地母娘娘即后(hou)(hou)土,也稱地姥娘娘、地母元君(jun)、虛空地母至尊(zun)、后(hou)(hou)土夫人。天(tian)(tian)(tian)地動靜,陰陽(yang)互根。天(tian)(tian)(tian)欲化物,陰陽(yang)交合(he),上取天(tian)(tian)(tian)精(jing)(jing),下取地精(jing)(jing),陰陽(yang)孕化,氣運成塵,塵有玄道,精(jing)(jing)微(wei)聚合(he),漸始初生(sheng),生(sheng)生(sheng)之類,人立其中。女(nv)媧為(wei)鳳,玄始天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun),補天(tian)(tian)(tian)造人,確(que)立婚(hun)姻。后(hou)(hou)土神(shen)的(de)產生(sheng),源(yuan)于古人自(zi)然(ran)崇(chong)拜中的(de)土地與女(nv)性崇(chong)拜,大約在唐朝(公元618年)以后(hou)(hou),民(min)間乃稱為(wei)后(hou)(hou)土(tu)娘娘。宋代以后(hou)(hou),道(dao)教列為(wei)四御尊神(shen)之(zhi)一(yi),執掌陰陽生(sheng)育、萬物(wu)之(zhi)美與山川之(zhi)秀,道(dao)觀并(bing)設后(hou)(hou)土(tu)殿。民(min)間建后(hou)(hou)土(tu)娘娘祠,每年農(nong)歷十月十八日(ri)相傳是(shi)后(hou)(hou)土(tu)娘娘圣(sheng)誕日(ri),隆重祭祀(si)之(zhi)。她被稱為(wei)大地(di)之(zhi)母,是(shi)最早的(de)地(di)上之(zhi)王(wang)。
拜地母娘娘可求什么?
千百年(nian)來,民眾(zhong)為了(le)生存達到豐衣(yi)足食、安居樂業之目的(de),建廟塑像(xiang)祭祀地母,以求賜福(fu)滅災,給眾(zhong)生帶來吉(ji)祥康(kang)泰(tai)。敬(jing)奉(feng)祈祀地母神已成為歷代民眾(zhong)極(ji)為虔誠(cheng)的(de)宗教(jiao)信(xin)仰之盛舉。
地母娘娘祭祀
地母祭,又稱(cheng)“祭土主”,是梁河一帶阿昌族為祭祀先祖遮帕麻和遮米瑪而舉行的民間宗教節日,一年舉行3次(ci),分別(bie)在農歷二月馬日,五(wu)(wu)月廿八日,六(liu)月廿五(wu)(wu)日。第(di)一次(ci)祭(ji)祀祈(qi)求先祖(zu)保佑子民平安,第(di)二次(ci)祭(ji)祀祈(qi)求先祖(zu)保佑六(liu)畜興旺,第(di)三(san)次(ci)祭(ji)祀祈(qi)求先祖(zu)保佑五(wu)(wu)谷豐登。祭(ji)日要停工一天(tian),禁動土、舂米(mi)、外(wai)人進寨(zhai)。
立誓永遠(yuan)保佑(you)藏土的(de)十二尊(zun)(zun)主(zhu)要地(di)祇女(nv)(nv)神(shen)(shen):遐邇名揚地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、頁巖(yan)孚佑(you)地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、普(pu)賢地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、魔后(hou)地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)為(wei)四魔女(nv)(nv)神(shen)(shen);獨具支(zhi)眼(yan)地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、賢德明妃地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、剛烈尊(zun)(zun)勝地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、白衣(yi)龍后(hou)地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)為(wei)四藥叉(cha)女(nv)(nv)神(shen)(shen);藏土孚佑(you)地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、太(tai)一濟世地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、麗質冰心地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、翠聰綠炬地(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)為(wei)四女(nv)(nv)醫神(shen)(shen)。
地母娘娘象征意義
地(di)母神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、大地(di)之母或(huo)母神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是指(zhi)專司繁殖力(li)(li)及象征大地(di)恩惠的(de)女神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)范疇(chou)中(zhong)并(bing)不(bu)是所有(you)的(de)女神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)都能(neng)(neng)被(bei)稱呼為地(di)母神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。在(zai)(zai)世界各地(di)的(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話里,能(neng)(neng)被(bei)歸類(lei)為地(di)母神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)祇(zhi)在(zai)(zai)其神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話體(ti)系中(zhong)都是強(qiang)力(li)(li)母權(quan)的(de)掌握者。在(zai)(zai)性力(li)(li)派中(zhong)各女神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是她化(hua)身。有(you)些女性主義者相信(xin)(xin)信(xin)(xin)仰(yang)宗教的(de)男(nan)性希望透過丑化(hua)這些女性神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)祇(zhi)從而以另(ling)一個(ge)男(nan)性神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)去取代異(yi)性的(de)主權(quan)。
地母廟
地母廟(miao)位于省級名勝南沙河(he)風景區(qu)內(nei)的佛教圣地五(wu)郎(lang)關,距縣(xian)城(cheng)約20公(gong)里,相關(guan)古建筑有“回(hui)龍寺”,大雄寶殿(dian)等。五(wu)座大殿(dian)雕梁畫棟、飛(fei)檐翹角、琉(liu)璃綠瓦(wa)、龍纏(chan)紅(hong)柱,在蒼松古柏掩映(ying)下顯(xian)得雄壯巍峨,金碧輝煌(huang)。
城固地母(mu)廟興建于東漢獻(xian)帝二年(公(gong)元191年)。距今(jin)已有1800多年,歷(li)朝歷(li)代(dai)民眾虔誠拜竭(jie),香火鼎盛。清代(dai)后期信奉地(di)母(mu)傳入(ru)臺(tai)灣(wan),蜚聲(sheng)海內外,故臺(tai)灣(wan)地(di)區流傳的《地(di)母(mu)經》卷首載有“光緒九(jiu)(jiu)年正月初九(jiu)(jiu)陜(shan)西漢中府城(cheng)固(gu)地(di)母(mu)廟飛(fei)鸞傳經”之說。近年來臺(tai)灣(wan)宗教(jiao)人士和(he)旅游團(tuan)體,頻(pin)繁(fan)前(qian)來城(cheng)固(gu)旅游觀光、尋(xun)根問(wen)祖(zu),拜竭(jie)地(di)母(mu)圣(sheng)神。
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