南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)長生大帝,又名玉(yu)清真王(wang),為元(yuan)始天(tian)王(wang)九(jiu)子。中國(guo)民間(jian)信仰的神仙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一。四御之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一。并非(fei)南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)仙翁和老壽星。言南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)星自旋轉而不動移,發(fa)奇明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光芒(mang)(極(ji)(ji)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)紅光),位南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)吸引眾星之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)。全稱“高上(shang)神(shen)霄(xiao)玉(yu)(yu)清(qing)真(zhen)王長生大帝統天(tian)元圣天(tian)尊”,居高上(shang)神(shen)霄(xiao)玉(yu)(yu)清(qing)府(fu),簡稱神(shen)霄(xiao)玉(yu)(yu)府(fu)。
南(nan)(nan)極長生(sheng)大(da)帝(di)可說是元(yuan)(yuan)始天(tian)尊(zun)之元(yuan)(yuan)神分(fen)身,并不是民間俗稱(cheng)的老(lao)壽星或南(nan)(nan)極老(lao)人(ren)。執掌(zhang)和四時氣候(hou)運化,能呼風喚雨,役使(shi)雷(lei)電鬼(gui)神,亦(yi)控制萬(wan)物(wu)禍福生(sheng)發之樞機。上坐(zuo)掌(zhang)神霄府號玉(yu)清真(zhen)王(wang),總攬三十二天(tian)八區,而號統天(tian)元(yuan)(yuan)圣天(tian)尊(zun)。于浩劫中能濟度群生(sheng),普化眾生(sheng)。九天(tian)應元(yuan)(yuan)雷(lei)聲普化天(tian)尊(zun)為(wei)其化身,為(wei)雷(lei)霆神部之根祖(zu)。同時位列神霄九宸(chen)大(da)帝(di)之首。
南極長(chang)生大(da)帝,協助玉皇執掌人間壽夭禍福,其職責是執掌人間生命的長短。傳說經常供奉這位仙神,可以使人健康長壽。
據道經《高(gao)(gao)上(shang)九霄(xiao)玉(yu)清大(da)梵紫微玄都雷霆玉(yu)經》稱元(yuan)始天(tian)王(wang)(wang)“第九子(zi)(zi)位為高(gao)(gao)上(shang)神(shen)霄(xiao)玉(yu)清真王(wang)(wang)長生大(da)帝,專(zhuan)制九霄(xiao)三(san)十(shi)六天(tian),三(san)十(shi)六天(tian)尊(zun)統(tong)領”。同(tong)時,《高(gao)(gao)上(shang)神(shen)霄(xiao)玉(yu)清真王(wang)(wang)紫書大(da)法》卷一(yi)《元(yuan)始八子(zi)(zi)封職》中對南極長生大(da)帝的神(shen)職亦有記載,謂(wei)南極長生大(da)帝任(ren)高(gao)(gao)上(shang)神(shen)霄(xiao)玉(yu)清王(wang)(wang),職太(tai)陽九炁玉(yu)賢(xian)君、玉(yu)清保仙王(wang)(wang),諱混洞,字曜華。
《八帝(di)封號官職位》中亦稱:“第(di)一子任神霄玉清天王,綽(chuo)霄太平(ping)應化道主大(da)帝(di),遙(yao)領扶桑太陽九(jiu)炁神君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。南(nan)極(ji)(ji)長生大(da)帝(di)主南(nan)方,執(zhi)掌人間壽(shou)(shou)福之事。下有南(nan)極(ji)(ji)上宰,廣壽(shou)(shou)仙翁;南(nan)極(ji)(ji)六司,延壽(shou)(shou)星(xing)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun);南(nan)極(ji)(ji)福星(xing),天德星(xing)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun);南(nan)極(ji)(ji)祿星(xing),天佑星(xing)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun);南(nan)極(ji)(ji)壽(shou)(shou)星(xing),老人星(xing)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)等神仙。此誥(gao),《道藏》第(di)五冊《諸師真(zhen)誥(gao)》稱《神霄誥(gao)》。
志心皈命禮
高上神霄府,凝(ning)神煥照(zhao)宮。會元(yuan)始祖炁以分(fen)真,應妙道虛無而開(kai)化(hua)。位(wei)乎九(jiu)霄之(zhi)上,統(tong)理諸天(tian)。總(zong)乎十極之(zhi)中,宰(zai)制萬化(hua)。宣(xuan)金符而垂光濟苦,施(shi)惠(hui)澤(ze)而覆育(yu)兆(zhao)民。恩溥(pu)乾元(yuan),仁敷(fu)浩劫。大(da)(da)悲(bei)大(da)(da)愿(yuan),大(da)(da)圣(sheng)大(da)(da)慈。玉清真王,南極長生大(da)(da)帝,統(tong)天(tian)元(yuan)圣(sheng)天(tian)尊。
(1)南極寶誥:南極,指南極長生大帝。為上帝之長子,主南方,執掌人間壽福之事。下有南極上宰,廣壽仙翁;南(nan)極(ji)(ji)六司,延(yan)壽星(xing)(xing)(xing)君(jun);南(nan)極(ji)(ji)福星(xing)(xing)(xing),天德星(xing)(xing)(xing)君(jun);南(nan)極(ji)(ji)祿星(xing)(xing)(xing),天佑星(xing)(xing)(xing)君(jun);南(nan)極(ji)(ji)壽星(xing)(xing)(xing),老人星(xing)(xing)(xing)君(jun)等(deng)神仙。此誥,《道(dao)藏》第五(wu)冊《諸師真誥》稱《神霄誥》。
(2)高(gao)(gao)上神(shen)(shen)(shen)霄府,凝(ning)神(shen)(shen)(shen)煥(huan)照(zhao)宮(gong):高(gao)(gao)上,高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)在上。形容很高(gao)(gao)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)霄,謂天的最高(gao)(gao)層。《道法會元》卷七十六稱(cheng):“神(shen)(shen)(shen)霄府,乃真(zhen)王(wang)(玉(yu)清真(zhen)王(wang),即南極(ji)長(chang)生大帝)所(suo)治,在于東(dong)南指位(wei),其卿師使(shi)相贊輔玄化,雷霆(ting)玉(yu)經言(yan)之詳矣。”可見,神(shen)(shen)(shen)霄府乃南極(ji)長(chang)生大帝所(suo)治之處。凝(ning)神(shen)(shen)(shen),聚(ju)精會神(shen)(shen)(shen),精神(shen)(shen)(shen)凝(ning)定不浮散。亦(yi)有(you)解為“凝(ning)聚(ju)眾神(shen)(shen)(shen)“,云分(fen)治統領眾神(shen)(shen)(shen)。煥(huan)照(zhao),光彩照(zhao)人。此(ci)言(yan)靜心修煉,自然(ran)會光芒四射照(zhao)亮整個宮(gong)闕。
(3)會(hui)元(yuan)始(shi)祖(zu)炁(qi)(qi)以分真(zhen),應妙道虛(xu)(xu)(xu)無而開化(hua)(hua):會(hui),聚合(he)、回合(he)。元(yuan)始(shi)祖(zu)炁(qi)(qi),指先天(tian)(tian)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)無自然之(zhi)妙炁(qi)(qi)。分真(zhen),分化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)真(zhen)。南極將(jiang)元(yuan)始(shi)天(tian)(tian)尊之(zhi)先天(tian)(tian)祖(zu)炁(qi)(qi)分化(hua)(hua)與眾神,使一炁(qi)(qi)領一方(元(yuan)始(shi)八帝(di))。應,隨。妙道虛(xu)(xu)(xu)無,即虛(xu)(xu)(xu)無的玄妙之(zhi)道。開化(hua)(hua),原(yuan)指啟蒙、教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)。此指開度教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)世人。
(4)位(wei)乎(hu)九(jiu)霄之上(shang),統(tong)(tong)理諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian):位(wei)乎(hu),位(wei)于(yu)。九(jiu)霄,謂九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)最(zui)高處。統(tong)(tong)理諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian),南(nan)極長(chang)生大帝,為上(shang)帝(當為元(yuan)(yuan)始天(tian)(tian)(tian)王也(ye))之長(chang)子,主南(nan)方(fang),以南(nan)極六司執(zhi)掌諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)之壽(shou)福,故言“統(tong)(tong)理諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)”。應(ying)號“統(tong)(tong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)元(yuan)(yuan)圣天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊”。
(5)總(zong)(zong)乎十極之中(zhong),宰(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)萬(wan)化(hua):總(zong)(zong)乎,總(zong)(zong)合。十極,即十方(fang)。指東(dong)、南(nan)、西、北、東(dong)南(nan)、西南(nan)、東(dong)北、西北、上、下十個(ge)方(fang)位(wei)。宰(zai)制(zhi)(zhi),統掇、支配(pei)。萬(wan)化(hua),萬(wan)物的生長(chang)和變(bian)化(hua)。
(6)宣金符而垂光濟苦,施惠澤而覆育兆民:宣,宣播。金符,即神符。道教驅役鬼神以至人神合一的秘文,即符命也。垂光,垂猶言“俯”,用為敬詞。光,通“廣”。濟苦,濟度苦難。補《上清靈寶大法·卷四十六》曰:“神霄玉簡,三天符命,上開八門三十六獄。”因此若作符命解,則言超拔救苦之功。《上清靈寶大法》始于北宋林靈素所撰,如此也解得通。施,給予。惠(hui)澤(ze),惠(hui)通“慧(hui)”,指(zhi)智慧(hui);澤(ze)原(yuan)指(zhi)雨露(lu)(lu),此(ci)引申為恩澤(ze)。其實亦可言“恩惠(hui)雨露(lu)(lu)”,因神霄(xiao)本雷府之(zhi)統,其功深(shen)廣(guang)。覆育,指(zhi)天地養育萬物(wu)。兆(zhao)民(min),指(zhi)眾(zhong)百姓(xing)。兆(zhao),極言其多。
(7)恩(en)溥乾元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),仁敷浩劫(jie):恩(en)溥,恩(en)澤廣(guang)大。乾元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),原為《周易(yi)》用語,“坤元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”的對稱。《易(yi)·乾》:“彖(tuàn)曰:大哉乾元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)!萬物(wu)資始,乃統天。”孔穎達疏:“乾是(shi)卦名,元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)乾德(de)之(“乾”有(you)“元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)亨利(li)貞”四德(de))故(gu)以元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)德(de)配(pei)乾釋之。”此(ci)指(zhi)大德(de)。仁敷,仁慈。浩劫(jie),大災(zai)難(nan)。
(8)大(da)(da)悲大(da)(da)愿(yuan)(yuan),大(da)(da)圣(sheng)大(da)(da)慈(ci)(ci):大(da)(da)悲,指(zhi)悲憫世人。大(da)(da)愿(yuan)(yuan),濟度眾(zhong)生(sheng)的宏愿(yuan)(yuan)。大(da)(da)圣(sheng),智慧(hui)超凡(fan)、通(tong)真達靈。大(da)(da)慈(ci)(ci),慈(ci)(ci)祥(xiang)呵護(hu)眾(zhong)生(sheng)。此(ci)贊南極長生(sheng)大(da)(da)帝之(zhi)盛德。
(9)玉清(qing)真王(wang),南(nan)(nan)極(ji)長(chang)生(sheng)大(da)帝(di),統天(tian)元圣(sheng)天(tian)尊:此(ci)為南(nan)(nan)極(ji)指(zhi)尊號(hao)(hao)。道(dao)經稱,神(shen)(shen)霄玉清(qing)真王(wang),乃上帝(di)指(zhi)長(chang)子,主南(nan)(nan)方,號(hao)(hao)長(chang)生(sheng)大(da)帝(di)。北宋末出符(fu)箓道(dao)派(pai)神(shen)(shen)霄派(pai),稱其符(fu)法出自“高上神(shen)(shen)霄玉清(qing)真王(wang)”,又號(hao)(hao)南(nan)(nan)極(ji)長(chang)生(sheng)大(da)帝(di)。
志心稱念(nian)統(tong)天(tian)元(yuan)圣天(tian)尊,不可思議功德。
有兩種說法:
其一為元始天王長子之說。據道經《高上神雷玉清真王紫書大法.序(xu)》載(zai):“昔(xi)太空(kong)未(wei)成,元炁(qi)未(wei)生(sheng)(sheng),元始(shi)天(tian)(tian)王(wang)為昊莽溟律大(da)梵之(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu),凝神(shen)結胎,名曰(yue)混(hun)(hun)沌。混(hun)(hun)沌既拆,乃有天(tian)(tian)地。中外之(zhi)(zhi)炁(qi),方名混(hun)(hun)虛。元始(shi)天(tian)(tian)王(wang),運(yun)化開(kai)圖,金容(rong)赫日,玉(yu)(yu)相如天(tian)(tian),陶育妙精,分辟乾(qian)坤(kun)。乃自玉(yu)(yu)京上(shang)山下(xia)游(you)。遇萬炁(qi)祖(zu)母(mu)太玄玉(yu)(yu)極元景自然九天(tian)(tian)上(shang)玄玉(yu)(yu)清(qing)神(shen)母(mu),行上(shang)清(qing)大(da)洞雌(ci)雄三(san)一(yi)混(hun)(hun)化之(zhi)(zhi)道,生(sheng)(sheng)子八人,長曰(yue)南(nan)極長生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)。亦號九龍扶桑(sang)日宮大(da)帝(di)。亦號高上(shang)神(shen)霄(xiao)玉(yu)(yu)清(qing)王(wang)。一(yi)身(shen)三(san)名,其圣一(yi)也(ye)。”
這(zhe)位(wei)真王(wang),凝神金(jin)闕,思念世間一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)眾(zhong)生(sheng)三災八難,一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)眾(zhong)苦(ku)九幽泉酆,一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)罪魂(hun)受(shou)報緣對。又(you)因牿(gu)劫相求,無量(liang)眾(zhong)苦(ku),不舍(she)晝(zhou)夜,生(sheng)死往來,如旋車(che)輪(lun)。故真王(wang)以神通力,憫三界一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)眾(zhong)生(sheng),即(ji)詣玉清(qing)天中元始上帝,金(jin)閥(fa)之下(xia),禮(li)請殷勤,乞問紫微上宮紫玉瓊蕊之笈,于(yu)九霄(xiao)寶箓(lu)之內,請《神霄(xiao)真王(wang)秘法》一(yi)(yi)部(bu)三卷……元始上帝即敕太皇萬福真君(jun)以(yi)《高上神霄玉清真長(chang)生護命秘法》傳付下世。
其二為元始天王第九子之說。
《八(ba)帝(di)封號官職位》中(zhong)有,南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)長(chang)生大帝(di)主南(nan)(nan)方,執(zhi)掌人(ren)間(jian)壽(shou)福之事。下(xia)(xia)有南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)宰廣壽(shou)仙(xian)翁、南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)六(liu)司延壽(shou)星(xing)(xing)(xing)君(jun)、南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)福星(xing)(xing)(xing)天德星(xing)(xing)(xing)君(jun)、南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)祿星(xing)(xing)(xing)天佑星(xing)(xing)(xing)君(jun)、南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)壽(shou)星(xing)(xing)(xing)老人(ren)星(xing)(xing)(xing)君(jun)等(deng)神(shen)仙(xian)。可見,南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)長(chang)生大帝(di)和壽(shou)星(xing)(xing)(xing)老人(ren)不是(shi)同(tong)一神(shen)仙(xian)。在(zai)道教神(shen)仙(xian)信(xin)仰(yang)中(zhong),壽(shou)星(xing)(xing)(xing)老人(ren)屬(shu)于南(nan)(nan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)長(chang)生大帝(di)的(de)下(xia)(xia)屬(shu)神(shen)仙(xian)。
另據(ju)《天(tian)(tian)皇至(zhi)道(dao)(dao)太清玉冊》,在道(dao)(dao)教塑祈壽(shou)(shou)宮(gong)觀殿(dian)內圣(sheng)象(xiang)時,常正面堂(tang)塑長(chang)生大帝,左長(chang)生保(bao)命天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun),右(you)延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)益算天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)為主,兩邊(bian)用(yong)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)二斗(dou)(dou),左南(nan)(nan)斗(dou)(dou)益算,右(you)北(bei)(bei)斗(dou)(dou)延(yan)生,南(nan)(nan)斗(dou)(dou)六尊(zun)(zun),當用(yong)壽(shou)(shou)星(xing)湊七(qi)尊(zun)(zun),以對北(bei)(bei)斗(dou)(dou)。從這里(li)也(ye)(ye)不難(nan)看出,長(chang)生大帝和壽(shou)(shou)星(xing)老人的(de)地位(wei)懸殊,長(chang)生大帝處主位(wei),而壽(shou)(shou)星(xing)老人則(ze)僅僅和南(nan)(nan)斗(dou)(dou)六星(xing)湊成七(qi)尊(zun)(zun),以對北(bei)(bei)斗(dou)(dou)七(qi)元君,也(ye)(ye)同(tong)樣說明長(chang)生大帝不等同(tong)于(yu)壽(shou)(shou)星(xing)老人。
買購網小(xiao)編建議:在規模中等及以上(shang)的(de)道觀往(wang)往(wang)會同時(shi)供(gong)奉(feng)南(nan)極長生大(da)帝、南(nan)極壽老星君,切(qie)莫混淆神仙,甚至冠(guan)以“南(nan)極仙翁”等電(dian)視小說(shuo)的(de)稱呼。傳播正信道教信仰,功德不可思(si)議。