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一.產品介紹

簡介

西峽香菇(gu)，河南省南陽(yang)市西峽縣特產，中國國家(jia)地理標志(zhi)產品。西峽香菇(gu)品質優，味道好，花菇(gu)率(lv)高，深受消費者歡(huan)迎，遠(yuan)銷(xiao)廣州、深圳、福建(jian)、浙江、日本(ben)、韓國、新加坡、臺灣、香港等地。

種植環境

西峽是一個深山(shan)縣，自然狀(zhuang)況為“八山(shan)一水(shui)零點(dian)七分田”，既具有北(bei)亞(ya)熱帶向暖溫帶過渡(du)的氣候(hou)特點(dian)，又有冬季偏(pian)暖地區的氣候(hou)差異。海拔181米至(zhi)2212米，年平均氣溫15.1℃，相對濕度(du)69%，年均降水(shui)量(liang)881.6毫米。年均日照2019小時，無霜期236天，森林覆(fu)蓋率76.8%，生態環境優越，適宜多種類農作物生長，是香(xiang)菇生產的黃金地帶。

生產情況

2010年(nian)(nian)，西峽(xia)縣(xian)從事香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)種植的(de)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)達3萬(wan)余戶(hu)(hu)，超過(guo)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)總數的(de)1/3，年(nian)(nian)種植規(gui)模保持在1億(yi)袋左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，年(nian)(nian)產量（干品(pin)）3.5萬(wan)噸左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)總產量的(de)1/10，成(cheng)為“南菇(gu)(gu)北移”后中(zhong)國(guo)最大(da)的(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)生(sheng)產地(di)(di)。形成(cheng)的(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)市場年(nian)(nian)交易額穩定在10億(yi)元(yuan)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，成(cheng)為中(zhong)國(guo)最大(da)的(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)集(ji)散地(di)(di)、加工地(di)(di)，每年(nian)(nian)從這里(li)運出(chu)(chu)的(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)國(guo)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)干香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)的(de)70%以上(shang)、占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)國(guo)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)總產量的(de)近(jin)1/5，由此奠定了(le)全(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)國(guo)干香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)的(de)價格形成(cheng)中(zhong)心(xin)和(he)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)貨(huo)源集(ji)散中(zhong)心(xin)地(di)(di)位。西峽(xia)先后被國(guo)家農(nong)業部等部委(wei)確(que)定為全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)園藝產品(pin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)示(shi)范(fan)區，被全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)食(shi)用菌協會(hui)評為十佳商品(pin)基地(di)(di)縣(xian)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)食(shi)用菌標準化(hua)示(shi)范(fan)縣(xian)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)食(shi)用菌優秀基地(di)(di)縣(xian)；通過(guo)了(le)國(guo)家原(yuan)產地(di)(di)地(di)(di)理(li)保護認證。2009年(nian)(nian)，中(zhong)國(guo)食(shi)用菌協會(hui)授予“中(zhong)國(guo)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)之鄉”稱號。2010年(nian)(nian)，河南西峽(xia)縣(xian)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)7422噸，出(chu)(chu)口(kou)額11874萬(wan)美元(yuan)。

產地范圍

西峽香菇地理標志產品保護范圍(wei)為河南省西峽縣丹水鎮(zhen)、田關(guan)鄉(xiang)、陽城(cheng)鄉(xiang)、回車鎮(zhen)、五里橋(qiao)鎮(zhen)、丁河鎮(zhen)、重陽鄉(xiang)、西坪鎮(zhen)、寨根(gen)鄉(xiang)、桑坪鎮(zhen)、石界河鄉(xiang)、米坪鎮(zhen)、軍馬河鎮(zhen)、雙龍鎮(zhen)、二(er)狼坪鄉(xiang)等15個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)現轄(xia)行政區域。

專用標志使用

西(xi)峽香菇地(di)理標志產品保(bao)護(hu)范圍內的生產者(zhe)，可向南陽出入境檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)疫局提(ti)出使(shi)用“地(di)理標志產品專用標志”的申請，由國家質檢(jian)總局公告批(pi)準(zhun)。

技術要求

（一）菌種。

9608等優質香菇菌(jun)(jun)種的1、2、3級菌(jun)(jun)種。

（二(er)）立體條件。

保(bao)護區范圍內海(hai)拔200m至800m。

（三）原(yuan)料(liao)要求(qiu)。

1、主(zhu)料：為殼(ke)斗科(ke)的(de)麻櫟(li)屬、青岡(gang)屬和樺科(ke)的(de)樺木(mu)屬的(de)木(mu)屑(xie)。木(mu)屑(xie)直徑3mm至(zhi)8mm，鮮木(mu)屑(xie)含水量40%以(yi)下、干木(mu)屑(xie)含水量13%以(yi)下，無霉爛、腐朽(xiu)、污染。

2、輔料：

（1）麥(mai)麩：無(wu)霉(mei)變(bian)、結塊(kuai)、污染，含水量13%以下。

（2）白砂糖：食用菌(jun)糖。

（3）石(shi)膏：生、熟均(jun)可，色白，無雜質(zhi)。

（四(si)）栽培管理(li)。

1、拌料、裝(zhuang)袋：

（1）栽培期：2至(zhi)4月生產栽培。

（2）配方：木(mu)屑78%至(zhi)80%、麥麩18%至(zhi)20%、糖0.8%至(zhi)1%、石膏1%的比(bi)例(li)，把料拌勻，兌水至(zhi)含水量58%至(zhi)60%。pH值5至(zhi)7。

（3）裝袋：松緊適中、每袋干(gan)料1.3kg至(zhi)1.5kg，栽(zai)培袋濕重3至(zhi)3.3kg。

2、常壓滅菌：料溫整體達到(dao)100℃后(hou)，保持(chi)18個小時(shi)以上。

3、接(jie)(jie)種：料溫下(xia)降(jiang)到28℃以下(xia)時，在無菌(jun)條件下(xia)接(jie)(jie)種。

4、發菌(jun)：發菌(jun)需45d至(zhi)50d，保持發菌(jun)室(shi)干凈、干燥、暗光、通風，溫(wen)度維持在20℃至(zhi)25℃，適(shi)當刺孔(kong)增氧，注意散堆降(jiang)溫(wen)。

5、越(yue)夏(xia)管(guan)理：越(yue)夏(xia)場地通風向(xiang)陽、地勢高燥(zao)、水源潔(jie)凈、周邊環境(jing)干(gan)凈、整潔(jie)、無污(wu)染。

6、棚(peng)架(jia)環境要求及進棚(peng)管理：外(wai)棚(peng)四周要比內架(jia)寬(kuan)出2米，遮(zhe)陰網不少于二層，層間(jian)有35cm至(zhi)40cm間(jian)距。遮(zhe)陰度60%至(zhi)70%，溫(wen)度在28℃以下，濕度75%至(zhi)80%，通風良好(hao)。自(zi)然(ran)(ran)轉色(se)，自(zi)然(ran)(ran)養菌，不隨(sui)意翻動。150天至(zhi)180天。

7、出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)管理：氣(qi)溫穩(wen)定在(zai)20℃以下，10月中下旬以后催(cui)菇(gu)(gu)。菌袋含水量在(zai)原(yuan)袋重的80%至(zhi)85%，濕度60%至(zhi)85%，溫度8℃至(zhi)18℃，溫差(cha)8℃至(zhi)10℃。適當通(tong)風，保持(chi)(chi)空氣(qi)新(xin)鮮。初(chu)冬(dong)出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)，保持(chi)(chi)半陰半陽；冬(dong)季(ji)出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)，全光照(zhao)。

（五）采收與加工。

1、采(cai)(cai)收(shou)：10月中(zhong)旬(xun)至翌年4月采(cai)(cai)收(shou)，采(cai)(cai)收(shou)標準為子實體7至8成(cheng)熟(shu)。

2、加工：烘干(gan)脫水(shui)加工，含(han)水(shui)量≤13%。

西峽香菇的醫用價值(zhi)

中(zhong)國不(bu)少古(gu)籍中(zhong)記(ji)載香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)“益(yi)(yi)氣不(bu)饑，治(zhi)風破血和益(yi)(yi)胃(wei)助食(shi)”。民間(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來助痘瘡(chuang)、麻疹的誘發，治(zhi)頭痛(tong)、頭暈。現代(dai)研究證(zheng)明(ming)，香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)多(duo)糖可調(diao)節人體(ti)內有免疫功(gong)能的T細胞(bao)活性(xing)，可降(jiang)低甲基膽蒽(en)誘發腫(zhong)瘤(liu)的能力。香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)對(dui)癌細胞(bao)有強(qiang)烈的抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，對(dui)小白鼠肉(rou)瘤(liu)180的抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)率為(wei)97.5%，對(dui)艾(ai)氏癌的抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)率為(wei)80%。香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)含有雙鏈核(he)(he)糖核(he)(he)酸，能誘導產生干擾素，具(ju)有抗病(bing)毒能力。西峽香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)還對(dui)糖尿病(bing)、肺結核(he)(he)、傳(chuan)染性(xing)肝(gan)炎、神經炎等起(qi)治(zhi)療(liao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，又可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于消(xiao)化不(bu)良、便秘、減肥等。

1. 提(ti)高機體免疫功(gong)能(neng)：香菇(gu)多糖可提(ti)高巨噬(shi)細胞(bao)(bao)的(de)吞噬(shi)功(gong)能(neng)，還可促進T淋巴細胞(bao)(bao)的(de)產生，并提(ti)高T淋巴細胞(bao)(bao)的(de)殺傷活(huo)性，從而增強人(ren)體體液免疫功(gong)能(neng)。

2. 西峽香菇還(huan)對糖(tang)尿(niao)病、肺結核、傳染性肝炎、神經炎等起治(zhi)療作用，又可用于(yu)消化(hua)不良、便(bian)秘(mi)等。

3. 延(yan)緩衰老：香菇(gu)的水(shui)提取物對過氧化(hua)氫(qing)有(you)清(qing)除作用，對體(ti)內的過氧化(hua)氫(qing)有(you)一定的消除作用；

4. 降(jiang)(jiang)血壓、降(jiang)(jiang)血脂(zhi)、降(jiang)(jiang)膽固(gu)醇(chun)：香菇中(zhong)含有(you)嘌呤、膽堿、酪氨(an)酸、氧化(hua)(hua)酶以及某些核酸物(wu)質，能(neng)起(qi)到降(jiang)(jiang)血壓、降(jiang)(jiang)膽固(gu)醇(chun)、降(jiang)(jiang)血脂(zhi)的作用，又(you)可(ke)預防動(dong)脈硬化(hua)(hua)、肝硬化(hua)(hua)等疾病。

5. 防癌抗癌：香菇菌蓋部分含有雙鏈(lian)結構(gou)的(de)核糖核酸，進入人體后，會產生(sheng)具有抗癌作用的(de)干擾素。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土壤(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang) 西(xi)峽地(di)處秦嶺東支(zhi)脈伏(fu)牛(niu)山(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓，海拔高度(du)從(cong)181米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)到2212.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。縣境(jing)自西(xi)北(bei)向東南(nan)(nan)依次為(wei)深山(shan)區(qu)、淺山(shan)區(qu)、山(shan)谷盆地(di)和(he)丘陵區(qu)4種類(lei)型。西(xi)峽縣土壤(rang)系第(di)四紀(ji)堆積(ji)、洪積(ji)型骨架(jia)土。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)類(lei)占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)82%、為(wei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)60.7%；紫色土類(lei)占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)10%、為(wei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)35.1%；棕壤(rang)土類(lei)占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)7.7%；潮土類(lei)占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)3%；河(he)(he)灘地(di)僅占(zhan)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)1.2%，獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)區(qu)小氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)，適(shi)宜香菇的(de)(de)(de)生產。 2.2 水文(wen)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang) 境(jing)內溪流密布，共有(you)大小河(he)(he)流520余(yu)條，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)灌河(he)(he)、淇河(he)(he)兩條過境(jing)河(he)(he)。全縣水資源總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)18.54億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)(nian)地(di)表(biao)水總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)14.06億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，地(di)下水總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)4.48億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。地(di)表(biao)水可開發量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)11.6億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，地(di)下水可開發量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)2.6億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。伏(fu)牛(niu)山(shan)生態環境(jing)良(liang)好，地(di)表(biao)水基(ji)本無污染。 2.3 氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang) 西(xi)峽處于亞熱帶向暖(nuan)濕帶過度(du)地(di)帶，屬北(bei)亞熱帶季風(feng)區(qu)大陸性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫和(he)，雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，光照(zhao)(zhao)充足，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫15.0攝氏(shi)度(du)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)878.1毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)無霜期(qi)236.2天(tian)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)時數(shu)1924.9小時，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)相(xiang)對濕度(du)69%，季風(feng)平(ping)均(jun)風(feng)速2.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每秒。由(you)于境(jing)內多山(shan)，地(di)勢(shi)復雜，有(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)區(qu)立(li)(li)方(fang)體氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特點，四季分明。充足的(de)(de)(de)光照(zhao)(zhao)，適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)，溫和(he)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)給西(xi)峽食(shi)用菌產業帶來了良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)發展條件。

三.地域范圍

西(xi)(xi)(xi)峽(xia)香菇農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地理(li)標志登記地域保護，覆蓋西(xi)(xi)(xi)峽(xia)境內全域除(chu)城(cheng)區(qu)外16個鄉鎮：丹(dan)水、田關、陽城(cheng)、回(hui)車、丁河、重陽、西(xi)(xi)(xi)坪(ping)、桑坪(ping)、米坪(ping)、石界河、軍馬(ma)河、二(er)郎坪(ping)、五里橋、雙龍、太(tai)平(ping)鎮、寨根。涉(she)及242個行政村(cun)，其保護范圍地理(li)坐標為北(bei)緯33°05′—33°48′東經111°01′—111°46′，地處河南(nan)省西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)部、南(nan)陽市(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部、伏(fu)牛山腹地、豫鄂陜三省交匯地帶，,總面積3454平(ping)方公(gong)里，香菇生產(chan)(chan)面積約1000公(gong)頃(qing)，年均總產(chan)(chan)量穩定在15萬噸左右。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外在感(gan)(gan)官特征 4.1.1 菇(gu)形 朵形圓整，中大(da)葉型，菇(gu)質密，菇(gu)肉(rou)厚。 4.1.2 菌(jun)蓋色(se)澤 鮮菇(gu)菌(jun)蓋淺褐(he)色(se)—褐(he)色(se)。 4.1.3 菌(jun)柄 菌(jun)柄中長型，3—5厘(li)米，中等(deng)粗。 4.1.4 菌(jun)褶 整齊，中等(deng)密度，淺白色(se)。 4.1.5 口感(gan)(gan) 脆嫩，爽滑，肉(rou)質無(wu)海綿(mian)感(gan)(gan)。

五.特定生產方式

3.1場(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇 3.1.1 無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)場(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di) 應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇不(bu)(bu)(bu)受(shou)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源影響，或(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物含量(liang)限制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)允許(xu)范圍(wei)之(zhi)內(nei)(nei)，生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)，具體(ti)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)100米(mi)(mi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)工(gong)業三廢、垃圾（糞(fen)便）場(chang)(chang)(chang)、各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源（如(ru)大(da)量(liang)揚(yang)灰的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥廠、窯灰廠等(deng)），并且遠離醫院、學校和(he)公(gong)共場(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)；對(dui)農(nong)戶獨(du)(du)立生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)點應(ying)(ying)保證30米(mi)(mi)以內(nei)(nei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畜禽圈舍和(he)家(jia)(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廁所(suo)（衛(wei)生(sheng)間）；土(tu)(tu)壤、空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)（312國(guo)道兩側50米(mi)(mi)以內(nei)(nei)）中重(zhong)(zhong)金屬(shu)背景值(zhi)偏高(gao)(gao)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，與土(tu)(tu)壤、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)病高(gao)(gao)發(fa)區(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)場(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)。 3.1.2空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)淅，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)排(pai)放(fang)，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)活用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)燃(ran)(ran)煤鍋(guo)爐(lu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)防(fang)(fang)塵(chen)除硫裝(zhuang)置。環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)指標(biao)應(ying)(ying)符(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)附(fu)表(biao)1標(biao)準(zhun)。 3.1.3水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清潔無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)（包(bao)(bao)括重(zhong)(zhong)金屬(shu)、放(fang)射性元(yuan)素及其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)物質(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超標(biao)）的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)；水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)或(huo)(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源上游沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)構(gou)成威脅的(de)井水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)應(ying)(ying)符(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)附(fu)表(biao)2標(biao)準(zhun)。 3.1.4其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 場(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)向(xiang)陽，地(di)(di)(di)勢高(gao)(gao)燥(zao)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源較(jiao)(jiao)近，交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)方(fang)便，并相(xiang)對(dui)集中連(lian)片。 3.2栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)季(ji)節(jie)(jie) 依據所(suo)選(xuan)(xuan)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)型、菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)齡要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件及適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜出菇(gu)的(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)，因地(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)宜，靈活推(tui)算確定最(zui)(zui)佳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)春栽(zai)(zai)(zai) 模(mo)式(shi)點種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一般(ban)在(zai)(zai)2-4月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)。 3.3品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇 所(suo)選(xuan)(xuan)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，須經(jing)正規(gui)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)科(ke)研部門試驗示范后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)確定該品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差、光照、海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)措(cuo)施(shi)與本地(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件相(xiang)適(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，還必(bi)須具備(bei)抗性好(hao)(hao)、優質(zhi)(zhi)豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)特性。我縣春栽(zai)(zai)(zai)袋(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)的(de)當(dang)(dang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)西峽(xia)縣食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)科(ke)研中心生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)“9608”品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.4菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun) 3.4.1標(biao)名 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓶(ping)(ping)（袋(dai)(dai)）上有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)注冊商(shang)標(biao)標(biao)示、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)型、接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日期(qi)、檢(jian)驗合(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)證等(deng)。 3.4.2純度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 外(wai)觀(guan)看瓶(ping)(ping)（袋(dai)(dai)）無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)破損，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)和(he)病蟲(chong)侵染(ran)(ran)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)粗壯整齊(qi)，分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)濃密(mi)，色(se)澤潔白(bai)呈(cheng)現絨(rong)(rong)毛狀(zhuang)，鏡檢(jian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)透明，呈(cheng)分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)狀(zhuang)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)橫隔、鎖狀(zhuang)聯合(he)(he)(he)明顯，具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)特征。 3.4.3香(xiang)(xiang)味 優質(zhi)(zhi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨(du)(du)特的(de)香(xiang)(xiang)味而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)異雜(za)(za)(za)味。 3.4.4長勢 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)形態正常(chang)，生(sheng)長旺盛而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)線，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畏縮現象，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)形態呈(cheng)絨(rong)(rong)毛狀(zhuang)濃密(mi)，粗壯均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)齊(qi)整，生(sheng)長速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)快(kuai)(kuai)。 3.4.5活力 從(cong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓶(ping)(ping)（袋(dai)(dai)）中隨(sui)機挖取一塊菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，感覺有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)韌性，不(bu)(bu)(bu)松散，培(pei)養(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)呈(cheng)淡黃色(se)，在(zai)(zai)29℃下(xia)(xia)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)塊四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)的(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)萌發(fa)快(kuai)(kuai)，向(xiang)四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)擴展快(kuai)(kuai)的(de)則說明吃(chi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)能(neng)力強。 3.5培(pei)養(yang)(yang)基配(pei)方(fang) 培(pei)養(yang)(yang)基配(pei)方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)若干(gan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)案，西峽(xia)縣春栽(zai)(zai)(zai)袋(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)配(pei)方(fang)一般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：木(mu)屑(xie)84％、麩(fu)(fu)皮(pi)(pi)15％、石膏(gao)(gao)1％。 3.6培(pei)養(yang)(yang)基備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi) 3.6.1木(mu)屑(xie) 樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：在(zai)(zai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源影響，重(zhong)(zhong)金屬(shu)、放(fang)射性元(yuan)素及其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)物質(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超標(biao)區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)(nei)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)闊葉硬(ying)雜(za)(za)(za)木(mu)均(jun)(jun)可(ke)(ke)(ke)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)（不(bu)(bu)(bu)含松、柏、樟、杉(shan)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)），其(qi)(qi)砍(kan)伐(fa)季(ji)節(jie)(jie)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)冬季(ji)休眠期(qi)砍(kan)伐(fa)為(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)；木(mu)屑(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粉(fen)(fen)料(liao)(liao)(liao)機粉(fen)(fen)碎(sui)，顆粒應(ying)(ying)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)尖刺，細度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)大(da)片麥麩(fu)(fu)一樣，粉(fen)(fen)碎(sui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)曬(shai)干(gan)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.6.2麥麩(fu)(fu) 麩(fu)(fu)皮(pi)(pi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大(da)片、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霉變(bian)(bian)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)、干(gan)燥(zao)松散、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)的(de)新鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)麩(fu)(fu)皮(pi)(pi)。 3.6.3石膏(gao)(gao) 生(sheng)熟均(jun)(jun)可(ke)(ke)(ke)，需(xu)經(jing)檢(jian)驗合(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)，潔白(bai)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)毒(du)(du)害(hai)(hai)。 3.8拌料(liao)(liao)(liao) 按(an)(an)照木(mu)屑(xie)84％、麩(fu)(fu)皮(pi)(pi)15％、石膏(gao)(gao)1％的(de)配(pei)方(fang)比(bi)例，含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)維(wei)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)55％-58％之(zhi)間，把各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)及水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)混合(he)(he)(he)攪拌均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)。 3.9裝(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai) 一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)折17-18公(gong)分(fen)(fen)寬，55公(gong)分(fen)(fen)長的(de)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)，松緊適(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，口(kou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)扎緊，輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放(fang)，防(fang)(fang)破損、防(fang)(fang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)。 3.10滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun) 料(liao)(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)爐(lu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，2-3小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)應(ying)(ying)達到(dao)(dao)100℃以上，保持(chi)100℃不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)降連(lian)續維(wei)持(chi)18個小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以上。如(ru)袋(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)較(jiao)(jiao)多，可(ke)(ke)(ke)酌情適(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)延(yan)長滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間。 3.11冷(leng)卻(que) 滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)達到(dao)(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，停(ting)止加(jia)(jia)熱(re)，任其(qi)(qi)自然(ran)冷(leng)卻(que)到(dao)(dao)70℃以下(xia)(xia)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)出鍋(guo)放(fang)入無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)室，繼續冷(leng)卻(que)到(dao)(dao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)達28℃以下(xia)(xia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，才能(neng)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.12接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)必(bi)須提前進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)消(xiao)毒(du)(du)處理，并檢(jian)查接(jie)(jie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)箱(xiang)嚴(yan)密(mi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)漏氣(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)裝(zhuang)入袋(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，再用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)霧消(xiao)毒(du)(du)劑(ji)按(an)(an)1-2g/m3點燃(ran)(ran)消(xiao)毒(du)(du)30分(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)才能(neng)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，點種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：快(kuai)(kuai)、凈(jing)(jing)、滿、實。 3.13培(pei)養(yang)(yang) 接(jie)(jie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，需(xu)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)搬入用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石灰水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)霧消(xiao)毒(du)(du)劑(ji)消(xiao)過(guo)(guo)毒(du)(du)的(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)室。一般(ban)單(dan)(dan)層單(dan)(dan)行(xing)擺放(fang)，高(gao)(gao)1米(mi)(mi)左右，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)20℃-25℃為(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，致一死適(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)換(huan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)室干(gan)燥(zao)、暗光、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、易于通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜。 3.14刺孔增氧 為(wei)(wei)滿足(zu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)對(dui)氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，養(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)期(qi)間應(ying)(ying)刺孔2-3次，刺孔多少應(ying)(ying)與菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)大(da)小(xiao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)份(fen)(fen)多少成正比(bi)例，一般(ban)每(mei)袋(dai)(dai)刺孔總數50-80個為(wei)(wei)宜。刺孔后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)應(ying)(ying)特別注意(yi)(yi)，嚴(yan)防(fang)(fang)超溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)燒堆，應(ying)(ying)注意(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 3.15轉色(se) 養(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)結束后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，應(ying)(ying)靈活調(diao)(diao)控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、光照、通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)促使菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)自然(ran)轉色(se)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)皮(pi)(pi)厚薄適(shi)(shi)(shi)中，茶褐色(se)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)彈性、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)光澤為(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)。 3.16越(yue)夏 越(yue)夏主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)任務是(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、防(fang)(fang)暴曬(shai)，一般(ban)情況下(xia)(xia)必(bi)須在(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)上旬將菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)移到(dao)(dao)室外(wai)，在(zai)(zai)室外(wai)陰(yin)棚(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)越(yue)夏，遮陰(yin)棚(peng)(peng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)搭高(gao)(gao)、塔寬、搭厚，陰(yin)棚(peng)(peng)凈(jing)(jing)高(gao)(gao)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)3.5米(mi)(mi)以上，蔭棚(peng)(peng)四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)距離內(nei)(nei)架2米(mi)(mi)以上，厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隔熱(re)隔光，伏天棚(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過(guo)(guo)30℃為(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)。 3.17催菇(gu) 時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間一般(ban)在(zai)(zai)10月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)天蓋膜、夜(ye)晚揭膜，拉大(da)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差達10℃ 3.18疏蕾(lei)養(yang)(yang)蕾(lei)，培(pei)育花(hua)菇(gu) 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)現蕾(lei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)割口(kou)選(xuan)(xuan)蕾(lei)，一般(ban)留10個左右，嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)15—18℃，濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)70%～80%，并注意(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)換(huan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)光照；如(ru)果生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)花(hua)菇(gu)須保持(chi)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)13℃～15℃，干(gan)燥(zao)，濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)60%～70%，還須適(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)增加(jia)(jia)光照，拉大(da)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差。 3.19采(cai)收(shou)、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)與貯(zhu)(zhu)運(yun) 3.19.1 采(cai)收(shou) 可(ke)(ke)(ke)根(gen)據客(ke)(ke)商(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，適(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)摘，采(cai)摘時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)分(fen)(fen)級放(fang)入干(gan)凈(jing)(jing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)的(de)竹筐內(nei)(nei)，嚴(yan)禁落(luo)入泥土(tu)(tu)、木(mu)屑(xie)或(huo)(huo)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)雜(za)(za)(za)物，確保產(chan)(chan)(chan)品衛(wei)生(sheng)。 3.19.2 加(jia)(jia)工(gong) 一是(shi)(shi)保鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)保鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)庫低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)（2～3℃）保鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)，按(an)(an)客(ke)(ke)商(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)挑揀(jian)分(fen)(fen)級、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)，再利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)冷(leng)藏車及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)銷(xiao)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)烘干(gan)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)烘干(gan)機烘干(gan)，重(zhong)(zhong)點應(ying)(ying)掌握起(qi)始溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)于35℃，一般(ban)每(mei)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上升1～2℃，逐步(bu)升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)慢(man)慢(man)把菇(gu)體(ti)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)份(fen)(fen)蒸發(fa)掉，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)階段(duan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過(guo)(guo)65℃，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)關(guan)閉進(jin)(jin)(jin)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)和(he)出風(feng)(feng)口(kou)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)熱(re)循環(huan)(huan)(huan)并維(wei)持(chi)2小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左右，能(neng)增加(jia)(jia)香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)的(de)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)(xiang)味，當(dang)(dang)達到(dao)(dao)烘干(gan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)封包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)出售。 3.19.3 貯(zhu)(zhu)存和(he)運(yun)輸(shu) 香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)貯(zhu)(zhu)存、運(yun)輸(shu)應(ying)(ying)保持(chi)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、干(gan)燥(zao)、衛(wei)生(sheng)、通(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)避風(feng)(feng)，防(fang)(fang)鼠、防(fang)(fang)曬(shai)、防(fang)(fang)震、防(fang)(fang)雨淋、防(fang)(fang)塵(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得與有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)物品混裝(zhuang)混運(yun)。 3.19.4 注意(yi)(yi)事項 3.19.4.1 在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)允許(xu)為(wei)(wei)了達到(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)、保鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)或(huo)(huo)漂白(bai)等(deng)目的(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)人體(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang)影響的(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)對(dui)香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)處理。 3.19.4.2 不(bu)(bu)(bu)允許(xu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)裝(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)農(nong)藥(yao)、化肥及其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)容器包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)。 3.19.4.3 包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)須符(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)衛(wei)生(sheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)應(ying)(ying)確保無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霉變(bian)(bian)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)，并符(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)食(shi)品衛(wei)生(sheng)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包(bao)裝(zhuang)主要(yao)采用袋式或箱式包(bao)裝(zhuang)，包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料必(bi)須(xu)符合國家(jia)強制性(xing)技術規范要(yao)求(qiu)。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)有(you)明確標簽，內容包(bao)括： 產(chan)(chan)品(pin)名(ming)稱、商(shang)標、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)執行標準、生產(chan)(chan)者及詳細地址、凈含量及包(bao)裝(zhuang)日期，要(yao)求(qiu)字跡清晰(xi)、完(wan)整(zheng)、準確。