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一.產品介紹

簡介

西(xi)(xi)峽香(xiang)菇，河(he)南省南陽(yang)市西(xi)(xi)峽縣(xian)特產，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家地(di)理標(biao)志產品。西(xi)(xi)峽香(xiang)菇品質優，味道好，花菇率高，深受消費者歡(huan)迎，遠銷廣州、深圳(zhen)、福建、浙江、日本(ben)、韓國(guo)(guo)、新(xin)加(jia)坡、臺(tai)灣、香(xiang)港(gang)等地(di)。

種植環境

西(xi)峽是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)深(shen)山縣，自然狀況為“八(ba)山一(yi)水零點(dian)七(qi)分田(tian)”，既具(ju)有北亞熱帶向暖溫帶過渡的氣(qi)候特點(dian)，又有冬季偏暖地區(qu)的氣(qi)候差異。海(hai)拔181米至2212米，年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫15.1℃，相對濕度69%，年(nian)均降水量881.6毫米。年(nian)均日照2019小時(shi)，無霜期236天，森(sen)林覆(fu)蓋(gai)率76.8%，生態環境優越，適宜(yi)多種類農(nong)作物生長，是(shi)香(xiang)菇生產的黃金地帶。

生產情況

2010年(nian)，西峽縣(xian)從(cong)事香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)植的(de)(de)農戶達3萬余戶，超過農戶總數的(de)(de)1/3，年(nian)種(zhong)植規(gui)模保(bao)持(chi)在1億(yi)袋左(zuo)右，年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)（干(gan)品）3.5萬噸左(zuo)右，占全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)1/10，成為(wei)“南菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)北移”后中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)大的(de)(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生產(chan)(chan)地(di)。形成的(de)(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)市(shi)場(chang)年(nian)交易額(e)穩定在10億(yi)元左(zuo)右，成為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)大的(de)(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)集散(san)地(di)、加工地(di)，每年(nian)從(cong)這里運出的(de)(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)占全(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出口(kou)干(gan)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)70%以上、占全(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)近1/5，由此奠定了(le)全(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)干(gan)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)價格形成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)和(he)出口(kou)貨源(yuan)集散(san)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)地(di)位。西峽先后被國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)農業部等部委(wei)確定為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園藝產(chan)(chan)品出口(kou)示范區，被全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)協會(hui)評為(wei)十佳商品基地(di)縣(xian)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)標準化示范縣(xian)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)優秀基地(di)縣(xian)；通過了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)地(di)理保(bao)護認證。2009年(nian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)協會(hui)授予(yu)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之鄉(xiang)”稱號。2010年(nian)，河南西峽縣(xian)出口(kou)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)7422噸，出口(kou)額(e)11874萬美元。

產地范圍

西峽(xia)香菇地理標志產(chan)品保護范圍為(wei)河南省西峽(xia)縣丹(dan)水鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、田關鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、陽(yang)(yang)城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、回車(che)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、五里橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、丁河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、重(zhong)陽(yang)(yang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西坪(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、寨(zhai)根鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、桑坪(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石界(jie)河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、米坪(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、軍馬河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、雙龍(long)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、二狼坪(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)15個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)現轄行(xing)政區域。

專用標志使用

西峽香菇地(di)(di)理(li)標志產(chan)(chan)品(pin)保(bao)護范圍內的生產(chan)(chan)者，可向南陽出入境檢驗檢疫局(ju)提出使用(yong)“地(di)(di)理(li)標志產(chan)(chan)品(pin)專用(yong)標志”的申請，由(you)國家質檢總局(ju)公(gong)告批準。

技術要求

（一）菌種。

9608等優質香(xiang)菇(gu)菌種的1、2、3級(ji)菌種。

（二）立(li)體條件。

保護區范圍(wei)內海拔200m至800m。

（三）原料(liao)要求。

1、主料(liao)：為殼斗科的麻(ma)櫟屬(shu)、青岡屬(shu)和樺科的樺木(mu)屬(shu)的木(mu)屑(xie)。木(mu)屑(xie)直(zhi)徑(jing)3mm至8mm，鮮(xian)木(mu)屑(xie)含(han)水(shui)量40%以(yi)下、干木(mu)屑(xie)含(han)水(shui)量13%以(yi)下，無(wu)霉(mei)爛、腐(fu)朽、污染。

2、輔料：

（1）麥(mai)麩：無霉(mei)變、結塊、污染，含水量(liang)13%以下。

（2）白砂糖(tang)：食用菌糖(tang)。

（3）石膏：生、熟均可，色白，無雜質。

（四）栽(zai)培管理。

1、拌料、裝袋：

（1）栽培(pei)期：2至4月生產栽培(pei)。

（2）配方：木屑78%至(zhi)80%、麥(mai)麩18%至(zhi)20%、糖0.8%至(zhi)1%、石膏1%的比例，把料拌勻，兌(dui)水至(zhi)含水量58%至(zhi)60%。pH值5至(zhi)7。

（3）裝(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)：松緊適(shi)中(zhong)、每袋(dai)(dai)干料1.3kg至(zhi)1.5kg，栽培袋(dai)(dai)濕重3至(zhi)3.3kg。

2、常(chang)壓滅菌：料溫整體達到100℃后，保持18個(ge)小時(shi)以上。

3、接種：料(liao)溫下降到28℃以(yi)下時，在無菌條件(jian)下接種。

4、發(fa)菌：發(fa)菌需45d至50d，保持(chi)發(fa)菌室干凈、干燥、暗光、通風，溫(wen)度維持(chi)在20℃至25℃，適當刺(ci)孔增氧，注(zhu)意散堆(dui)降溫(wen)。

5、越夏管理：越夏場地(di)通風向陽(yang)、地(di)勢高燥、水源潔(jie)凈(jing)、周邊環境干凈(jing)、整潔(jie)、無污染(ran)。

6、棚架(jia)環境要(yao)(yao)求及(ji)進棚管理：外棚四周(zhou)要(yao)(yao)比內架(jia)寬出(chu)2米，遮(zhe)陰網不少于(yu)二層(ceng)，層(ceng)間(jian)(jian)有35cm至40cm間(jian)(jian)距(ju)。遮(zhe)陰度(du)60%至70%，溫度(du)在28℃以下，濕度(du)75%至80%，通風良好。自然(ran)轉色，自然(ran)養(yang)菌(jun)，不隨(sui)意翻動。150天(tian)至180天(tian)。

7、出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)管理：氣(qi)溫穩定在20℃以下，10月中下旬以后(hou)催菇(gu)(gu)。菌袋含水量在原袋重的80%至(zhi)85%，濕度(du)60%至(zhi)85%，溫度(du)8℃至(zhi)18℃，溫差8℃至(zhi)10℃。適當通(tong)風，保(bao)持空氣(qi)新鮮。初冬出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)，保(bao)持半陰半陽；冬季(ji)出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)，全光照(zhao)。

（五(wu)）采收與加工(gong)。

1、采(cai)收：10月(yue)中旬至翌年4月(yue)采(cai)收，采(cai)收標準為(wei)子(zi)實(shi)體7至8成(cheng)熟(shu)。

2、加(jia)工：烘干脫水加(jia)工，含水量(liang)≤13%。

西(xi)峽香菇的醫用價值

中(zhong)國不(bu)少古籍(ji)中(zhong)記載香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)“益氣(qi)不(bu)饑，治(zhi)風破(po)血(xue)和益胃助食(shi)”。民(min)間用(yong)(yong)來助痘瘡、麻疹的誘(you)發(fa)，治(zhi)頭(tou)痛、頭(tou)暈。現(xian)代研究證明(ming)，香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)多糖可調(diao)節人體內有(you)(you)免(mian)疫(yi)功(gong)能的T細胞(bao)活性(xing)，可降(jiang)低甲基膽蒽(en)誘(you)發(fa)腫瘤的能力。香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)對(dui)(dui)癌細胞(bao)有(you)(you)強烈的抑制作用(yong)(yong)，對(dui)(dui)小白(bai)鼠肉(rou)瘤180的抑制率為97.5%，對(dui)(dui)艾(ai)氏癌的抑制率為80%。香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)含有(you)(you)雙鏈(lian)核糖核酸(suan)，能誘(you)導產(chan)生干擾素(su)，具(ju)有(you)(you)抗病(bing)毒(du)能力。西峽香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)還對(dui)(dui)糖尿病(bing)、肺(fei)結核、傳染性(xing)肝炎、神經炎等起治(zhi)療作用(yong)(yong)，又可用(yong)(yong)于消化不(bu)良、便秘、減肥等。

1. 提(ti)高機體免(mian)疫(yi)功能：香菇(gu)多(duo)糖可(ke)提(ti)高巨噬細胞的吞噬功能，還可(ke)促(cu)進T淋(lin)巴(ba)(ba)細胞的產生，并提(ti)高T淋(lin)巴(ba)(ba)細胞的殺傷(shang)活性，從而增強人體體液免(mian)疫(yi)功能。

2. 西(xi)峽香(xiang)菇(gu)還對糖尿病、肺(fei)結核(he)、傳染性肝炎、神經(jing)炎等起治療作用，又(you)可用于消化不良、便(bian)秘等。

3. 延緩衰老：香菇(gu)的(de)水提取物對過(guo)氧(yang)化氫(qing)有(you)(you)清除作用，對體(ti)內的(de)過(guo)氧(yang)化氫(qing)有(you)(you)一定的(de)消除作用；

4. 降(jiang)血壓、降(jiang)血脂、降(jiang)膽固(gu)醇：香菇中含有嘌呤(ling)、膽堿、酪氨酸、氧化(hua)酶以(yi)及某些核酸物質，能起(qi)到降(jiang)血壓、降(jiang)膽固(gu)醇、降(jiang)血脂的作用(yong)，又可(ke)預防動脈硬(ying)化(hua)、肝硬(ying)化(hua)等疾(ji)病。

5. 防(fang)癌(ai)抗癌(ai)：香菇菌蓋部(bu)分(fen)含有(you)雙鏈(lian)結構的(de)核糖核酸，進入人體后，會產生具有(you)抗癌(ai)作用的(de)干擾(rao)素(su)。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情況(kuang) 西(xi)峽(xia)地(di)(di)處秦(qin)嶺東支脈伏牛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南麓，海拔高度(du)從181米(mi)(mi)(mi)到(dao)2212.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)。縣境(jing)自西(xi)北向東南依(yi)次為(wei)(wei)(wei)深(shen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)、淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)谷盆地(di)(di)和丘陵區(qu)(qu)4種類(lei)型。西(xi)峽(xia)縣土(tu)壤系第四紀堆(dui)積、洪(hong)積型骨架土(tu)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)黃棕壤類(lei)占總(zong)面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)82%、為(wei)(wei)(wei)總(zong)耕地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60.7%；紫(zi)色土(tu)類(lei)占總(zong)面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%、為(wei)(wei)(wei)總(zong)耕地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)35.1%；棕壤土(tu)類(lei)占總(zong)面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)7.7%；潮土(tu)類(lei)占總(zong)耕地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3%；河灘地(di)(di)僅占耕地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.2%，獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)小氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)，適(shi)宜香菇(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產。 2.2 水文情況(kuang) 境(jing)內溪流(liu)密(mi)布，共有(you)大小河流(liu)520余條，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)灌河、淇河兩條過境(jing)河。全縣水資源總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)18.54億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)(nian)地(di)(di)表水總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)14.06億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)下水總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)4.48億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)表水可開發量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)11.6億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)下水可開發量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.6億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。伏牛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)生態環境(jing)良(liang)好(hao)，地(di)(di)表水基本無污染(ran)。 2.3 氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況(kuang) 西(xi)峽(xia)處于亞(ya)熱帶(dai)向暖濕帶(dai)過度(du)地(di)(di)帶(dai)，屬北亞(ya)熱帶(dai)季風區(qu)(qu)大陸性氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)，氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫和，雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，光(guang)(guang)照充(chong)足，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫15.0攝氏度(du)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)878.1毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)無霜期236.2天，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)(shi)數1924.9小時(shi)(shi)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)相對濕度(du)69%，季風平均(jun)風速2.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)每秒。由于境(jing)內多(duo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，地(di)(di)勢復雜(za)，有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)立(li)方體氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)點，四季分明。充(chong)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)照，適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)，溫和的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)給西(xi)峽(xia)食用菌產業(ye)帶(dai)來了良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展條件。

三.地域范圍

西峽(xia)香(xiang)(xiang)菇農產品地(di)(di)理標(biao)志登記地(di)(di)域保護，覆蓋西峽(xia)境(jing)內全域除城區(qu)外16個鄉(xiang)鎮：丹水(shui)、田關、陽城、回車、丁河(he)(he)、重陽、西坪(ping)、桑坪(ping)、米坪(ping)、石界河(he)(he)、軍馬(ma)河(he)(he)、二郎坪(ping)、五里(li)(li)橋、雙龍(long)、太平鎮、寨(zhai)根(gen)。涉及242個行政村(cun)，其保護范(fan)圍(wei)地(di)(di)理坐標(biao)為北緯(wei)33°05′—33°48′東經(jing)111°01′—111°46′，地(di)(di)處河(he)(he)南省(sheng)西南部、南陽市(shi)西部、伏(fu)牛山腹地(di)(di)、豫鄂(e)陜三(san)省(sheng)交匯地(di)(di)帶，,總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)3454平方公(gong)里(li)(li)，香(xiang)(xiang)菇生產面(mian)積(ji)約1000公(gong)頃，年均總(zong)(zong)產量穩定在15萬噸左右。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外在感官(guan)特征(zheng) 4.1.1 菇形 朵形圓整，中(zhong)大葉型，菇質密，菇肉厚。 4.1.2 菌蓋色澤 鮮菇菌蓋淺(qian)褐色—褐色。 4.1.3 菌柄 菌柄中(zhong)長型，3—5厘米，中(zhong)等(deng)粗。 4.1.4 菌褶 整齊，中(zhong)等(deng)密度，淺(qian)白色。 4.1.5 口感 脆嫩，爽(shuang)滑(hua)，肉質無海綿感。

五.特定生產方式

3.1場地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 3.1.1 無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害香菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產場地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di) 應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)受污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)(yuan)影(ying)響，或污(wu)染(ran)物含量(liang)限制在(zai)(zai)允(yun)許范(fan)圍之內(nei)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境良好(hao)(hao)，具體要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)：周圍100米(mi)(mi)(mi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)工(gong)業(ye)三廢、垃圾（糞便）場、各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)它污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)(yuan)（如大量(liang)揚灰(hui)的(de)水(shui)(shui)泥廠、窯灰(hui)廠等），并(bing)且遠離(li)醫院、學校和(he)公(gong)共場所(suo)；對(dui)農(nong)(nong)戶獨立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產點(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)保(bao)證(zheng)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)內(nei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畜禽圈舍(she)和(he)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)廁所(suo)（衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)）；土壤、空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（312國道(dao)兩側50米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)內(nei)）中重金(jin)屬(shu)背景值偏高(gao)(gao)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區，與(yu)(yu)土壤、水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)境有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方病(bing)高(gao)(gao)發區不(bu)(bu)(bu)能作為(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害香菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產場地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。 3.1.2空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)環(huan)境要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu) 產地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)周圍不(bu)(bu)(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)染(ran)淅，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體排放(fang)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)燃(ran)煤鍋爐需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)塵除硫裝(zhuang)置。環(huan)境空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)指標(biao)應(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)附表(biao)1標(biao)準(zhun)。 3.1.3水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu) 應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)潔無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran)（包(bao)括重金(jin)屬(shu)、放(fang)射(she)性元(yuan)素(su)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)它有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超標(biao)）的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區；水(shui)(shui)域或水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)(shang)游沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對(dui)產地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)構成(cheng)威脅的(de)井(jing)水(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)應(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)附表(biao)2標(biao)準(zhun)。 3.1.4其(qi)(qi)(qi)它要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu) 場地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)通風(feng)(feng)向陽，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)高(gao)(gao)燥，水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)較近，交通方便，并(bing)相(xiang)對(dui)集(ji)中連(lian)片。 3.2栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)季(ji)節 依(yi)據所(suo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)型、菌(jun)(jun)(jun)齡要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)、當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)及適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)，因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)制宜(yi)(yi)(yi)，靈(ling)活(huo)推(tui)算(suan)確定(ding)最(zui)佳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)春(chun)栽(zai)(zai) 模式點(dian)(dian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)2-4月份進行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.3品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 所(suo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，須(xu)(xu)經(jing)正規食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)科研部門(men)試(shi)驗示范(fan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)確定(ding)該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差、光照(zhao)、海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)措(cuo)施與(yu)(yu)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)相(xiang)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，還(huan)必須(xu)(xu)具備(bei)(bei)抗性好(hao)(hao)、優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豐(feng)產的(de)特性。我縣(xian)春(chun)栽(zai)(zai)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)香菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)當(dang)家(jia)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)西峽縣(xian)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)科研中心生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)“9608”品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.4菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun) 3.4.1標(biao)名 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓶（袋(dai)(dai)(dai)）上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)注冊商(shang)(shang)標(biao)標(biao)示、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)型、接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日期(qi)、檢驗合(he)格(ge)證(zheng)等。 3.4.2純度(du)(du)(du)(du) 外觀看(kan)瓶（袋(dai)(dai)(dai)）無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)破(po)損，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜菌(jun)(jun)(jun)和(he)病(bing)蟲侵染(ran)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)粗(cu)壯整齊，分(fen)(fen)枝濃密(mi)，色(se)(se)澤潔白呈(cheng)現(xian)絨(rong)毛(mao)狀，鏡檢菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)透明，呈(cheng)分(fen)(fen)枝狀，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)橫隔(ge)、鎖(suo)狀聯合(he)明顯(xian)，具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)特征。 3.4.3香味(wei) 優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨特的(de)香味(wei)而無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)異雜味(wei)。 3.4.4長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢(shi) 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)形(xing)態正常，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺盛而無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)抑制線(xian)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吐水(shui)(shui)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畏縮現(xian)象，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)形(xing)態呈(cheng)絨(rong)毛(mao)狀濃密(mi)，粗(cu)壯均(jun)勻(yun)齊整，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)速度(du)(du)(du)(du)快(kuai)。 3.4.5活(huo)力 從(cong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓶（袋(dai)(dai)(dai)）中隨機挖取(qu)一(yi)(yi)塊菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，感覺有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)韌性，不(bu)(bu)(bu)松(song)散(san)(san)，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)呈(cheng)淡黃色(se)(se)，在(zai)(zai)29℃下培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)塊四周的(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)萌發快(kuai)，向四周擴展(zhan)快(kuai)的(de)則說明吃料(liao)(liao)能力強。 3.5培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)配方 培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)配方有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)若干(gan)(gan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方案，西峽縣(xian)春(chun)栽(zai)(zai)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)配方一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)：木屑(xie)(xie)84％、麩皮15％、石膏(gao)1％。 3.6培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)備(bei)(bei)制 3.6.1木屑(xie)(xie) 樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：在(zai)(zai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)(yuan)影(ying)響，重金(jin)屬(shu)、放(fang)射(she)性元(yuan)素(su)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)它有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超標(biao)區域內(nei)的(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)闊葉硬雜木均(jun)可(ke)(ke)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)（不(bu)(bu)(bu)含松(song)、柏、樟(zhang)、杉(shan)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)），其(qi)(qi)(qi)砍伐季(ji)節應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)冬季(ji)休眠期(qi)砍伐為(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)；木屑(xie)(xie)加工(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)粉料(liao)(liao)機粉碎，顆粒應(ying)(ying)均(jun)勻(yun)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)尖刺(ci)(ci)(ci)，細度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)大片麥麩一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，粉碎后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)曬干(gan)(gan)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.6.2麥麩 麩皮要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)大片、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霉(mei)變、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、干(gan)(gan)燥松(song)散(san)(san)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)污(wu)染(ran)的(de)新鮮(xian)(xian)麩皮。 3.6.3石膏(gao) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)熟均(jun)可(ke)(ke)，需(xu)經(jing)檢驗合(he)格(ge)，潔白、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)毒(du)害。 3.8拌料(liao)(liao) 按(an)照(zhao)木屑(xie)(xie)84％、麩皮15％、石膏(gao)1％的(de)配方比(bi)例，含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)維(wei)持在(zai)(zai)55％-58％之間(jian)(jian)，把各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)及水(shui)(shui)混合(he)攪(jiao)拌均(jun)勻(yun)。 3.9裝(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)(dai) 一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)折17-18公(gong)分(fen)(fen)寬，55公(gong)分(fen)(fen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)，松(song)緊(jin)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，口(kou)(kou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)扎(zha)緊(jin)，輕拿輕放(fang)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)破(po)損、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)污(wu)染(ran)。 3.10滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun) 料(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)進入(ru)滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)爐后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，2-3小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)料(liao)(liao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)應(ying)(ying)達到(dao)100℃以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，保(bao)持100℃不(bu)(bu)(bu)下降(jiang)連(lian)續(xu)維(wei)持18個(ge)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。如袋(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)較多，可(ke)(ke)酌情(qing)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。 3.11冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que) 滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)達到(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，停止加熱(re)，任其(qi)(qi)(qi)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)到(dao)70℃以(yi)(yi)下，可(ke)(ke)出(chu)鍋放(fang)入(ru)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)室，繼續(xu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)達28℃以(yi)(yi)下時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，才能接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.12接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)必須(xu)(xu)提前(qian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)消(xiao)毒(du)處(chu)理，并(bing)檢查(cha)接(jie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)箱(xiang)嚴(yan)密(mi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)漏氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)裝(zhuang)入(ru)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)，再用(yong)(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)霧消(xiao)毒(du)劑按(an)1-2g/m3點(dian)(dian)燃(ran)消(xiao)毒(du)30分(fen)(fen)鐘后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)才能接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，點(dian)(dian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)：快(kuai)、凈、滿(man)、實。 3.13培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang) 接(jie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，需(xu)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)搬(ban)入(ru)用(yong)(yong)(yong)石灰(hui)水(shui)(shui)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)霧消(xiao)毒(du)劑消(xiao)過(guo)(guo)毒(du)的(de)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)室。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)單層單行(xing)(xing)(xing)擺放(fang)，高(gao)(gao)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)控制在(zai)(zai)20℃-25℃為(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，致一(yi)(yi)死(si)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)通風(feng)(feng)換氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)室干(gan)(gan)燥、暗(an)光、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、易于(yu)通風(feng)(feng)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)。 3.14刺(ci)(ci)(ci)孔增氧 為(wei)(wei)滿(man)足菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)對(dui)氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，養(yang)(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)應(ying)(ying)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)孔2-3次，刺(ci)(ci)(ci)孔多少應(ying)(ying)與(yu)(yu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)大小(xiao)、水(shui)(shui)份多少成(cheng)正比(bi)例，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)每袋(dai)(dai)(dai)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)孔總數50-80個(ge)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)。刺(ci)(ci)(ci)孔后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)應(ying)(ying)特別注意(yi)，嚴(yan)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)超溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)燒堆，應(ying)(ying)注意(yi)通風(feng)(feng)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 3.15轉(zhuan)色(se)(se) 養(yang)(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)結束后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，應(ying)(ying)靈(ling)活(huo)調控溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、光照(zhao)、通風(feng)(feng)促使(shi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)轉(zhuan)色(se)(se)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)皮厚薄適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中，茶褐色(se)(se)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)彈性、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)光澤為(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)。 3.16越夏 越夏主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)任務(wu)是防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)暴曬，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下必須(xu)(xu)在(zai)(zai)5月上(shang)(shang)旬將(jiang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)移到(dao)室外，在(zai)(zai)室外陰棚(peng)內(nei)越夏，遮陰棚(peng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)搭高(gao)(gao)、塔(ta)寬、搭厚，陰棚(peng)凈高(gao)(gao)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，蔭棚(peng)四周距離(li)內(nei)架2米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)隔(ge)熱(re)隔(ge)光，伏天棚(peng)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過(guo)(guo)30℃為(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)。 3.17催菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu) 時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)10月下旬，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)白天蓋膜、夜(ye)晚揭膜，拉大溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差達10℃ 3.18疏蕾(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蕾(lei)，培(pei)(pei)育(yu)花菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu) 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)現(xian)蕾(lei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)割口(kou)(kou)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)蕾(lei)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)留10個(ge)左右，嚴(yan)格(ge)調控溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)15—18℃，濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)70%～80%，并(bing)注意(yi)通風(feng)(feng)換氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，調節光照(zhao)；如果生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產花菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)須(xu)(xu)保(bao)持低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)13℃～15℃，干(gan)(gan)燥，濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)控制在(zai)(zai)60%～70%，還(huan)須(xu)(xu)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)增加光照(zhao)，拉大溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差。 3.19采收、加工(gong)與(yu)(yu)貯運(yun) 3.19.1 采收 可(ke)(ke)根據客商(shang)(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采摘，采摘時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)分(fen)(fen)級放(fang)入(ru)干(gan)(gan)凈無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran)的(de)竹筐內(nei)，嚴(yan)禁落入(ru)泥土、木屑(xie)(xie)或其(qi)(qi)(qi)它雜物，確保(bao)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。 3.19.2 加工(gong) 一(yi)(yi)是保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)。可(ke)(ke)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)庫低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)（2～3℃）保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)，按(an)客商(shang)(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)挑揀分(fen)(fen)級、包(bao)裝(zhuang)，再利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)車及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)銷。二是烘干(gan)(gan)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)烘干(gan)(gan)機烘干(gan)(gan)，重點(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)掌(zhang)握起(qi)始溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)35℃，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)每小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)升1～2℃，逐步(bu)升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)慢慢把菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體水(shui)(shui)份蒸發掉，最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)階(jie)段溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過(guo)(guo)65℃，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)關(guan)(guan)閉進風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)和(he)出(chu)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)熱(re)循環(huan)并(bing)維(wei)持2小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左右，能增加香菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香味(wei)，當(dang)達到(dao)烘干(gan)(gan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)封包(bao)裝(zhuang)出(chu)售。 3.19.3 貯存和(he)運(yun)輸 香菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)貯存、運(yun)輸應(ying)(ying)保(bao)持低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、干(gan)(gan)燥、衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)避風(feng)(feng)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鼠、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曬、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)震、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)雨(yu)淋、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)塵不(bu)(bu)(bu)得與(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物品(pin)(pin)(pin)混裝(zhuang)混運(yun)。 3.19.4 注意(yi)事項 3.19.4.1 在(zai)(zai)加工(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)允(yun)許為(wei)(wei)了達到(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐、保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)或漂(piao)白等目的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)人體有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良影(ying)響的(de)藥(yao)劑對(dui)香菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)處(chu)理。 3.19.4.2 不(bu)(bu)(bu)允(yun)許使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)裝(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)、化肥(fei)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)它有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)容器包(bao)裝(zhuang)香菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。 3.19.4.3 包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料(liao)(liao)須(xu)(xu)符(fu)合(he)國家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，包(bao)裝(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)應(ying)(ying)確保(bao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霉(mei)變，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)符(fu)合(he)國家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)主要(yao)采用袋式或箱式包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料(liao)必須符合國家(jia)強制性技(ji)術規范要(yao)求。產(chan)品有明確(que)標(biao)簽，內容包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)： 產(chan)品名稱、商(shang)標(biao)、產(chan)品執(zhi)行標(biao)準、生產(chan)者(zhe)及詳細地址、凈含量及包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)日期，要(yao)求字(zi)跡清晰、完整(zheng)、準確(que)。