1、電動車應怎樣正確充電?
主要應把握兩個原則:一是要淺放勤充。二是不能過充。注意電瓶車禁止虧電存放,會嚴重影響使用壽命,如果閑置時間越長,蓄電池損壞也越嚴重。【電動車電池壽命有多長】
2、為什么要淺放勤充?
電瓶放電時形成(cheng)硫酸鉛,充(chong)電時把硫酸鉛還(huan)原成(cheng)硫酸和(he)鉛。如果深(shen)度(du)放電或(huo)不(bu)(bu)及時充(chong)電,硫酸鉛就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能還(huan)原,造成(cheng)極板(ban)的硫化(hua)。所以,應作到天天騎,天天充(chong),不(bu)(bu)可深(shen)度(du)放電。
3、充電時間不能過長有什么危害?
充電時間過長會過量消耗電瓶內的水(shui)分,加速極板的硫(liu)化過程,使電瓶因缺水(shui)而容量漸漸下降,直至把電瓶充鼓、報(bao)廢。
4、怎樣把握正確的充電時間?
正(zheng)確的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間為(wei);綠燈(deng)亮了后再浮充(chong)(chong)1—2小時,然(ran)后切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器都沒有(you)過充(chong)(chong)保(bao)護功能(neng)(neng),雖然(ran)綠燈(deng)亮了,但(dan)由于不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),其實(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)仍在繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),繼續分解、蒸發電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)內(nei)的水分。那種“充(chong)(chong)滿(man)了就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)了”的說法是(shi)完(wan)全(quan)沒有(you)科學(xue)道理的。
5、造成電瓶短命的主要原因是什么?
充(chong)電不及(ji)時(shi)和充(chong)電時(shi)間過長是(shi)造(zao)成電瓶短命(ming)的主要原因。
1、故障現象
①首(shou)先檢查(cha)回(hui)路(lu)連接是否(fou)接觸完好,認(ren)真檢查(cha)插(cha)座(zuo)和(he)插(cha)頭(tou)是否(fou)有“打火”燒弧(hu)現象,有無線路(lu)損傷斷(duan)線等。
②檢查充電器有無損壞,充電參數是否符合要求:即初期充電電流達到1.6-2.5A/只;最高充電電壓達到14.8-14.9V/只,充電浮充電轉換電流達0.3-0.4A/只,浮充電壓達到14.0-14.4V/只。【電動車充電器故障維修】
③查看電(dian)池內部是否有干涸現(xian)象,即電(dian)池是否缺液嚴(yan)重。
④還(huan)應檢(jian)(jian)查極板是(shi)(shi)否存在硫化(hua)。極板的不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)逆(ni)硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua),可(ke)(ke)(ke)通過QN--1000初步判斷(duan)(一般放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)在6V以下)然后(hou)用容量檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)儀(yi)測(ce)試,放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間達不(bu)到(dao)規定容量50%的一般是(shi)(shi)出(chu)現不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)逆(ni)硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)。另外,在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)上升特別快(kuai),某(mou)些單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)特別高(gao),超出(chu)正常值(zhi)很(hen)多;放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下降(jiang)特別快(kuai),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池不(bu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)或存電(dian)(dian)(dian)很(hen)少。出(chu)現上述情況,可(ke)(ke)(ke)判斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池出(chu)現不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)逆(ni)硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)。
2、故障的檢查和處理
將電路各部位連接牢固,充電器(qi)不正常的必須進行更(geng)換。電池格內(nei)干涸的應補加(jia)純水進行脈沖修復。
應控制(zhi)配(pei)(pei)組(zu)的(de)三(san)只電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)壓均(jun)在13.4V/只以(yi)上為好。如(ru)果電(dian)池之間電(dian)壓差別(bie)超過0.3V,就(jiu)會(hui)出(chu)現因為不同步(bu)而在使(shi)用過程中繼(ji)續產生(sheng)硫化。所以(yi)要特別(bie)注(zhu)意修(xiu)復后電(dian)池的(de)配(pei)(pei)組(zu)問(wen)題(ti)(特別(bie)是電(dian)摩電(dian)池的(de)用戶)需要更換(huan)的(de)就(jiu)必須更換(huan)!
1、買車(或更換電(dian)池(chi))后(hou),電(dian)池(chi)應該有(you)80%左右的電(dian)量,到家(jia)就(jiu)應該充電(dian),時(shi)間是以充電(dian)器變燈后(hou)再(zai)充4小時(shi)為宜,這樣要三次。
2、以后每天騎(qi)行電動助力車(che),無論10-50km,均(jun)應補充充電,使電池長期(qi)處于“吃飽狀(zhuang)態”,而(er)且當天就充,用完了(le)閑(xian)置(zhi)幾天再充,易出現極板硫化(hua),容量下(xia)降。但是充(chong)電(dian)的時(shi)間不要過長(chang),以(yi)充(chong)電(dian)器變燈后一個小時(shi)為宜。充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)寧可欠充(chong)一些,也(ye)不要過充(chong),否則(ze)電(dian)池會(hui)被充(chong)的因為缺(que)水后,鼓包(bao),腫漲。造成(cheng)對電(dian)池不可補(bu)救的損失。
3、不要讓水(shui)進入(ru)電池(chi)盒內(nei),以造成(cheng)殼體內(nei)電池(chi)聯電。
4、每個月定期一次完全放電(騎到“欠壓”燈亮起),即長距離騎行直到欠壓指示燈閃亮,電量用完,然后充電恢復電池容量,也使您了解到電池當前的容量水平,是否需要經維護保護,然后(hou)連續充電12小時。
5、有條件(jian)的對(dui)(dui)整組電池里的單體對(dui)(dui)調一下,對(dui)(dui)過了質保期的電池(尤其是到了夏天(tian)),每個三,四個月要對(dui)(dui)電池每個單體補(bu)充3-4毫升(sheng)的去(qu)離子(zi)水(純凈水也可(ke))。
6、一旦發現充電器不轉綠燈或一充電就轉綠燈,一定要檢查是不是充電器有問題,或者失水。【電動車充電器一直綠燈或紅燈的解決方法】
7、整組電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的放電(dian)(dian)口(kou)與充電(dian)(dian)口(kou)要隨時保(bao)持清潔,防止接觸(chu)點出現銅銹,造成接觸(chu)不良發生過熱而(er)損壞。
8、有腳(jiao)踏的(de)盡量用腳(jiao)起(qi)步,不要(yao)負荷太大,加速平緩。不要(yao)坐上車就給(gei)電(dian)起(qi)動。
一(yi)組電(dian)瓶在(zai)正(zheng)確充電(dian)和正(zheng)常維護(hu)的情況下,可使用(yong)5年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)。很(hen)多(duo)用(yong)戶只用(yong)1—2年(nian)就換(huan)新(xin)的,主要是充電(dian)不(bu)當造成的,因此,掌握正(zheng)確的充電(dian)方法至關重(zhong)要。記(ji)住電(dian)瓶不(bu)是用(yong)壞的,而(er)是充壞的。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)車(che)(che)的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為36伏(fu),容量(liang)(liang)12安(an)培小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池功率36伏(fu)*12安(an)=432瓦(wa)(wa),電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)車(che)(che)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)機功率有180瓦(wa)(wa)、240瓦(wa)(wa)、350瓦(wa)(wa)等(deng);充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)如按(an)6小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)計,每小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流2安(an)培,每小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)(liang)36伏(fu)*2安(an)*1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)=72瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)=0.072千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)=0.07度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian),6小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)共用0.07度(du)(du)*6=0.42度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian),如加上充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的損(sun)耗20%,一次充(chong)(chong)好電(dian)(dian)(dian)需用0.6度(du)(du)。由于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)同(tong),因(yin)此充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間長短不(bu)同(tong),但總(zong)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)都是0.6度(du)(du)左右!
電動車用電量的基本測算公式
不同的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充一次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)多少其實很(hen)簡單,大家只要根據充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的標識(shi)就(jiu)能輕松算出(chu)來:
以48V/1.5A的充電器為例,如(ru)果充10個小時,則48*1.5*10=720,既0.72度電,合人民幣也就4毛錢(qian),如(ru)果充的時間(jian)少的話就更少。還是很便宜的。
1、首(shou)先不(bu)能超載超重(zhong)行駛(shi),行駛(shi)中發現儀(yi)表顯示電(dian)量不(bu)足(zu)時(shi),要用人(ren)力騎行,因為深度放電(dian)對電(dian)池壽命的損耗(hao)很大。
2、注意充(chong)(chong)電方法(fa)。新電池在第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)充(chong)(chong)電時,時間(jian)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)長,要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證將電充(chong)(chong)足(zu)。對(dui)于鉛酸蓄電池來說,不(bu)(bu)管路(lu)程(cheng)遠近,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)完后都(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)立即充(chong)(chong)電,隨放隨充(chong)(chong),不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)到電量完全耗(hao)盡才去充(chong)(chong)電,如車長期(qi)不(bu)(bu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong),也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證每月補(bu)充(chong)(chong)電一(yi)(yi)次(ci)。這樣既可保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電池,又(you)能延長其使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)。
3、及時充(chong)電(dian)鉛酸蓄電(dian)池的特(te)性應該充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)存放,不要等電(dian)放完了再充(chong),這樣會加(jia)快(kuai)電(dian)池極板的硫(liu)化,使電(dian)池的容量很快(kuai)降低,壽命縮短(duan)。
4、及(ji)時補充液體(ti)(ti)蓄電池是靠一(yi)定(ding)濃度的硫酸溶(rong)液和鉛化學(xue)反(fan)應產生(sheng)電能,一(yi)旦(dan)液體(ti)(ti)不足,使(shi)用中電池很(hen)快會發熱損壞,因此,及(ji)時補充液體(ti)(ti)至關重(zhong)要。
5、盡量避免急剎車,緩(huan)慢加速(su)。盡量保(bao)持中速(su)行駛(shi)中速(su)行駛(shi)最(zui)省電(dian),對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)沖擊最(zui)小。新電(dian)池(chi)以(yi)不超過15公(gong)(gong)里(li)/小時(shi)(shi)的(de)速(su)度,可(ke)以(yi)行駛(shi)60公(gong)(gong)里(li)左右,如果以(yi)25公(gong)(gong)里(li),小時(shi)(shi)的(de)速(su)度,則只(zhi)能行駛(shi)45公(gong)(gong)里(li)左右。
6、不(bu)要在靜止的(de)狀態下直接利用馬達啟(qi)(qi)動車子,最好(hao)用腳踩同時助(zhu)力(li)進行(xing)啟(qi)(qi)動。上橋、上坡、逆風行(xing)駛時務必要用腳踏助(zhu)力(li),以避(bi)免對電池造成(cheng)沖擊性(xing)傷(shang)害,影響電池的(de)續行(xing)里(li)程和使用壽命。
7、行駛中不要突然大幅度加速突然大幅度加速意味著電池強電流放電,不但傷害電池的極板,使電池容量快速下降,壽命縮短,而且還很容易燒毀鑰匙電門(俗稱絲尾子)的開關接點。【詳細】