi);應節(jie)適(shi)令,因(yin)時更(geng)變;供應方便靈活。著(zhu)名的(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海小吃主要(yao)(yao)有(you):蟹殼黃、棗泥(ni)酥餅、生煎饅(man)頭(tou)、蒸拌冷面、陽春面、酒(jiu)釀圓子、松糕、年(nian)糕、鮮肉貓(mao)耳朵、糟田(tian)螺、小紹興(xing)雞粥(zhou)、南翔小籠(long)饅(man)頭(tou)、油氽饅(man)頭(tou)、開洋蔥(cong)油面、素菜(cai)包、擂(lei)沙圓、小籠(long)生煎等等。
上海飲食發展
上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)菜(cai)又簡稱海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派菜(cai),它與其藝(yi)術一樣(yang),是隨著上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)這(zhe)個城市的(de)(de)(de)(de)演變(bian)而發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)。鴉片戰(zhan)爭(zheng)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)“南京(jing)條約”,使上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)成為五(wu)口(kou)通商口(kou)岸之一,西方經濟文(wen)化(hua)(hua)大量輸入,各地商賈文(wen)人薈集(ji),沖擊著上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場與文(wen)化(hua)(hua)。上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食業伴同(tong)其文(wen)化(hua)(hua)藝(yi)術,也(ye)隨之發生(sheng)了突飛猛進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua),這(zhe)種(zhong)已超越原來流的(de)(de)(de)(de)范疇,發跡于(yu)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),帶著上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)這(zhe)個地區(qu)與時代印記(ji),并在上(shang)(shang)派海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)孕育、成長(chang)和擴散的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)藝(yi)術,統稱為“海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派”。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派菜(cai)就是有這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下,從全國各大菜(cai)系中脫穎而出的(de)(de)(de)(de)。它既包括經過(guo)博采(cai)眾(zhong)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本地菜(cai)點,又包括那些在保持原有特色基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang),根據上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)飲食習俗(su)進(jin)行(xing)變(bian)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)風味菜(cai)點。
1、上海本地菜的興起
上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),首先是(shi)從本地(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)開始的(de)(de)(de)。據史(shi)載(zai)早(zao)(zao)在南宋末年和(he)(he)(he)元(yuan)初(chu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)就有(you)(you)(you)酒(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)出(chu)現,到明末清初(chu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)除小(xiao)吃、便(bian)餐(can)外(wai)筵席用菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)已(yi)(yi)十(shi)分豐盛(sheng)。1 843年上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)被迫(po)對外(wai)開埠后,外(wai)國資(zi)本主(zhu)義侵入也刺(ci)激了(le)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)民族工商業的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)飲食(shi)業迅速繁榮起來(lai)。全市大(da)(da)街小(xiao)巷(xiang)店(dian)(dian)攤成群。據1 876年出(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)《滬游雜記》記載(zai),當時(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)從小(xiao)東門(men)到南京路已(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)百(bai)家之多(duo)。那(nei)時(shi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)不同類型(xing)(xing)(xing):第一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong),許多(duo)中(zhong)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)店(dian)(dian)都經(jing)(jing)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)濟實(shi)(shi)惠(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)便(bian)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)便(bian)飯(fan)(fan)(fan),同時(shi)兼營(ying)少數炒(chao)(chao)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。如(ru)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)早(zao)(zao)期出(chu)名的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)眾(zhong)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)炒(chao)(chao)肉百(bai)葉、咸肉豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)、肉絲黃豆(dou)(dou)湯(tang)、草魚(yu)(yu)粉皮、八(ba)寶辣醬、炒(chao)(chao)三(san)鮮、全家福等(deng)(deng)(deng)。還(huan)(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)“客飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(一(yi)(yi)(yi)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)湯(tang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)碗飯(fan)(fan)(fan)),食(shi)者眾(zhong)多(duo)。第二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些大(da)(da)中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan),以(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)炒(chao)(chao)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和(he)(he)(he)“和(he)(he)(he)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”為主(zhu)。和(he)(he)(he)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)首創,它是(shi)把冷盤、熱(re)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、大(da)(da)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和(he)(he)(he)湯(tang)配成一(yi)(yi)(yi)組(zu)供(gong)應,花樣(yang)(yang)多(duo),又(you)比(bi)較實(shi)(shi)惠(hui)(hui),當時(shi)十(shi)分盛(sheng)行(xing)。和(he)(he)(he)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格有(you)(you)(you)高有(you)(you)(you)低,最高的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)銀洋1 O元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),有(you)(you)(you)八(ba)大(da)(da)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、八(ba)小(xiao)碗、十(shi)六圍碟、四(si)熱(re)葷、四(si)點心。大(da)(da)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)排翅、燕(yan)窩、掛爐鴨(ya)、桂魚(yu)(yu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。還(huan)(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)8元(yuan)、6元(yuan)、4元(yuan)、2元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de),顧客可任意選擇。第三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些大(da)(da)店(dian)(dian)名菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan),以(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)筵席和(he)(he)(he)高檔名菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為主(zhu)。這種(zhong)(zhong)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)規模大(da)(da)、設備好、餐(can)廳高雅,如(ru)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)最早(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)本地(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)秦和(he)(he)(he)酒(jiu)樓、鴻運(yun)樓(上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)圖)、大(da)(da)中(zhong)園等(deng)(deng)(deng),當時(shi)他們經(jing)(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要名菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)燒(shao)鴨(ya)、紅燒(shao)魚(yu)(yu)翅、三(san)絲魚(yu)(yu)翅、蔥油海(hai)(hai)參、清蒸鰣(shi)魚(yu)(yu)、八(ba)寶鴨(ya)、清湯(tang)鮑魚(yu)(yu)、一(yi)(yi)(yi)品燕(yan)窩、蛤蜊(li)黃魚(yu)(yu)羹、蝦(xia)腦豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)、酒(jiu)席中(zhong)海(hai)(hai)錯山(shan)珍樣(yang)(yang)樣(yang)(yang)都有(you)(you)(you),還(huan)(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)“魚(yu)(yu)翅席”、 “海(hai)(hai)參席”等(deng)(deng)(deng)高貴筵席。可見(jian)(jian),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)發展(zhan)到較高的(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)。當時(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要特點是(shi):取用本地(di)魚(yu)(yu)蝦(xia)和(he)(he)(he)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)特產為原料(liao),烹調上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)紅燒(shao)、蒸、煨(wei)、炸、糟、生(sheng)煸(bian)見(jian)(jian)長,菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)肴濃油赤醬,量大(da)(da)質優(you),講究實(shi)(shi)惠(hui)(hui),湯(tang)鹵則醇(chun)厚不膩,咸淡(dan)適口(kou),具有(you)(you)(you)濃厚的(de)(de)(de)江南水鄉風味。
3、各(ge)地(di)風(feng)味菜館在滬陸續(xu)出現
清(qing)(qing)朝后(hou)期(qi),在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)本地菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)發(fa)展的(de)(de)同(tong)時,各地飲(yin)食業經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)及其(qi)廚師也(ye)紛紛來(lai)(lai)(lai)滬(hu)(hu),競相開設菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(上(shang)(shang)圖)。最(zui)先(xian)進入(ru)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)是開在(zai)(zai)小東(dong)門的(de)(de)安徽菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),它(ta)既經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)肴,也(ye)兼(jian)湯(tang)面,拿手菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是炒(chao)蟮背、煨海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)等(deng)(deng)(deng),兩個(ge)特(te)別出(chu)名的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是餛飩鴨和大(da)(da)血(xue)湯(tang),一時聞名滬(hu)(hu)上(shang)(shang)。那時主要的(de)(de)安徽菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)萃樓(lou)、同(tong)慶園(yuan)(yuan)、大(da)(da)中華等(deng)(deng)(deng)。在(zai)(zai)安徽菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入(ru)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)同(tong)時,蘇(su)州、無錫(xi)(xi)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)出(chu)現(xian),蘇(su)州、無錫(xi)(xi)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)均以太(tai)湖船菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)著(zhu)稱(cheng),由于(yu)(yu)它(ta)口(kou)味(wei)與上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)相仿,加(jia)上(shang)(shang)蘇(su)錫(xi)(xi)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)滬(hu)(hu)居(ju)多(duo),又以經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)便菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)便飯和河鮮魚類(lei)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)肴為(wei)(wei)主,因(yin)而格(ge)外受到歡(huan)迎,如(ru)創設于(yu)(yu)同(tong)治元年(nian)的(de)(de)同(tong)治老(lao)正(zheng)興(xing)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、三興(xing)園(yuan)(yuan)、得和館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、招商飯店(dian)以及后(hou)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)東(dong)南鴻慶樓(lou)、大(da)(da)加(jia)利、大(da)(da)鴻運酒家等(deng)(deng)(deng),都很有(you)(you)(you)名。到30年(nian)代初(chu)蘇(su)錫(xi)(xi)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已占上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)一半(ban)左右。廣東(dong)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)咸豐(feng)年(nian)間就有(you)(you)(you)杏花樓(lou)、翠必(bi)居(ju),后(hou)來(lai)(lai)(lai)又有(you)(you)(you)粵商大(da)(da)酒樓(lou)、新雅、大(da)(da)三元、東(dong)亞(ya)大(da)(da)酒樓(lou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。寧波菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)來(lai)(lai)(lai)滬(hu)(hu)也(ye)較早(zao)(zao)(zao),如(ru)金陵東(dong)路(lu)鴻運樓(lou)、涌(yong)江狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元樓(lou)、四(si)(si)明狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元樓(lou)等(deng)(deng)(deng),它(ta)們以經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)鮮菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)肴為(wei)(wei)主,也(ye)很受顧(gu)客歡(huan)迎。鎮揚菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)最(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)始于(yu)(yu)光緒年(nian)間,如(ru)漢口(kou)路(lu)老(lao)半(ban)齋;酉樓(lou)、新半(ban)齋酒樓(lou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。京(jing)幫最(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)會賓(bin)樓(lou)、悅(yue)賓(bin)樓(lou)、太(tai)白樓(lou)、珊家園(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。四(si)(si)川菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)同(tong)治年(nian)間就有(you)(you)(you),最(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)雅樓(lou)、美(mei)麗慎記、都益處、陶禾春,后(hou)有(you)(you)(you)聚豐(feng)園(yuan)(yuan)、蜀腴(yu)飯店(dian)、梅龍鎮等(deng)(deng)(deng)。河南菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)最(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)有(you)(you)(you)梁園(yuan)(yuan)致(zhi)美(mei)樓(lou),后(hou)有(you)(you)(you)厚福樓(lou)。福建菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)早(zao)(zao)(zao)有(you)(you)(you)小有(you)(you)(you)天,別有(you)(you)(you)天,后(hou)有(you)(you)(you)天樂園(yuan)(yuan)。清(qing)(qing)真館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)始于(yu)(yu)明國(guo)初(chu)期(qi),先(xian)有(you)(you)(you)洪(hong)長興(xing)、宴林春、南來(lai)(lai)(lai)順(shun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。素菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)功德林、春風(feng)松月樓(lou)、玉佛寺(si)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。在(zai)(zai)清(qing)(qing)末(mo)民初(chu)時,已有(you)(you)(you)11個(ge)地方風(feng)味(wei)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)出(chu)現(xian)。從民國(guo)初(chu)期(qi)到30年(nian)代末(mo),又先(xian)后(hou)增加(jia)了(le)杭州菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、潮(chao)州菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、湖南菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)等(deng)(deng)(deng),于(yu)(yu)是形(xing)成了(le)滬(hu)(hu)、蘇(su)、錫(xi)(xi)、寧、徽、粵、京(jing)、川、閩、湘、豫、魯、揚、潮(chao)、清(qing)(qing)真、素菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)l 6個(ge)地方風(feng)味(wei)聚于(yu)(yu)一地的(de)(de)格(ge)局,為(wei)(wei)發(fa)展和豐(feng)富上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)提供(gong)了(le)良好的(de)(de)條件。
(三)現代上海菜發展(zhan)的新(xin)特點
從(cong)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)代到40年(nian)(nian)(nian)代末,這是(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)最繁榮發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)時期(qi)。那時上(shang)(shang)(shang)海本地菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)仍占多(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu),營業興旺,特(te)別(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)酒(jiu)席(xi)十分吃香(xiang)。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)價格便宜,菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)量較多(duo)(duo),加上(shang)(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個現代化的(de)(de)(de)大城市,來滬者都要(yao)品(pin)嘗一(yi)(yi)番(fan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)滬設宴請客多(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)中(zhong)舉辦(ban),因而(er)生意很好,與上(shang)(shang)(shang)海菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)蘇(su)州、無錫菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)如(ru)此。由于(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)不斷(duan)吸取外地菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)處,特(te)別(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)與蘇(su)州、無錫菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)逐(zhu)漸(jian)形(xing)成一(yi)(yi)體,使上(shang)(shang)(shang)海菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)更加具有(you)江南水鄉(xiang)風昧特(te)色。首先是(shi)(shi)講(jiang)究選料(liao)新鮮(xian),取用(yong)四季(ji)時令蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蝦(xia)(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)江浙(zhe)兩省為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,取活(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang),一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)四季(ji)有(you)活(huo)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)陳設于(yu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水池內,供客選擇,當(dang)場(chang)活(huo)殺烹(peng)制(zhi)。第二(er),菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)肴(yao)品(pin)種眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo),四季(ji)有(you)別(bie)(bie)。如(ru)春季(ji)有(you)生煸(bian)(bian)草頭、生煸(bian)(bian)枸杞(qi)頭、竹筍枸杞(qi)、生煸(bian)(bian)豆苗、刀魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、回魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)等;夏季(ji)有(you)清(qing)炒(chao)鱔糊、清(qing)蒸鰣(shi)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、水晶蝦(xia)(xia)仁等;秋冬(dong)季(ji)節名菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)更多(duo)(duo),如(ru)菊花蟹(xie)斗、炒(chao)蟹(xie)粉(fen)、炒(chao)蟹(xie)黃油、蟹(xie)粉(fen)獅子(zi)頭、冰糖(tang)甲魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、油醬毛蟹(xie)、紅澆圈(quan)(quan)子(zi)、蝦(xia)(xia)子(zi)大烏(wu)參(can)、冬(dong)筍腌鮮(xian)、砂鍋大魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭、青魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)香(xiang)肺、清(qing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)巴劃水等等。第三,在(zai)烹(peng)調方法上(shang)(shang)(shang),上(shang)(shang)(shang)海菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)原(yuan)料(liao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)、蒸、煨、窩、炒(chao)并(bing)重,逐(zhu)漸(jian)轉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)、生煸(bian)(bian)、滑(hua)炒(chao)、蒸為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo),其中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)生煸(bian)(bian)、滑(hua)炒(chao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最多(duo)(duo),特(te)別(bie)(bie)擅長(chang)于(yu)四季(ji)河鮮(xian)烹(peng)制(zhi)。第四,口味(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)有(you)了很大變化。原(yuan)來上(shang)(shang)(shang)海菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)濃湯、濃汁厚昧為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,后來逐(zhu)步變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鹵汁適(shi)中(zhong)、清(qing)淡素雅,也(ye)有(you)濃油赤(chi)醬。在(zai)烹(peng)制(zhi)紅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)圈(quan)(quan)子(zi)、紅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)肉及(ji)紅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)類菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)肴(yao)時,仍重用(yong)調味(wei),濃油赤(chi)醬,以(yi)(yi)(yi)使食物鮮(xian)而(er)和昧。對于(yu)炒(chao)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)均采(cai)用(yong)滑(hua)炒(chao),講(jiang)究鮮(xian)嫩(nen)、色白、咸淡適(shi)口。特(te)別(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)夏秋季(ji)節的(de)(de)(de)糟(zao)(zao)味(wei)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)肴(yao),如(ru)糟(zao)(zao)雞、糟(zao)(zao)豬爪、糟(zao)(zao)肚、糟(zao)(zao)豬舌、糟(zao)(zao)青魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)等菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)肴(yao),香(xiang)味(wei)濃郁(yu),頗(po)有(you)特(te)色,同過去早期(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)已有(you)很大不同,表現出(chu)融匯諸昧之長(chang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)不斷(duan)完善自我發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)趨勢。
與(yu)此同時,許(xu)多(duo)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)風(feng)味(wei)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)情(qing)況(kuang)也發生不斷變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)。在經(jing)營(ying)(ying)上(shang)(shang)(shang)除了(le)(le)(le)少(shao)(shao)數處于(yu)(yu)鬧市地(di)(di)(di)區大店(dian)名店(dian)生意較(jiao)好外,其他(ta)(ta)不少(shao)(shao)各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)不理想(xiang),顧客(ke)(ke)較(jiao)少(shao)(shao),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)大批滬地(di)(di)(di)顧客(ke)(ke)多(duo)來自(zi)(zi)江浙兩省,他(ta)(ta)們(men)都喜歡(huan)到(dao)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)餐,很少(shao)(shao)到(dao)外地(di)(di)(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)餐。在30年(nian)代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期,上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)和蘇(su)州(zhou)、無錫(xi)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)酒席盛(sheng)行,而在廣(guang)東(dong)、福建、四川等(deng)一些(xie)(xie)(xie)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)酒席較(jiao)少(shao)(shao),尤其是廣(guang)東(dong)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)辦的(de)(de)(de)筵席,雖然(ran)花色好看(kan),但菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)數量少(shao)(shao),調味(wei)單一,烹調上(shang)(shang)(shang)偏生嫩,菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)肴滋味(wei)沒有上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)入(ru)味(wei),由(you)于(yu)(yu)他(ta)(ta)們(men)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)上(shang)(shang)(shang)不適(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)特(te)(te)(te)點,所(suo)(suo)以許(xu)多(duo)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)適(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)當地(di)(di)(di)消(xiao)費者(zhe)需要(yao),便紛紛學(xue)習上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)做法,改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)了(le)(le)(le)自(zi)(zi)己某些(xie)(xie)(xie)操作方(fang)法與(yu)調味(wei)用料,如上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)粵菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)借用西菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)烹制昌魚、吉利(li)明(ming)蝦等(deng),以逐漸適(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)費特(te)(te)(te)點,這(zhe)(zhe)樣就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)出現了(le)(le)(le)所(suo)(suo)謂各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)派(pai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”,實際(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)外地(di)(di)(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)既能適(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)消(xiao)費特(te)(te)(te)點,又能適(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)外地(di)(di)(di)來客(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)風(feng)味(wei)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)。事(shi)實上(shang)(shang)(shang),到(dao)40年(nian)代(dai)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)多(duo)數已(yi)被滬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)所(suo)(suo)代(dai)替,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)一個組成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)和外地(di)(di)(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)長(chang)期共存(cun)相(xiang)互影響,使(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(包括蘇(su)州(zhou)、無錫(xi)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai))吸收(shou)了(le)(le)(le)各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)點:而外地(di)(di)(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)逐漸同化(hua)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)具(ju)有適(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)特(te)(te)(te)點的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)風(feng)味(wei)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)。使(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)從(cong)原(yuan)來本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)(shang)逐漸發展形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)和蘇(su)州(zhou)、無錫(xi)江南水鄉風(feng)昧為(wei)(wei)主體(ti)并(bing)兼有各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)風(feng)味(wei)的(de)(de)(de)一個地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)風(feng)味(wei)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。40年(nian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)館(guan)(guan)林立,名菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)云(yun)集(ji),山珍(zhen)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)味(wei)集(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)內外之精華。40年(nian)代(dai)出版的(de)(de)(de)《上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)市場大觀(guan)》曾以“吃(chi)在上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)”為(wei)(wei)題(ti),系(xi)統地(di)(di)(di)介(jie)紹了(le)(le)(le)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)(te)(te)點與(yu)不同風(feng)味(wei)。全國各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)報(bao)紙曾稱贊說: “上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)是吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)世界。”總之,上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在適(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)求生存(cun)、趨(qu)時中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)求發展、開拓(tuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)革創新的(de)(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)系(xi)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格以適(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)、趨(qu)時、開拓(tuo)為(wei)(wei)主要(yao)特(te)(te)(te)征。