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一.產品介紹

簡介

西(xi)峽香(xiang)菇，河南省南陽市西(xi)峽縣特產，中國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家地理標(biao)志產品。西(xi)峽香(xiang)菇品質(zhi)優，味道好，花菇率高(gao)，深(shen)受消費者歡(huan)迎，遠銷廣(guang)州、深(shen)圳、福建、浙(zhe)江、日本、韓國(guo)(guo)、新加坡、臺(tai)灣、香(xiang)港等地。

種植環境

西(xi)峽(xia)是一(yi)個深山縣，自然狀況為“八(ba)山一(yi)水(shui)零點七分田”，既(ji)具有(you)北亞熱帶向暖溫帶過渡的氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)特點，又有(you)冬季(ji)偏(pian)暖地區的氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)差異。海拔(ba)181米至(zhi)2212米，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫15.1℃，相對濕度69%，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量881.6毫米。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)日照2019小(xiao)時，無霜期236天，森林(lin)覆蓋率76.8%，生(sheng)態環境(jing)優越，適宜多種類農作物生(sheng)長(chang)，是香菇生(sheng)產的黃(huang)金(jin)地帶。

生產情況

2010年(nian)，西峽(xia)縣(xian)從(cong)事香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)種植的(de)(de)農戶(hu)(hu)達3萬(wan)余戶(hu)(hu)，超過農戶(hu)(hu)總(zong)數的(de)(de)1/3，年(nian)種植規模保持在(zai)1億(yi)(yi)袋左(zuo)右(you)，年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)（干(gan)品）3.5萬(wan)噸(dun)左(zuo)右(you)，占全國(guo)(guo)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)的(de)(de)1/10，成為(wei)“南(nan)菇(gu)北移”后(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)最大的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)生產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)。形(xing)(xing)成的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)市(shi)場年(nian)交(jiao)易(yi)額(e)穩定(ding)在(zai)10億(yi)(yi)元左(zuo)右(you)，成為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)最大的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)集散地(di)(di)、加工地(di)(di)，每年(nian)從(cong)這里運出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)占全中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)干(gan)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)的(de)(de)70%以上、占全中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)的(de)(de)近1/5，由此(ci)奠定(ding)了(le)全中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)干(gan)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)的(de)(de)價格形(xing)(xing)成中(zhong)(zhong)心和出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)貨源集散中(zhong)(zhong)心地(di)(di)位。西峽(xia)先后(hou)被國(guo)(guo)家農業部(bu)等部(bu)委確定(ding)為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)園藝產(chan)(chan)品出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)示范區，被全國(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)協會(hui)評為(wei)十佳商品基地(di)(di)縣(xian)、全國(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)標準化示范縣(xian)、全國(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)優(you)秀(xiu)基地(di)(di)縣(xian)；通過了(le)國(guo)(guo)家原產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)理(li)保護認證。2009年(nian)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)協會(hui)授予“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)之鄉”稱號(hao)。2010年(nian)，河南(nan)西峽(xia)縣(xian)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)7422噸(dun)，出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)額(e)11874萬(wan)美元。

產地范圍

西(xi)峽香(xiang)菇地理標(biao)志產品(pin)保護范圍為河南省西(xi)峽縣(xian)丹(dan)水鎮(zhen)(zhen)、田關鄉(xiang)(xiang)、陽(yang)城鄉(xiang)(xiang)、回車鎮(zhen)(zhen)、五里(li)橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、丁河鎮(zhen)(zhen)、重陽(yang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、西(xi)坪(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、寨(zhai)根鄉(xiang)(xiang)、桑坪(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)界河鄉(xiang)(xiang)、米(mi)坪(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、軍馬河鎮(zhen)(zhen)、雙龍鎮(zhen)(zhen)、二(er)狼坪(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)等15個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)現轄行政區(qu)域(yu)。

專用標志使用

西峽香菇地理(li)標志(zhi)產(chan)品保護(hu)范圍內的生產(chan)者(zhe)，可向南陽(yang)出入境(jing)檢驗檢疫局提(ti)出使(shi)用(yong)“地理(li)標志(zhi)產(chan)品專(zhuan)用(yong)標志(zhi)”的申請，由國家質檢總局公(gong)告批(pi)準。

技術要求

（一）菌種。

9608等優質香菇菌種的1、2、3級菌種。

（二）立(li)體條(tiao)件。

保護區范圍內(nei)海拔200m至800m。

（三）原料要求。

1、主(zhu)料：為殼斗科的麻櫟(li)屬、青岡(gang)屬和樺(hua)科的樺(hua)木屬的木屑(xie)。木屑(xie)直徑3mm至8mm，鮮木屑(xie)含水量40%以下、干(gan)木屑(xie)含水量13%以下，無(wu)霉(mei)爛、腐朽(xiu)、污染。

2、輔料：

（1）麥(mai)麩：無霉(mei)變、結塊、污染，含水量13%以下。

（2）白砂糖(tang)：食用菌糖(tang)。

（3）石膏：生(sheng)、熟均可，色白(bai)，無(wu)雜質。

（四(si)）栽培管(guan)理。

1、拌料(liao)、裝(zhuang)袋：

（1）栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)期：2至(zhi)4月(yue)生產(chan)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)。

（2）配方：木屑78%至80%、麥麩18%至20%、糖0.8%至1%、石膏(gao)1%的比例，把料拌(ban)勻，兌水至含水量58%至60%。pH值(zhi)5至7。

（3）裝袋(dai)：松緊適(shi)中(zhong)、每袋(dai)干料1.3kg至1.5kg，栽培(pei)袋(dai)濕(shi)重3至3.3kg。

2、常壓滅菌(jun)：料溫整體達到100℃后，保(bao)持(chi)18個小(xiao)時以上。

3、接種：料(liao)溫(wen)下降到28℃以下時(shi)，在無菌條件(jian)下接種。

4、發菌：發菌需45d至50d，保持(chi)發菌室(shi)干(gan)凈、干(gan)燥、暗光、通風，溫度(du)維持(chi)在20℃至25℃，適當刺孔增(zeng)氧(yang)，注意散堆降(jiang)溫。

5、越(yue)(yue)夏(xia)管理(li)：越(yue)(yue)夏(xia)場(chang)地通風向陽、地勢(shi)高燥(zao)、水源(yuan)潔凈(jing)、周邊環境干凈(jing)、整潔、無污染。

6、棚架環境要求及進棚管(guan)理：外棚四(si)周要比(bi)內架寬出2米，遮陰網不少于二層，層間有35cm至(zhi)(zhi)40cm間距。遮陰度60%至(zhi)(zhi)70%，溫(wen)度在(zai)28℃以下(xia)，濕(shi)度75%至(zhi)(zhi)80%，通風良好(hao)。自(zi)然(ran)轉色，自(zi)然(ran)養菌，不隨意翻動。150天至(zhi)(zhi)180天。

7、出菇管理：氣溫(wen)穩定在20℃以(yi)下，10月中下旬以(yi)后催菇。菌袋(dai)含水(shui)量(liang)在原(yuan)袋(dai)重的80%至85%，濕度(du)60%至85%，溫(wen)度(du)8℃至18℃，溫(wen)差8℃至10℃。適當通風(feng)，保持空氣新(xin)鮮。初冬出菇，保持半陰半陽；冬季出菇，全光照。

（五）采收與加工。

1、采(cai)收(shou)：10月中旬至(zhi)翌年4月采(cai)收(shou)，采(cai)收(shou)標準為(wei)子(zi)實體7至(zhi)8成熟(shu)。

2、加(jia)工(gong)：烘(hong)干(gan)脫(tuo)水加(jia)工(gong)，含水量≤13%。

西峽香菇的醫用(yong)價值

中國(guo)不(bu)少古籍中記載(zai)香菇“益(yi)氣(qi)不(bu)饑，治(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)破血和益(yi)胃助(zhu)食(shi)”。民(min)間用(yong)(yong)來助(zhu)痘瘡、麻疹的(de)誘發，治(zhi)(zhi)頭(tou)痛、頭(tou)暈(yun)。現代(dai)研究證(zheng)明，香菇多糖(tang)可(ke)(ke)調節(jie)人體(ti)內有免疫(yi)功能的(de)T細胞活(huo)性(xing)，可(ke)(ke)降低甲基膽蒽誘發腫瘤的(de)能力(li)。香菇對(dui)(dui)癌(ai)細胞有強(qiang)烈的(de)抑(yi)制作用(yong)(yong)，對(dui)(dui)小(xiao)白鼠(shu)肉瘤180的(de)抑(yi)制率為(wei)97.5%，對(dui)(dui)艾氏癌(ai)的(de)抑(yi)制率為(wei)80%。香菇含(han)有雙鏈(lian)核(he)糖(tang)核(he)酸，能誘導產生干擾(rao)素，具有抗病(bing)毒能力(li)。西峽香菇還(huan)對(dui)(dui)糖(tang)尿病(bing)、肺結(jie)核(he)、傳(chuan)染(ran)性(xing)肝炎(yan)、神(shen)經炎(yan)等起治(zhi)(zhi)療作用(yong)(yong)，又可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于消(xiao)化不(bu)良、便秘、減肥等。

1. 提高機體免(mian)疫功能(neng)：香菇多(duo)糖(tang)可提高巨噬細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)吞噬功能(neng)，還可促進(jin)T淋巴細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)產(chan)生，并提高T淋巴細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)殺傷活性，從(cong)而增強人體體液(ye)免(mian)疫功能(neng)。

2. 西峽香(xiang)菇還對糖尿(niao)病(bing)、肺(fei)結核、傳染性肝炎、神經(jing)炎等(deng)(deng)起治(zhi)療作(zuo)用，又(you)可(ke)用于(yu)消化不良、便(bian)秘等(deng)(deng)。

3. 延緩衰老：香菇的(de)水提取物(wu)對過(guo)氧(yang)(yang)化氫有清除作用，對體(ti)內的(de)過(guo)氧(yang)(yang)化氫有一定的(de)消除作用；

4. 降(jiang)血壓、降(jiang)血脂、降(jiang)膽固醇：香(xiang)菇中含有(you)嘌呤(ling)、膽堿(jian)、酪氨酸、氧化酶以(yi)及某些核酸物質，能起到(dao)降(jiang)血壓、降(jiang)膽固醇、降(jiang)血脂的作(zuo)用，又(you)可預防動脈硬化、肝(gan)硬化等(deng)疾病。

5. 防癌(ai)抗癌(ai)：香(xiang)菇菌(jun)蓋部分含有雙鏈結構的核(he)糖核(he)酸，進入人體后(hou)，會(hui)產(chan)生具有抗癌(ai)作用的干擾素。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況 西峽(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處秦(qin)嶺東(dong)支脈伏牛山(shan)南麓，海拔高度從181米(mi)(mi)到2212.5米(mi)(mi)。縣(xian)境(jing)自(zi)西北向東(dong)南依次為(wei)(wei)(wei)深山(shan)區(qu)、淺山(shan)區(qu)、山(shan)谷盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)丘陵區(qu)4種(zhong)類型。西峽(xia)(xia)縣(xian)土(tu)壤(rang)系第四(si)紀堆積(ji)(ji)、洪積(ji)(ji)型骨架土(tu)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)黃棕壤(rang)類占(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)82%、為(wei)(wei)(wei)總耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)60.7%；紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)類占(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)10%、為(wei)(wei)(wei)總耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)35.1%；棕壤(rang)土(tu)類占(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)7.7%；潮土(tu)類占(zhan)總耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)3%；河(he)(he)灘(tan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)僅占(zhan)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)1.2%，獨特的(de)山(shan)區(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)，適(shi)宜香菇的(de)生(sheng)產。 2.2 水(shui)文情(qing)況 境(jing)內溪流密布，共有大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)河(he)(he)流520余條(tiao)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有灌(guan)河(he)(he)、淇(qi)河(he)(he)兩條(tiao)過(guo)境(jing)河(he)(he)。全縣(xian)水(shui)資(zi)源總量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)18.54億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)(nian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)總量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)14.06億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)總量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)4.48億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)可(ke)開發(fa)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)11.6億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)可(ke)開發(fa)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.6億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。伏牛山(shan)生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)良好，地(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)基(ji)本無污染。 2.3 氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況 西峽(xia)(xia)處于亞熱帶(dai)向暖濕(shi)帶(dai)過(guo)度地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，屬北亞熱帶(dai)季風區(qu)大(da)陸性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫和(he)，雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，光照(zhao)充足，年(nian)(nian)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫15.0攝(she)氏度，年(nian)(nian)均降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)878.1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)左右，年(nian)(nian)均無霜期236.2天，年(nian)(nian)均日照(zhao)時數1924.9小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時，年(nian)(nian)均相對濕(shi)度69%，季風平(ping)均風速2.1米(mi)(mi)每秒。由于境(jing)內多山(shan)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢復雜，有明顯的(de)山(shan)區(qu)立(li)(li)方(fang)體氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特點，四(si)季分(fen)明。充足的(de)光照(zhao)，適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)，溫和(he)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)給西峽(xia)(xia)食用(yong)菌(jun)產業帶(dai)來了良好的(de)發(fa)展條(tiao)件。

三.地域范圍

西(xi)(xi)峽香(xiang)菇(gu)農產品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志登記(ji)地(di)(di)(di)域保(bao)護(hu)，覆蓋西(xi)(xi)峽境內全域除城(cheng)區外16個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)：丹水、田關、陽(yang)城(cheng)、回(hui)車、丁河、重(zhong)陽(yang)、西(xi)(xi)坪(ping)(ping)、桑坪(ping)(ping)、米坪(ping)(ping)、石界河、軍(jun)馬河、二(er)郎坪(ping)(ping)、五里(li)橋(qiao)、雙龍、太平鎮(zhen)、寨根。涉及242個(ge)行政(zheng)村(cun)，其保(bao)護(hu)范圍地(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標(biao)(biao)為北緯33°05′—33°48′東經111°01′—111°46′，地(di)(di)(di)處河南省(sheng)西(xi)(xi)南部、南陽(yang)市西(xi)(xi)部、伏牛(niu)山腹地(di)(di)(di)、豫鄂(e)陜三省(sheng)交(jiao)匯地(di)(di)(di)帶，,總面積(ji)(ji)3454平方公里(li)，香(xiang)菇(gu)生(sheng)產面積(ji)(ji)約1000公頃，年均(jun)總產量(liang)穩定在15萬噸左右。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外在感官(guan)特征(zheng) 4.1.1 菇(gu)(gu)形(xing) 朵形(xing)圓整，中大葉(xie)型，菇(gu)(gu)質密，菇(gu)(gu)肉(rou)厚。 4.1.2 菌(jun)蓋(gai)(gai)色澤 鮮菇(gu)(gu)菌(jun)蓋(gai)(gai)淺褐色—褐色。 4.1.3 菌(jun)柄(bing) 菌(jun)柄(bing)中長型，3—5厘(li)米，中等(deng)粗。 4.1.4 菌(jun)褶 整齊(qi)，中等(deng)密度，淺白色。 4.1.5 口感 脆(cui)嫩，爽滑，肉(rou)質無海(hai)綿(mian)感。

五.特定生產方式

3.1場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 3.1.1 無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)香菇(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)場(chang)地(di)(di)(di) 應(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)不(bu)(bu)受污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源影(ying)響，或(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)含(han)量限制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)允許(xu)(xu)范(fan)圍(wei)之(zhi)內(nei)(nei)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)，具(ju)體要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：周圍(wei)100米(mi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)工業(ye)三廢、垃圾（糞(fen)便(bian)）場(chang)、各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源（如大量揚灰(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泥廠(chang)、窯(yao)灰(hui)廠(chang)等(deng)），并且遠離醫院、學校和(he)(he)公(gong)共場(chang)所；對(dui)(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)獨立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)保證(zheng)(zheng)30米(mi)以(yi)內(nei)(nei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畜禽圈舍(she)和(he)(he)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廁所（衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)）；土壤、空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)（312國道(dao)兩側50米(mi)以(yi)內(nei)(nei)）中(zhong)(zhong)重金(jin)屬背(bei)景值偏(pian)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區，與(yu)土壤、水(shui)源環境有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方病高(gao)發區不(bu)(bu)能作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)香菇(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)。 3.1.2空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)環境要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)周圍(wei)不(bu)(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大氣(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)淅(xi)，不(bu)(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體排(pai)放，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)燃煤鍋爐(lu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)防(fang)(fang)塵除(chu)硫裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。環境空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量指(zhi)標(biao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)(fu)合(he)附表(biao)(biao)1標(biao)準。 3.1.3水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 應(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)、地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清潔無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)（包(bao)括重金(jin)屬、放射性(xing)(xing)(xing)元素(su)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)超標(biao)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區；水(shui)域(yu)或(huo)水(shui)源上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)游沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對(dui)(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)構成(cheng)(cheng)威(wei)脅(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)井水(shui)。水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)(fu)合(he)附表(biao)(biao)2標(biao)準。 3.1.4其(qi)(qi)它(ta)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)(ying)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)向陽，地(di)(di)(di)勢高(gao)燥(zao)(zao)，水(shui)源較近，交通(tong)方便(bian)，并相對(dui)(dui)(dui)集中(zhong)(zhong)連(lian)片。 3.2栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)季(ji)節 依據所選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)型(xing)(xing)、菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)齡(ling)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海拔高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜出菇(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)，因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)宜，靈活(huo)推算(suan)確(que)定最佳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)春(chun)栽(zai)(zai) 模(mo)式點(dian)(dian)(dian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2-4月份進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。 3.3品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 所選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，須(xu)(xu)經(jing)正規食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)科(ke)研(yan)部門試驗(yan)(yan)示范(fan)后(hou)(hou)確(que)定該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)、光(guang)照(zhao)、海拔高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)措施(shi)與(yu)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件相適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，還(huan)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)具(ju)備(bei)抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)、優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)。我縣(xian)春(chun)栽(zai)(zai)袋(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)香菇(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)家(jia)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)西峽縣(xian)食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)科(ke)研(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“9608”品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.4菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量標(biao)準 3.4.1標(biao)名 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓶(ping)（袋(dai)(dai)）上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)標(biao)示、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)型(xing)(xing)、接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日期(qi)、檢驗(yan)(yan)合(he)格(ge)(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)等(deng)。 3.4.2純度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 外觀(guan)看瓶(ping)（袋(dai)(dai)）無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)破損，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)和(he)(he)病蟲(chong)侵染(ran)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲粗壯整(zheng)齊，分枝(zhi)濃密，色(se)澤潔白(bai)呈(cheng)現(xian)絨(rong)毛狀，鏡檢菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲透(tou)明(ming)，呈(cheng)分枝(zhi)狀，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)橫隔、鎖狀聯合(he)明(ming)顯，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香菇(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征。 3.4.3香味(wei)(wei) 優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香味(wei)(wei)而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)異雜(za)味(wei)(wei)。 3.4.4長(chang)勢 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲形(xing)態(tai)正常，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺(wang)盛而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)抑制(zhi)(zhi)線，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吐水(shui)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畏(wei)縮現(xian)象(xiang)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲形(xing)態(tai)呈(cheng)絨(rong)毛狀濃密，粗壯均(jun)(jun)勻齊整(zheng)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)速度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)快(kuai)(kuai)。 3.4.5活(huo)力 從菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓶(ping)（袋(dai)(dai)）中(zhong)(zhong)隨機(ji)挖取一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，感覺有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)松(song)散(san)，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)料(liao)(liao)呈(cheng)淡黃色(se)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)29℃下(xia)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)塊四周的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲萌發快(kuai)(kuai)，向四周擴展(zhan)快(kuai)(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)則說(shuo)明(ming)吃料(liao)(liao)能力強(qiang)。 3.5培(pei)(pei)養(yang)基(ji)配方 培(pei)(pei)養(yang)基(ji)配方有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)若(ruo)干(gan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方案，西峽縣(xian)春(chun)栽(zai)(zai)袋(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)配方一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：木(mu)屑(xie)(xie)84％、麩(fu)皮15％、石(shi)膏1％。 3.6培(pei)(pei)養(yang)基(ji)備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi) 3.6.1木(mu)屑(xie)(xie) 樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源影(ying)響，重金(jin)屬、放射性(xing)(xing)(xing)元素(su)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)超標(biao)區域(yu)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)闊葉硬雜(za)木(mu)均(jun)(jun)可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)（不(bu)(bu)含(han)松(song)、柏(bo)、樟(zhang)、杉(shan)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)），其(qi)(qi)砍伐(fa)季(ji)節應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)季(ji)休眠期(qi)砍伐(fa)為(wei)(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)；木(mu)屑(xie)(xie)加(jia)工要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粉料(liao)(liao)機(ji)粉碎(sui)，顆粒應(ying)(ying)(ying)均(jun)(jun)勻無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)尖刺(ci)，細(xi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)大片麥麩(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，粉碎(sui)后(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)曬(shai)干(gan)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.6.2麥麩(fu) 麩(fu)皮要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大片、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霉(mei)變、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)松(song)散(san)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新鮮(xian)(xian)麩(fu)皮。 3.6.3石(shi)膏 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)熟均(jun)(jun)可(ke)(ke)(ke)，需(xu)(xu)經(jing)檢驗(yan)(yan)合(he)格(ge)(ge)，潔白(bai)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)毒(du)(du)害(hai)(hai)(hai)。 3.8拌料(liao)(liao) 按(an)照(zhao)木(mu)屑(xie)(xie)84％、麩(fu)皮15％、石(shi)膏1％的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配方比例，含(han)水(shui)量維持在(zai)(zai)(zai)55％-58％之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，把(ba)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)料(liao)(liao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)混合(he)攪拌均(jun)(jun)勻。 3.9裝(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)折(zhe)17-18公(gong)分寬(kuan)，55公(gong)分長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)，松(song)緊適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)扎緊，輕拿(na)輕放，防(fang)(fang)破損、防(fang)(fang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)。 3.10滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun) 料(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)進(jin)(jin)入滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)爐(lu)后(hou)(hou)，2-3小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)料(liao)(liao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)應(ying)(ying)(ying)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)100℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，保持100℃不(bu)(bu)下(xia)降連(lian)續維持18個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。如袋(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)較多，可(ke)(ke)(ke)酌情適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)延長(chang)滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。 3.11冷卻 滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)后(hou)(hou)，停(ting)止加(jia)熱，任(ren)其(qi)(qi)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)冷卻到(dao)(dao)70℃以(yi)下(xia)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)出鍋放入無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)室(shi)(shi)，繼續冷卻到(dao)(dao)料(liao)(liao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)達(da)(da)28℃以(yi)下(xia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，才能接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.12接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱必(bi)須(xu)(xu)提前(qian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)處(chu)理，并檢查接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)箱嚴密不(bu)(bu)漏氣(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入袋(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)，再(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)霧消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)劑(ji)按(an)1-2g/m3點(dian)(dian)(dian)燃消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)30分鐘后(hou)(hou)才能接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：快(kuai)(kuai)、凈(jing)(jing)、滿、實。 3.13培(pei)(pei)養(yang) 接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)后(hou)(hou)，需(xu)(xu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)搬入用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)灰(hui)水(shui)和(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)霧消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)劑(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)過(guo)毒(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)室(shi)(shi)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)單(dan)層單(dan)行(xing)擺放，高(gao)1米(mi)左右(you)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)20℃-25℃為(wei)(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，致一(yi)(yi)(yi)死適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)換氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)室(shi)(shi)干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)、暗光(guang)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、易于通(tong)風(feng)(feng)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜。 3.14刺(ci)孔(kong)增(zeng)氧 為(wei)(wei)(wei)滿足菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲對(dui)(dui)(dui)氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，養(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)刺(ci)孔(kong)2-3次，刺(ci)孔(kong)多少應(ying)(ying)(ying)與(yu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)大小(xiao)(xiao)、水(shui)份多少成(cheng)(cheng)正比例，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每(mei)袋(dai)(dai)刺(ci)孔(kong)總數50-80個(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜。刺(ci)孔(kong)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)特別注(zhu)(zhu)意，嚴防(fang)(fang)超溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)燒堆，應(ying)(ying)(ying)注(zhu)(zhu)意通(tong)風(feng)(feng)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 3.15轉色(se) 養(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)結束后(hou)(hou)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)靈活(huo)調控溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、光(guang)照(zhao)、通(tong)風(feng)(feng)促使(shi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)轉色(se)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)皮厚(hou)薄適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，茶褐色(se)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)光(guang)澤為(wei)(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)。 3.16越(yue)夏(xia) 越(yue)夏(xia)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)任(ren)務是(shi)防(fang)(fang)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、防(fang)(fang)暴曬(shai)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)情況下(xia)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)5月上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬將菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)移到(dao)(dao)室(shi)(shi)外，在(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)(shi)外陰(yin)棚(peng)內(nei)(nei)越(yue)夏(xia)，遮陰(yin)棚(peng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)搭高(gao)、塔寬(kuan)、搭厚(hou)，陰(yin)棚(peng)凈(jing)(jing)高(gao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3.5米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，蔭棚(peng)四周距(ju)離內(nei)(nei)架(jia)2米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隔熱隔光(guang)，伏(fu)天棚(peng)內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)最高(gao)不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)30℃為(wei)(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)。 3.17催菇(gu)(gu) 時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)10月下(xia)旬，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)天蓋膜、夜晚揭(jie)膜，拉大溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)達(da)(da)10℃ 3.18疏(shu)蕾(lei)養(yang)蕾(lei)，培(pei)(pei)育花菇(gu)(gu) 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)現(xian)蕾(lei)后(hou)(hou)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)割口(kou)(kou)(kou)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)蕾(lei)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)留10個(ge)(ge)左右(you)，嚴格(ge)(ge)調控溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)15—18℃，濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)70%～80%，并注(zhu)(zhu)意通(tong)風(feng)(feng)換氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，調節光(guang)照(zhao)；如果(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)花菇(gu)(gu)須(xu)(xu)保持低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)13℃～15℃，干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)，濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)60%～70%，還(huan)須(xu)(xu)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)增(zeng)加(jia)光(guang)照(zhao)，拉大溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)。 3.19采(cai)收(shou)、加(jia)工與(yu)貯運 3.19.1 采(cai)收(shou) 可(ke)(ke)(ke)根據客(ke)商(shang)(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)摘(zhai)，采(cai)摘(zhai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)分級(ji)放入干(gan)凈(jing)(jing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹筐內(nei)(nei)，嚴禁落入泥土、木(mu)屑(xie)(xie)或(huo)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)雜(za)物(wu)(wu)，確(que)保產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。 3.19.2 加(jia)工 一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)保鮮(xian)(xian)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)保鮮(xian)(xian)庫低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)（2～3℃）保鮮(xian)(xian)，按(an)客(ke)商(shang)(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)挑揀分級(ji)、包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，再(zai)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)冷藏車及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運銷(xiao)。二是(shi)烘(hong)干(gan)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)烘(hong)干(gan)機(ji)烘(hong)干(gan)，重點(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)掌握(wo)起始(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于35℃，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)1～2℃，逐(zhu)步(bu)升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)慢慢把(ba)菇(gu)(gu)體水(shui)份蒸(zheng)發掉，最后(hou)(hou)階(jie)段溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)最高(gao)不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)65℃，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)關(guan)閉(bi)進(jin)(jin)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)和(he)(he)出風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)熱循(xun)環并維持2小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左右(you)，能增(zeng)加(jia)香菇(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香味(wei)(wei)，當(dang)(dang)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)烘(hong)干(gan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)后(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密封(feng)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)出售。 3.19.3 貯存(cun)和(he)(he)運輸 香菇(gu)(gu)貯存(cun)、運輸應(ying)(ying)(ying)保持低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)、衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)避(bi)風(feng)(feng)，防(fang)(fang)鼠、防(fang)(fang)曬(shai)、防(fang)(fang)震、防(fang)(fang)雨淋、防(fang)(fang)塵不(bu)(bu)得與(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)物(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)混裝(zhuang)(zhuang)混運。 3.19.4 注(zhu)(zhu)意事(shi)項 3.19.4.1 在(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)工過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)允許(xu)(xu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)腐、保鮮(xian)(xian)或(huo)漂(piao)白(bai)等(deng)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人體有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang)影(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥劑(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)香菇(gu)(gu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)處(chu)理。 3.19.4.2 不(bu)(bu)允許(xu)(xu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)農(nong)(nong)藥、化肥及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容器包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)香菇(gu)(gu)。 3.19.4.3 包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料(liao)(liao)須(xu)(xu)符(fu)(fu)合(he)國家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)程應(ying)(ying)(ying)確(que)保無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霉(mei)變，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并符(fu)(fu)合(he)國家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)食品(pin)(pin)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包(bao)(bao)裝主要(yao)采用袋(dai)式或箱式包(bao)(bao)裝，包(bao)(bao)裝材(cai)料必(bi)須符合國家強制性(xing)技術規范要(yao)求。產(chan)(chan)品有明(ming)確標簽，內(nei)容包(bao)(bao)括： 產(chan)(chan)品名稱(cheng)、商(shang)標、產(chan)(chan)品執行標準、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者及詳(xiang)細地(di)址、凈含量及包(bao)(bao)裝日期，要(yao)求字跡(ji)清(qing)晰、完整、準確。