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一.產品介紹

簡介

西(xi)峽香(xiang)菇(gu)，河南(nan)省南(nan)陽市(shi)西(xi)峽縣特產，中(zhong)國國家地(di)理標(biao)志產品。西(xi)峽香(xiang)菇(gu)品質優，味道好，花菇(gu)率(lv)高，深受消(xiao)費者歡迎，遠銷廣州(zhou)、深圳、福建、浙江、日本、韓國、新加坡、臺灣、香(xiang)港等(deng)地(di)。

種植環境

西峽是(shi)一(yi)個深山縣，自然狀(zhuang)況(kuang)為“八山一(yi)水零點七分田(tian)”，既具有(you)北亞(ya)熱帶(dai)(dai)向暖溫帶(dai)(dai)過(guo)渡的氣候(hou)特點，又有(you)冬季(ji)偏暖地(di)區的氣候(hou)差異。海拔181米(mi)至2212米(mi)，年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫15.1℃，相對濕(shi)度69%，年(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)881.6毫米(mi)。年(nian)均(jun)日照(zhao)2019小時，無霜期(qi)236天，森林覆蓋率76.8%，生態環境優越，適宜多(duo)種類農作物生長，是(shi)香菇生產的黃金(jin)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)。

生產情況

2010年，西峽(xia)縣(xian)(xian)從事香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)種植的(de)(de)農戶(hu)(hu)(hu)達3萬(wan)余戶(hu)(hu)(hu)，超過農戶(hu)(hu)(hu)總數的(de)(de)1/3，年種植規模保持在1億袋左右，年產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)（干(gan)品）3.5萬(wan)噸左右，占全國(guo)(guo)總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)1/10，成為(wei)(wei)“南菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)北(bei)移”后中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)最大的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)。形(xing)成的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)市場年交易(yi)額(e)穩(wen)定在10億元左右，成為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)最大的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)集散地(di)(di)、加工地(di)(di)，每(mei)年從這里(li)運出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)占全中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)干(gan)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)70%以上(shang)、占全中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)近(jin)1/5，由此奠定了全中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)干(gan)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)價格形(xing)成中(zhong)心和出(chu)(chu)口(kou)貨源集散中(zhong)心地(di)(di)位(wei)。西峽(xia)先后被國(guo)(guo)家農業部(bu)等(deng)部(bu)委確定為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)(guo)園藝產(chan)(chan)品出(chu)(chu)口(kou)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)區，被全國(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)菌協會評為(wei)(wei)十佳商品基地(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)、全國(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)菌標準化示(shi)范(fan)(fan)縣(xian)(xian)、全國(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)菌優秀(xiu)基地(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)；通過了國(guo)(guo)家原產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)理保護認證。2009年，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)菌協會授予“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)鄉”稱號。2010年，河(he)南西峽(xia)縣(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)7422噸，出(chu)(chu)口(kou)額(e)11874萬(wan)美元。

產地范圍

西峽(xia)香(xiang)菇(gu)地理(li)標志(zhi)產品保(bao)護范圍為河南省西峽(xia)縣丹(dan)水鎮(zhen)(zhen)、田(tian)關鄉(xiang)、陽城鄉(xiang)、回(hui)車鎮(zhen)(zhen)、五里橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、丁(ding)河鎮(zhen)(zhen)、重陽鄉(xiang)、西坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、寨根(gen)鄉(xiang)、桑(sang)坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石界(jie)河鄉(xiang)、米坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、軍(jun)馬河鎮(zhen)(zhen)、雙龍鎮(zhen)(zhen)、二(er)狼坪鄉(xiang)等(deng)15個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)現轄行政區(qu)域。

專用標志使用

西峽(xia)香菇地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)保護(hu)范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)者，可(ke)向南陽出(chu)入(ru)境檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫局(ju)提出(chu)使用(yong)“地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)專用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)”的(de)(de)申請(qing)，由國家質(zhi)檢(jian)總局(ju)公告批準。

技術要求

（一）菌種。

9608等優質(zhi)香菇菌(jun)種的1、2、3級菌(jun)種。

（二(er)）立體條件。

保護(hu)區范圍(wei)內海拔200m至800m。

（三）原料(liao)要求(qiu)。

1、主料：為殼斗科的(de)麻櫟屬(shu)、青岡(gang)屬(shu)和樺科的(de)樺木(mu)屬(shu)的(de)木(mu)屑。木(mu)屑直徑3mm至8mm，鮮木(mu)屑含水(shui)量40%以下、干木(mu)屑含水(shui)量13%以下，無霉爛、腐(fu)朽、污染。

2、輔料：

（1）麥(mai)麩：無霉變、結(jie)塊、污(wu)染，含水量(liang)13%以(yi)下。

（2）白砂糖：食(shi)用菌糖。

（3）石膏(gao)：生、熟均可，色白，無雜質。

（四）栽培管理。

1、拌料(liao)、裝袋：

（1）栽培(pei)期：2至(zhi)4月生(sheng)產(chan)栽培(pei)。

（2）配(pei)方：木屑78%至(zhi)80%、麥麩18%至(zhi)20%、糖0.8%至(zhi)1%、石膏1%的比例，把料拌勻，兌水(shui)(shui)至(zhi)含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)58%至(zhi)60%。pH值5至(zhi)7。

（3）裝(zhuang)袋：松緊適中、每袋干料1.3kg至1.5kg，栽(zai)培袋濕(shi)重3至3.3kg。

2、常壓滅菌(jun)：料溫整體達到(dao)100℃后，保(bao)持18個小時(shi)以上。

3、接種(zhong)：料(liao)溫下降(jiang)到28℃以下時，在無(wu)菌條件(jian)下接種(zhong)。

4、發(fa)菌：發(fa)菌需(xu)45d至50d，保(bao)持(chi)發(fa)菌室干凈、干燥、暗光、通風，溫度(du)維持(chi)在20℃至25℃，適當刺孔增氧(yang)，注(zhu)意散堆(dui)降溫。

5、越(yue)夏管理(li)：越(yue)夏場(chang)地(di)通(tong)風(feng)向陽、地(di)勢(shi)高(gao)燥、水(shui)源潔凈(jing)、周邊(bian)環境(jing)干凈(jing)、整潔、無污(wu)染。

6、棚架環境要(yao)求及進棚管(guan)理：外棚四周(zhou)要(yao)比內架寬出2米(mi)，遮陰網不少于二(er)層(ceng)，層(ceng)間有(you)35cm至40cm間距。遮陰度(du)60%至70%，溫度(du)在28℃以(yi)下，濕度(du)75%至80%，通風良好。自然轉色，自然養菌，不隨意翻動。150天至180天。

7、出(chu)菇(gu)管理(li)：氣溫(wen)穩定在(zai)20℃以下，10月(yue)中下旬(xun)以后催菇(gu)。菌袋(dai)含水量在(zai)原袋(dai)重(zhong)的80%至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)85%，濕度60%至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)85%，溫(wen)度8℃至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)18℃，溫(wen)差8℃至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)10℃。適(shi)當通風(feng)，保(bao)持空氣新鮮。初(chu)冬出(chu)菇(gu)，保(bao)持半(ban)陰半(ban)陽(yang)；冬季出(chu)菇(gu)，全光(guang)照。

（五）采收與加工。

1、采收(shou)：10月(yue)中(zhong)旬至翌年4月(yue)采收(shou)，采收(shou)標準為子實體7至8成熟。

2、加(jia)工：烘干脫(tuo)水加(jia)工，含水量≤13%。

西(xi)峽香菇的醫用價值

中國不(bu)少古籍中記載香菇“益氣不(bu)饑(ji)，治(zhi)風破血和益胃助食”。民間(jian)用(yong)來助痘瘡、麻疹(zhen)的(de)(de)誘發(fa)，治(zhi)頭痛、頭暈。現代研究證(zheng)明，香菇多糖可調節(jie)人(ren)體(ti)內(nei)有(you)免疫功(gong)能的(de)(de)T細胞活性(xing)，可降低甲基(ji)膽蒽誘發(fa)腫(zhong)瘤的(de)(de)能力。香菇對癌(ai)細胞有(you)強烈的(de)(de)抑(yi)制作(zuo)用(yong)，對小(xiao)白鼠肉瘤180的(de)(de)抑(yi)制率(lv)為97.5%，對艾(ai)氏癌(ai)的(de)(de)抑(yi)制率(lv)為80%。香菇含有(you)雙(shuang)鏈核(he)(he)糖核(he)(he)酸，能誘導產生(sheng)干擾(rao)素，具有(you)抗(kang)病(bing)毒能力。西峽香菇還對糖尿病(bing)、肺(fei)結核(he)(he)、傳染性(xing)肝炎、神經炎等(deng)起治(zhi)療(liao)作(zuo)用(yong)，又可用(yong)于(yu)消(xiao)化(hua)不(bu)良(liang)、便秘(mi)、減肥(fei)等(deng)。

1. 提高(gao)機(ji)體免疫功(gong)能：香(xiang)菇多糖可提高(gao)巨噬(shi)細(xi)(xi)胞的吞噬(shi)功(gong)能，還可促進T淋(lin)巴細(xi)(xi)胞的產生，并提高(gao)T淋(lin)巴細(xi)(xi)胞的殺(sha)傷活性，從(cong)而增強人體體液免疫功(gong)能。

2. 西峽香菇還對糖尿病、肺結(jie)核、傳染性(xing)肝(gan)炎、神經炎等起治療作用，又(you)可用于(yu)消化不(bu)良、便秘(mi)等。

3. 延緩衰老：香菇的水提取(qu)物(wu)對過(guo)氧化(hua)氫有(you)清除作用(yong)，對體內的過(guo)氧化(hua)氫有(you)一定的消除作用(yong)；

4. 降(jiang)血壓(ya)、降(jiang)血脂(zhi)(zhi)、降(jiang)膽(dan)固(gu)醇(chun)(chun)：香菇中含有嘌呤、膽(dan)堿、酪氨酸(suan)(suan)、氧化酶以及某些核酸(suan)(suan)物(wu)質，能起到降(jiang)血壓(ya)、降(jiang)膽(dan)固(gu)醇(chun)(chun)、降(jiang)血脂(zhi)(zhi)的作用，又可預防動脈硬化、肝硬化等(deng)疾病。

5. 防癌抗癌：香菇菌蓋部分含有雙鏈(lian)結(jie)構的核(he)糖核(he)酸，進入人體(ti)后，會產(chan)生(sheng)具有抗癌作用的干(gan)擾素。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌情(qing)況 西峽(xia)(xia)地(di)處(chu)秦(qin)嶺東支脈伏牛(niu)山(shan)南麓，海拔(ba)高度從181米(mi)(mi)到(dao)2212.5米(mi)(mi)。縣(xian)境(jing)自西北向東南依次(ci)為(wei)深山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、淺山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、山(shan)谷(gu)盆地(di)和丘陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)4種類(lei)型(xing)。西峽(xia)(xia)縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤系第四紀堆積、洪(hong)積型(xing)骨架土(tu)(tu)。其中黃棕壤類(lei)占總(zong)(zong)(zong)面積的82%、為(wei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)耕(geng)地(di)的60.7%；紫色土(tu)(tu)類(lei)占總(zong)(zong)(zong)面積的10%、為(wei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)耕(geng)地(di)的35.1%；棕壤土(tu)(tu)類(lei)占總(zong)(zong)(zong)面積的7.7%；潮土(tu)(tu)類(lei)占總(zong)(zong)(zong)耕(geng)地(di)的3%；河(he)灘地(di)僅(jin)占耕(geng)地(di)的1.2%，獨特的山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)小氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)，適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)香菇的生產。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況 境(jing)內(nei)溪流密布，共(gong)有大(da)小河(he)流520余條(tiao)，其中有灌河(he)、淇(qi)河(he)兩條(tiao)過境(jing)河(he)。全(quan)縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)為(wei)18.54億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，其中年(nian)(nian)(nian)地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)為(wei)14.06億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)為(wei)4.48億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)可開發量(liang)為(wei)11.6億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)可開發量(liang)為(wei)2.6億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。伏牛(niu)山(shan)生態環境(jing)良好，地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)基本無污染。 2.3 氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況 西峽(xia)(xia)處(chu)于(yu)亞熱帶向暖濕帶過度地(di)帶，屬北亞熱帶季風區(qu)(qu)(qu)大(da)陸(lu)性氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)，氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和，雨量(liang)適(shi)(shi)中，光照充足，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15.0攝氏(shi)度，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)降雨量(liang)878.1毫米(mi)(mi)左右，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)無霜(shuang)期(qi)236.2天，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)日照時(shi)數1924.9小時(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)相(xiang)對濕度69%，季風平均(jun)風速2.1米(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒。由(you)于(yu)境(jing)內(nei)多山(shan)，地(di)勢復雜，有明顯的山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)體氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)特點，四季分明。充足的光照，適(shi)(shi)中的雨量(liang)，溫(wen)(wen)和的氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)給西峽(xia)(xia)食用(yong)菌(jun)產業帶來了良好的發展條(tiao)件(jian)。

三.地域范圍

西(xi)峽(xia)(xia)香菇農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)登記地(di)域保(bao)護(hu)，覆蓋(gai)西(xi)峽(xia)(xia)境內全域除城區外16個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮：丹水(shui)、田(tian)關、陽(yang)城、回(hui)車(che)、丁河(he)、重陽(yang)、西(xi)坪(ping)、桑坪(ping)、米坪(ping)、石界(jie)河(he)、軍馬河(he)、二郎坪(ping)、五里橋、雙龍、太平鎮、寨根。涉及242個(ge)行政村，其保(bao)護(hu)范圍(wei)地(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標(biao)為北緯(wei)33°05′—33°48′東經(jing)111°01′—111°46′，地(di)處河(he)南(nan)省西(xi)南(nan)部、南(nan)陽(yang)市西(xi)部、伏牛(niu)山(shan)腹地(di)、豫鄂(e)陜三省交匯(hui)地(di)帶，,總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)3454平方公里，香菇生產(chan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約1000公頃，年(nian)均(jun)總產(chan)量穩(wen)定在15萬(wan)噸左右。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外在感(gan)官特征 4.1.1 菇(gu)形(xing) 朵形(xing)圓整，中(zhong)大葉(xie)型，菇(gu)質密(mi)，菇(gu)肉厚。 4.1.2 菌蓋色(se)澤 鮮菇(gu)菌蓋淺褐(he)色(se)—褐(he)色(se)。 4.1.3 菌柄 菌柄中(zhong)長型，3—5厘米，中(zhong)等(deng)粗(cu)。 4.1.4 菌褶 整齊，中(zhong)等(deng)密(mi)度，淺白色(se)。 4.1.5 口感(gan) 脆嫩，爽滑，肉質無(wu)海綿感(gan)。

五.特定生產方式

3.1場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇 3.1.1 無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di) 應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)受污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)源(yuan)影(ying)(ying)響，或(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物含(han)(han)量(liang)限(xian)制(zhi)在(zai)允(yun)(yun)許(xu)范圍(wei)之(zhi)內(nei)(nei)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境良(liang)好(hao)，具體(ti)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)100米(mi)(mi)(mi)無(wu)(wu)工業三廢(fei)、垃圾（糞便）場(chang)(chang)、各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)它(ta)(ta)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)源(yuan)（如大(da)量(liang)揚灰(hui)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥廠、窯灰(hui)廠等），并(bing)且遠離醫院、學校和(he)(he)(he)(he)公(gong)共場(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)；對(dui)農(nong)戶(hu)獨(du)立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產點(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)保(bao)證30米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)內(nei)(nei)無(wu)(wu)畜禽圈舍(she)和(he)(he)(he)(he)家(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廁所(suo)(suo)(suo)（衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)）；土壤、空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（312國道(dao)兩側50米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)內(nei)(nei)）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)背景值偏高(gao)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)，與(yu)(yu)土壤、水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)環境有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)病高(gao)發(fa)區(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能作為(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)。 3.1.2空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)環境要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 產地(di)(di)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)淅，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)排放(fang)(fang)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)燃煤(mei)鍋爐(lu)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)防(fang)塵除硫裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。環境空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)指標(biao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)附(fu)表(biao)(biao)1標(biao)準。 3.1.3水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇在(zai)地(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清潔(jie)無(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)（包(bao)(bao)(bao)括重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)、放(fang)(fang)射(she)性(xing)元素(su)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)它(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超標(biao)）的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)；水(shui)(shui)(shui)域或(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)上游沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對(dui)產地(di)(di)構成威脅的(de)(de)井水(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)附(fu)表(biao)(biao)2標(biao)準。 3.1.4其(qi)它(ta)(ta)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)向陽，地(di)(di)勢高(gao)燥(zao)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)較(jiao)近，交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)方(fang)便，并(bing)相(xiang)對(dui)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)連片(pian)。 3.2栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)季節(jie) 依據所(suo)(suo)(suo)選(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)溫(wen)型(xing)、菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)齡要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、當(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)海拔高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件及(ji)(ji)(ji)適(shi)宜(yi)出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)，因地(di)(di)制(zhi)宜(yi)，靈活(huo)推算確定(ding)最佳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)春(chun)(chun)栽(zai) 模式點(dian)(dian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)2-4月份進(jin)行。 3.3品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇 所(suo)(suo)(suo)選(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，須(xu)(xu)經正(zheng)(zheng)規食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)科研(yan)部門試驗示(shi)范后(hou)(hou)(hou)確定(ding)該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、溫(wen)差(cha)、光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)、海拔高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)措施與(yu)(yu)本地(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，還(huan)必須(xu)(xu)具備(bei)(bei)抗(kang)性(xing)好(hao)、優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豐(feng)產的(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)。我(wo)縣春(chun)(chun)栽(zai)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)當(dang)家(jia)(jia)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)西(xi)峽(xia)縣食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)科研(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)“9608”品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.4菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準 3.4.1標(biao)名 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓶(ping)（袋(dai)(dai)(dai)）上有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)注冊商(shang)標(biao)標(biao)示(shi)、溫(wen)型(xing)、接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日期(qi)、檢驗合(he)格證等。 3.4.2純度(du)(du)(du)(du) 外(wai)觀看瓶(ping)（袋(dai)(dai)(dai)）無(wu)(wu)破損(sun)，無(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)病蟲侵(qin)染(ran)(ran)(ran)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)(si)粗(cu)壯整齊，分(fen)枝濃密(mi)，色(se)澤(ze)(ze)潔(jie)白(bai)呈(cheng)現(xian)絨(rong)毛(mao)狀，鏡檢菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)(si)透明，呈(cheng)分(fen)枝狀，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)橫隔(ge)、鎖(suo)狀聯(lian)合(he)明顯，具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)特(te)征。 3.4.3香(xiang)味(wei)(wei) 優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)而無(wu)(wu)異(yi)雜(za)(za)(za)(za)味(wei)(wei)。 3.4.4長(chang)(chang)勢 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)(si)形態(tai)正(zheng)(zheng)常，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛(sheng)而無(wu)(wu)抑制(zhi)線，無(wu)(wu)吐水(shui)(shui)(shui)、無(wu)(wu)畏(wei)縮現(xian)象(xiang)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)(si)形態(tai)呈(cheng)絨(rong)毛(mao)狀濃密(mi)，粗(cu)壯均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)齊整，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)速度(du)(du)(du)(du)快。 3.4.5活(huo)力(li) 從菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓶(ping)（袋(dai)(dai)(dai)）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨機挖(wa)取一(yi)(yi)塊菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，感覺有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)韌性(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)松(song)(song)散，培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)呈(cheng)淡黃色(se)，在(zai)29℃下(xia)(xia)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)塊四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)(si)萌發(fa)快，向四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)擴展快的(de)(de)則說(shuo)明吃料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)能力(li)強。 3.5培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)配方(fang) 培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)配方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)若(ruo)干(gan)(gan)(gan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)案(an)，西(xi)峽(xia)縣春(chun)(chun)栽(zai)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)配方(fang)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：木(mu)(mu)屑(xie)84％、麩(fu)皮15％、石膏(gao)(gao)1％。 3.6培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)備(bei)(bei)制(zhi) 3.6.1木(mu)(mu)屑(xie) 樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：在(zai)無(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)源(yuan)影(ying)(ying)響，重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)、放(fang)(fang)射(she)性(xing)元素(su)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)它(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超標(biao)區(qu)域內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)闊葉硬雜(za)(za)(za)(za)木(mu)(mu)均(jun)(jun)可(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)（不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)含(han)(han)松(song)(song)、柏、樟、杉樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)），其(qi)砍伐季節(jie)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)冬(dong)季休眠期(qi)砍伐為(wei)(wei)好(hao)；木(mu)(mu)屑(xie)加(jia)工要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粉料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)機粉碎，顆(ke)粒應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)無(wu)(wu)尖(jian)刺(ci)(ci)，細度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)大(da)片(pian)麥(mai)麩(fu)一(yi)(yi)樣，粉碎后(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)曬干(gan)(gan)(gan)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.6.2麥(mai)麩(fu) 麩(fu)皮要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大(da)片(pian)、無(wu)(wu)霉(mei)變、無(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)松(song)(song)散、無(wu)(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)新鮮(xian)(xian)麩(fu)皮。 3.6.3石膏(gao)(gao) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)熟均(jun)(jun)可(ke)(ke)，需經檢驗合(he)格，潔(jie)白(bai)、無(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)毒(du)(du)(du)害。 3.8拌料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao) 按照(zhao)木(mu)(mu)屑(xie)84％、麩(fu)皮15％、石膏(gao)(gao)1％的(de)(de)配方(fang)比例，含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)維持(chi)(chi)在(zai)55％-58％之(zhi)間(jian)，把各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)混(hun)(hun)合(he)攪拌均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)。 3.9裝(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)(dai) 一(yi)(yi)般(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)折17-18公(gong)分(fen)寬(kuan)，55公(gong)分(fen)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)，松(song)(song)緊適(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，口(kou)(kou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)扎緊，輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放(fang)(fang)，防(fang)破損(sun)、防(fang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)。 3.10滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun) 料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)爐(lu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，2-3小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)溫(wen)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)達(da)到(dao)100℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，保(bao)持(chi)(chi)100℃不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)連續維持(chi)(chi)18個(ge)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上。如袋(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)較(jiao)多(duo)，可(ke)(ke)酌情適(shi)當(dang)延長(chang)(chang)滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)。 3.11冷(leng)卻 滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)達(da)到(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，停止加(jia)熱，任其(qi)自然(ran)冷(leng)卻到(dao)70℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)，可(ke)(ke)出(chu)鍋放(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)無(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)室(shi)，繼(ji)續冷(leng)卻到(dao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)溫(wen)達(da)28℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，才(cai)能接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.12接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱必須(xu)(xu)提前進(jin)行消毒(du)(du)(du)處理(li)，并(bing)檢查接(jie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)箱嚴(yan)(yan)密(mi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)漏(lou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，再用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)霧消毒(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)按1-2g/m3點(dian)(dian)燃消毒(du)(du)(du)30分(fen)鐘后(hou)(hou)(hou)才(cai)能接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，點(dian)(dian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：快、凈、滿(man)、實。 3.13培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang) 接(jie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，需及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)搬入(ru)(ru)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石灰(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)霧消毒(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)消過(guo)(guo)毒(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)室(shi)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)單層單行擺(bai)放(fang)(fang)，高(gao)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)(you)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)20℃-25℃為(wei)(wei)好(hao)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，致一(yi)(yi)死適(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)換氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)室(shi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)、暗光(guang)(guang)、無(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、易(yi)于通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)、溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)適(shi)宜(yi)。 3.14刺(ci)(ci)孔增(zeng)氧(yang)(yang) 為(wei)(wei)滿(man)足菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)(si)對(dui)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)期(qi)間(jian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)刺(ci)(ci)孔2-3次，刺(ci)(ci)孔多(duo)少(shao)(shao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)與(yu)(yu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)大(da)小、水(shui)(shui)(shui)份多(duo)少(shao)(shao)成正(zheng)(zheng)比例，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)每袋(dai)(dai)(dai)刺(ci)(ci)孔總數50-80個(ge)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。刺(ci)(ci)孔后(hou)(hou)(hou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)特(te)別注意，嚴(yan)(yan)防(fang)超溫(wen)燒堆，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)注意通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)降(jiang)溫(wen)。 3.15轉(zhuan)色(se) 養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)結束后(hou)(hou)(hou)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)靈活(huo)調(diao)控(kong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)促使(shi)(shi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)自然(ran)轉(zhuan)色(se)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)皮厚薄適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，茶褐色(se)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)彈性(xing)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)澤(ze)(ze)為(wei)(wei)好(hao)。 3.16越(yue)夏(xia) 越(yue)夏(xia)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)任務(wu)是防(fang)高(gao)溫(wen)、防(fang)暴曬，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)情況下(xia)(xia)必須(xu)(xu)在(zai)5月上旬將菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)移到(dao)室(shi)外(wai)，在(zai)室(shi)外(wai)陰棚(peng)內(nei)(nei)越(yue)夏(xia)，遮陰棚(peng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)搭高(gao)、塔寬(kuan)、搭厚，陰棚(peng)凈高(gao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，蔭棚(peng)四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)距離內(nei)(nei)架(jia)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隔(ge)熱隔(ge)光(guang)(guang)，伏天(tian)棚(peng)內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)最高(gao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超過(guo)(guo)30℃為(wei)(wei)好(hao)。 3.17催菇(gu)(gu)(gu) 時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)10月下(xia)(xia)旬，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)天(tian)蓋膜、夜晚揭(jie)膜，拉大(da)溫(wen)差(cha)達(da)10℃ 3.18疏蕾養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)蕾，培(pei)(pei)(pei)育花菇(gu)(gu)(gu) 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)現(xian)蕾后(hou)(hou)(hou)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)割口(kou)(kou)選(xuan)(xuan)蕾，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)留(liu)10個(ge)左(zuo)右(you)(you)，嚴(yan)(yan)格調(diao)控(kong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)15—18℃，濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)70%～80%，并(bing)注意通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)換氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，調(diao)節(jie)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)；如果(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產花菇(gu)(gu)(gu)須(xu)(xu)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)低溫(wen)13℃～15℃，干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)，濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)60%～70%，還(huan)須(xu)(xu)適(shi)當(dang)增(zeng)加(jia)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)，拉大(da)溫(wen)差(cha)。 3.19采收、加(jia)工與(yu)(yu)貯運(yun)(yun) 3.19.1 采收 可(ke)(ke)根據客商(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采摘(zhai)，采摘(zhai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)分(fen)級放(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)干(gan)(gan)(gan)凈無(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)竹筐內(nei)(nei)，嚴(yan)(yan)禁落入(ru)(ru)泥土、木(mu)(mu)屑(xie)或(huo)其(qi)它(ta)(ta)雜(za)(za)(za)(za)物，確保(bao)產品(pin)(pin)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。 3.19.2 加(jia)工 一(yi)(yi)是保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)。可(ke)(ke)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)庫低溫(wen)（2～3℃）保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)，按客商(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)行挑揀(jian)分(fen)級、包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，再利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)冷(leng)藏車及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)銷。二是烘干(gan)(gan)(gan)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)烘干(gan)(gan)(gan)機烘干(gan)(gan)(gan)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)掌(zhang)握起始溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低于35℃，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)每小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上升1～2℃，逐步升溫(wen)慢慢把菇(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)水(shui)(shui)(shui)份蒸發(fa)掉(diao)，最后(hou)(hou)(hou)階(jie)段溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)最高(gao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超過(guo)(guo)65℃，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)關(guan)(guan)閉進(jin)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)出(chu)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)熱循環并(bing)維持(chi)(chi)2小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左(zuo)右(you)(you)，能增(zeng)加(jia)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)，當(dang)達(da)到(dao)烘干(gan)(gan)(gan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)封包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)出(chu)售(shou)。 3.19.3 貯存和(he)(he)(he)(he)運(yun)(yun)輸 香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)貯存、運(yun)(yun)輸應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)低溫(wen)、干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)、衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)避(bi)風(feng)(feng)，防(fang)鼠、防(fang)曬、防(fang)震、防(fang)雨淋、防(fang)塵不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)與(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物品(pin)(pin)混(hun)(hun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)混(hun)(hun)運(yun)(yun)。 3.19.4 注意事項 3.19.4.1 在(zai)加(jia)工過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)允(yun)(yun)許(xu)為(wei)(wei)了(le)達(da)到(dao)防(fang)腐(fu)、保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)或(huo)漂白(bai)等目的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)人體(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)影(ying)(ying)響的(de)(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)對(dui)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)進(jin)行處理(li)。 3.19.4.2 不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)允(yun)(yun)許(xu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)農(nong)藥(yao)、化肥及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)它(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)容器(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)。 3.19.4.3 包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)須(xu)(xu)符(fu)合(he)國家(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)程應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)確保(bao)無(wu)(wu)霉(mei)變，無(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)符(fu)合(he)國家(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)食品(pin)(pin)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包(bao)裝(zhuang)主要采用袋式或箱式包(bao)裝(zhuang)，包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料必(bi)須(xu)符(fu)合國家強制(zhi)性技術規范要求(qiu)。產品有明確(que)標(biao)簽，內容包(bao)括： 產品名稱、商(shang)標(biao)、產品執行標(biao)準(zhun)、生產者及(ji)詳細地址、凈含量(liang)及(ji)包(bao)裝(zhuang)日(ri)期，要求(qiu)字跡清晰、完整、準(zhun)確(que)。