地(di)(di)母(mu)娘娘即(ji)后土,也稱地(di)(di)姥娘娘、地(di)(di)母(mu)元君、虛空地(di)(di)母(mu)至(zhi)尊、后土夫人(ren)(ren)。天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)動靜,陰陽互根。天(tian)(tian)欲化(hua)物,陰陽交合,上取天(tian)(tian)精,下取地(di)(di)精,陰陽孕化(hua),氣(qi)運(yun)成塵,塵有(you)玄道,精微聚合,漸始(shi)初生(sheng)(sheng),生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)之類,人(ren)(ren)立(li)其中(zhong)(zhong)。女媧(wa)為鳳(feng),玄始(shi)天(tian)(tian)尊,補(bu)天(tian)(tian)造(zao)人(ren)(ren),確立(li)婚姻(yin)。后土神(shen)的產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng),源于古人(ren)(ren)自然崇拜(bai)中(zhong)(zhong)的土地(di)(di)與女性崇拜(bai),大約(yue)在唐朝(公(gong)元618年)以后(hou)(hou),民(min)間(jian)乃稱為(wei)后(hou)(hou)土(tu)娘娘。宋代以后(hou)(hou),道教列為(wei)四(si)御尊神(shen)之一,執掌陰(yin)陽生育、萬物之美(mei)與山川之秀,道觀并設后(hou)(hou)土(tu)殿。民(min)間(jian)建后(hou)(hou)土(tu)娘娘祠,每年農歷十(shi)月十(shi)八日相傳(chuan)是后(hou)(hou)土(tu)娘娘圣誕日,隆重祭祀之。她被稱為(wei)大地(di)之母,是最早的地(di)上(shang)之王(wang)。
拜地母娘娘可求什么?
千百年來,民眾為(wei)了生(sheng)存(cun)達到豐衣足食、安居樂(le)業之目的,建廟塑像(xiang)祭祀(si)地母(mu)(mu),以求賜福滅災,給眾生(sheng)帶來吉祥康泰。敬奉(feng)祈祀(si)地母(mu)(mu)神已成(cheng)為(wei)歷代民眾極為(wei)虔(qian)誠的宗教信仰(yang)之盛舉(ju)。
地母娘娘祭祀
地母祭,又(you)稱(cheng)“祭土主”,是梁河一帶阿昌族為祭祀先祖遮帕麻和遮米瑪而舉行的民間宗教節日,一年舉行3次,分別在(zai)農歷二(er)月馬日(ri),五月廿八日(ri),六(liu)月廿五日(ri)。第(di)一(yi)次祭(ji)祀祈(qi)(qi)求(qiu)先(xian)(xian)祖(zu)(zu)保佑子民平安,第(di)二(er)次祭(ji)祀祈(qi)(qi)求(qiu)先(xian)(xian)祖(zu)(zu)保佑六(liu)畜興(xing)旺,第(di)三次祭(ji)祀祈(qi)(qi)求(qiu)先(xian)(xian)祖(zu)(zu)保佑五谷豐(feng)登。祭(ji)日(ri)要停(ting)工一(yi)天,禁(jin)動土(tu)、舂米、外人進(jin)寨。
立誓(shi)永遠保佑藏(zang)土的十(shi)二尊主要地(di)(di)(di)(di)祇女神(shen):遐(xia)邇名揚地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)、頁巖孚佑地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)、普賢(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)、魔后地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)等為(wei)四魔女神(shen);獨具支眼(yan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)、賢(xian)(xian)德明妃地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)、剛烈尊勝(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)、白衣龍(long)后地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)等為(wei)四藥叉女神(shen);藏(zang)土孚佑地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)、太一濟世地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)、麗質冰心(xin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)、翠聰綠炬(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)等為(wei)四女醫(yi)神(shen)。
地母娘娘象征意義
地(di)(di)母(mu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、大地(di)(di)之(zhi)母(mu)或母(mu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)指專(zhuan)司繁殖力及象征大地(di)(di)恩惠的(de)女(nv)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),在這個(ge)范疇中(zhong)并不是(shi)所有(you)的(de)女(nv)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)都(dou)能被稱呼為地(di)(di)母(mu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。在世界(jie)各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)的(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話里(li),能被歸類為地(di)(di)母(mu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)祇在其神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話體系中(zhong)都(dou)是(shi)強(qiang)力母(mu)權的(de)掌握者(zhe)。在性力派中(zhong)各(ge)(ge)女(nv)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)她(ta)化(hua)身。有(you)些女(nv)性主(zhu)義者(zhe)相信信仰宗教的(de)男(nan)性希望(wang)透過丑化(hua)這些女(nv)性神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)祇從而以另一(yi)個(ge)男(nan)性神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)去取(qu)代異(yi)性的(de)主(zhu)權。
地母廟
地母廟位于省(sheng)級名勝南(nan)沙河風景區內的佛教圣地五郎關(guan),距縣城約20公里,相關古(gu)建筑有“回龍寺”,大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿等。五座大(da)殿雕梁(liang)畫棟、飛檐(yan)翹角、琉璃綠(lv)瓦、龍纏紅柱,在蒼松古(gu)柏(bo)掩映(ying)下顯得(de)雄(xiong)壯巍峨,金(jin)碧輝煌。
城(cheng)固地(di)母廟興建于東漢獻(xian)帝(di)二年(公元191年)。距今已有1800多年,歷朝(chao)歷代(dai)民眾虔(qian)誠(cheng)拜竭,香火鼎盛。清(qing)代(dai)后期(qi)信奉地母(mu)傳(chuan)(chuan)入臺灣,蜚聲海內外,故臺灣地區流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)的(de)《地母(mu)經》卷首載有(you)“光(guang)緒(xu)九(jiu)年正月初(chu)九(jiu)陜西漢中府城固地母(mu)廟飛鸞傳(chuan)(chuan)經”之(zhi)說。近年來臺灣宗教人士(shi)和旅游團體(ti),頻繁(fan)前來城固旅游觀光(guang)、尋根(gen)問祖,拜竭地母(mu)圣(sheng)神(shen)。
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